排序方式: 共有51条查询结果,搜索用时 78 毫秒
31.
Černoch I Fránek M Diblíková I Hilscherová K Randák T Ocelka T Bláha L 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(1):250-257
Sulfonamide antibiotics coming from both human and veterinary medicine are among the most common emerging pollutants in freshwater. The present paper shows the successful application of passive sampling using POCIS in combination with an immunochemical ELISA technique and HPLC/MS/MS analysis to study the distribution of sulfonamides in streams around small towns in the Czech Republic, as well as around a major agglomeration of the city of Brno, including its waste water treatment plant (WWTP). Results indicated the presence of sulfonamides at most studied sites with concentrations ranging from <20 up to 736 ng of sulfamethoxazole equivalents per POCIS. Very high levels were detected in both the influent and effluent of the Brno WWTP with maxima > 8000 ng SMX per POCIS. All samplers collected down-stream of the studied towns and WWTPs clearly showed an increase in sulfonamide drug residues. Higher concentrations were determined in rivers at the city of Brno agglomeration. In agreement with other available studies, these findings indicate low efficiency of conventional WWTPs to eliminate polar pharmaceuticals such as sulfonamides. Good performance and correlation with the LC/MS results, as well as ease of use, indicate good potential for the immunochemical ELISA technique to become the screening tool for sulfonamide determination in surface waters including passive samplers. 相似文献
32.
Martin de Luis Katarina Čufar Miguel Angel Saz Luis Alberto Longares Andrej Ceglar Lučka Kajfež-Bogataj 《Regional Environmental Change》2014,14(5):1801-1810
A quality-controlled and enhanced database of 38 temperature and 52 precipitation stations was developed for Slovenia, a transitional area between Mediterranean, Alpine and continental climatic regimes, covering the period 1951–2007. Mean annual temperatures significantly increased in nearly all of Slovenia (except western areas) at rates between 0.15 and 0.36 °C/decade. Warming was most intense strongest in summer and spring in north-eastern Slovenia (0.3–0.4 °C/decade) and weakest in autumn. Precipitation trends were heterogeneous. Annual precipitation decreased significantly in the north-western part, at 3–6 % per decade. During spring and summer, decrease in rainfall by 3–6 % was detected in western Slovenia. No significant trends were found for the autumn season. In winter, precipitation decreased, by 3–12 % per decade, in particular in north-western Slovenia. As observed also elsewhere in Central Europe, changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns may have contributed to the observed long-term warming and drying in Slovenia. However, the strong warming in summer and spring, that is almost twice the trend observed in neighbouring countries, could be enhanced by drier soils caused by the decrease in winter precipitation in Slovenia. 相似文献
33.
Jana Chovancová Beáta Drobná Anna Fabišiková Kamil Čonka Soňa Wimmerová Marian Pavuk 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(11):7643-7653
The concentrations of indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs No. 28, 52, 101, 138, 153 and 180) and organochlorine pesticides (HCB, p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDT) in 121 blood serum specimens collected from non-occupationally exposed adults living in contaminated and comparison areas were determined using high-resolution gas chromatography/electron capture detection (HRGC/ECD). The sum of the serum concentrations of the three most abundant PCB congeners (No. 138, 153 and 180) found in participants (N?=?81) living in industrial areas near incinerators, metallurgical and chemical plants (Krompachy, Kosice, Nemecka and Sala) was significantly higher (p?0.001) than in participants living in villages and towns without known sources causing persistent organic pollutant (POP) contamination (N?=?40). Similarly, significant differences were observed for p,p′-DDE (p?0.0001) and p,p′-DDT (p?0.002). However, a Mann-Whitney U test between groups showed that the difference for HCB was not statistically significant (p?=?0.089). Age was positively correlated with the sum of PCBs (No. 138, 153 and 180), HCB and the sum of p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDT (p?0.01 for all). 相似文献
34.
35.
Paul Bardos Brian Bone Miroslav Černík Daniel W. Elliott Sarah Jones Corinne Merly 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2015,25(2):83-94
Nanoscale zero‐valent iron (nZVI) is the most commonly used nanoremediation material. While there has been a reasonable level of application of nZVI technologies for in situ remediation in the United States, its utilization across Europe has been much more limited. There has been significant uncertainty about the balance between deployment risks and benefits for nanoparticles (NPs), which has affected the regulatory position in several countries. Some member states of the European Union (EU) take a strong precautionary view of the risks from the deployment of NPs into the subsurface, preventing the adoption of the technology. This article provides a risk–benefit assessment for nZVI based on published information and describes the steps that will be taken by a major European research project (NanoRem), as part of its work to provide a basis for better informed decision making in European environmental restoration markets. A key part of this process is dialogue between practitioners and researchers. NanoRem therefore has an active process of communication with different stakeholder networks (regulators, service providers, and site owners). NanoRem hopes to stimulate a consensus on appropriate use of nanoremediation and thereby stimulate effective technology transfer to the European remediation market. ©2015 The Authors 相似文献
36.
37.
Andrea Čabarkapa Sunčica Borozan Lada Živković Mirjana Milanović-Čabarkapa Srđan Stojanović Vladan Bajić 《毒物与环境化学》2015,97(6):799-813
The aim of this study was to determine oxidative alterations leading to cellular dysfunctions in Pb-exposed subjects by evaluating damage to all major classes of biomolecules in the cell, lipid peroxidation, protein and DNA damage and determine relationships between parameters of Pb toxicity and specific biomarkers of oxidative damage.Analysis was conducted of smelter workers with high blood Pb and urine aminolevulinic acid levels and slightly elevated values of coproporphyrin and erythrocyte protoporphyrin IX. Significant decreases of thiol groups and increases in carbonyl groups as protein degradation end products, and of nitrite were detected. Elevated rates of lipid peroxidation and rises in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes Cu–Zn superoxide dismutase and catalase were also observed. Both enzymes showed positive correlations with the blood lead levels and urine coproporphyrin, while thiol groups correlated negatively with the same indices. The genotoxic potential of lead was manifested through an increased number of DNA-damaged cells. Increased activities of serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes indicated cellular damage in the lungs, kidneys, and liver. These lead-induced impairments should be taken into consideration in the assessment of Pb-related health hazards. 相似文献
38.
39.
40.
Edgar Hiller Slavomír Čerňanský Zoltán Krascsenits Ján Milička 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(5):546-554
Background, aim, and scope Herbicide fate and its transport in soils and sediments greatly depend upon sorption–desorption processes. Quantitative determination
of herbicide sorption–desorption is therefore essential for both the understanding of transport and the sorption equilibrium
in the soil/sediment–water system; and it is also an important parameter for predicting herbicide fate using mathematical
simulation models. The total soil/sediment organic carbon content and its qualitative characteristics are the most important
factors affecting sorption–desorption of herbicides in soil or sediment. Since the acetochlor is one of the most frequently
used herbicides in Slovakia to control annual grasses and certain annual broad-leaved weeds in maize and potatoes, and posses
various negative health effects on human beings, our aim in this study was to investigate acetochlor sorption and desorption
in various soil/sediment samples from Slovakia. The main soil/sediment characteristics governing acetochlor sorption–desorption
were also identified.
Materials and methods The sorption–desorption of acetochlor, using the batch equilibration method, was studied on eight surface soils, one subsurface
soil and five sediments collected from the Laborec River and three water reservoirs. Soils and sediments were characterized
by commonly used methods for their total organic carbon content, distribution of humus components, pH, grain-size distribution,
and smectite content, and for calcium carbonate content. The effect of soil/sediment characteristics on acetochlor sorption–desorption
was examined by simple correlation analysis.
Results Sorption of acetochlor was expressed as the distribution coefficient (K
d). K
d values slightly decreased as the initial acetochlor concentration increased. These values indicated that acetochlor was moderately
sorbed by soils and sediments. Highly significant correlations between the K
d values and the organic carbon content were observed at both initial concentrations. However, sorption of acetochlor was most
closely correlated to the humic acid carbon, and less to the fulvic acid carbon. The total organic carbon content was found
to also significantly influence acetochlor desorption.
Discussion Since the strong linear relationship between the K
d values of acetochlor and the organic carbon content was already released, the corresponding K
oc values were calculated. Considerable variation in the K
oc values suggested that other soil/sediment parameters besides the total soil organic carbon content could be involved in acetochlor
sorption. This was revealed by a significant correlation between the K
oc values and the ratio of humic acid carbon to fulvic acid carbon (CHA/CFA).
Conclusions When comparing acetochlor sorption in a range of soils and sediments, different K
d values which are strongly correlated to the total organic carbon content were found. Concerning the humus fractions, the
humic acid carbon content was strongly correlated to the K
d values, and it is therefore a better predictor of the acetochlor sorption than the total organic carbon content. Variation
in the K
oc values was attributed to the differences in distribution of humus components between soils and sediments. Desorption of acetochlor
was significantly influenced by total organic carbon content, with a greater organic carbon content reducing desorption.
Recommendations and perspectives This study examined the sorption–desorption processes of acetochlor in soils and sediments. The obtained sorption data are
important for qualitative assessment of acetochlor mobility in natural solids, but further studies must be carried out to
understand its environmental fate and transport more thoroughly. Although, the total organic carbon content, the humus fractions
of the organic matter and the CHA/CFA ratio were sufficient predictors of the acetochlor sorption–desorption. Further investigations of the structural and chemical
characteristics of humic substances derived from different origins are necessary to more preciously explain differences in
acetochlor sorption in the soils and sediments observed in this study. 相似文献