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61.
Ivan Holoubek Lea Houšková Zdenek Šeda Irena Holoubková Pavel Korínek Zbynek Bohácek 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(2):73-83
The samples of soils, earthworms and vegetation (needles, lichens, mosses) were collected for the realization of Project TOCOEN (Toxic Organic Compounds in the ENvironment). The samples were collected from three TOCOEN model areas in Czechoslovakia—one city and two rural areas. The samples were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorinated pesticides (C1‐PEST) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). 相似文献
62.
Nikola M. Pavlović Vuk Maksimović Jelena Dragišić Maksimović William H. Orem Calin A. Tatu Harry E. Lerch Joseph E. Bunnell Emina N. Kostić Diana N. Szilagyi Virgil Paunescu 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2013,35(2):215-226
Aristolochic acids (AAs) are nephrotoxic and carcinogenic derivatives found in several Aristolochia species. To date, the toxicity of AAs has been inferred only from the effects observed in patients suffering from a kidney disease called “aristolochic acid nephropathy” (AAN, formerly known as “Chinese herbs nephropathy”). More recently, the chronic poisoning with Aristolochia seeds has been considered to be the main cause of Balkan endemic nephropathy, another form of chronic renal failure resembling AAN. So far, it was assumed that AAs can enter the human food chain only through ethnobotanical use (intentional or accidental) of herbs containing self-produced AAs. We hypothesized that the roots of some crops growing in fields where Aristolochia species grew over several seasons may take up certain amounts of AAs from the soil, and thus become a secondary source of food poisoning. To verify this possibility, maize plant (Zea mays) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) were used as a model to substantiate the possible significance of naturally occurring AAs’ root uptake in food chain contamination. This study showed that the roots of maize plant and cucumber are capable of absorbing AAs from nutrient solution, consequently producing strong peaks on ultraviolet HPLC chromatograms of plant extracts. This uptake resulted in even higher concentrations of AAs in the roots compared to the nutrient solutions. To further validate the measurement of AA content in the root material, we also measured their concentrations in nutrient solutions before and after the plant treatment. Decreased concentrations of both AAI and AAII were found in nutrient solutions after plant growth. During this short-term experiment, there were much lower concentrations of AAs in the leaves than in the roots. The question is whether these plants are capable of transferring significant amounts of AAs from the roots into edible parts of the plant during prolonged experiments. 相似文献
63.
Aquatic macrophytes can be used in the studies of quality of water ecosystems and in monitoring of metals and other pollutants. The aim of this study was to assess concentration levels, accumulation and distribution of seven metals in selected plant parts of Typha angustifolia L. and Iris pseudacorus L., in comparison with sediment and water samples of a reservoir. Metal content in the samples was determined by optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES iCAP 6500). The concentrations of all examined metals were higher in the sediment than in the water samples. In plants, metal concentrations depended on plant species and organs. The roots/rhizomes were primary organs for metal concentration and accumulation. T. angustifolia L. accumulated Mn and Cu, and I. pseudacorus L. accumulated Cd and Cu in the fruits. T. angustifolia L. hyperaccumulated As. The values of enrichment coefficients and translocation factors were: 0 to 3.31 and 0 to 2.39, respectively. The plant species investigated absorb, translocate and accumulate metals in their organs differently, which provides advantages in combining them for remediation of wasted aquatic ecosystems. 相似文献
64.
Veronika Holcová Jan Šíma Keith Edwards Eva Semančíková Jiří Dušek Hana Šantrůčková 《国际发展与全球生态学杂志》2013,20(5):362-367
Retention times of treated water in a constructed wetland (CW) with horizontal subsurface flow were determined both in the vegetative and non-vegetative periods of 2005. Tracer experiments were performed using fluorescein, an organic compound detectable at extremely low concentrations. Nominal and tracer retention times were determined and compared. Winter tracer retention time (TRT 194 h) and nominal retention time (nHRT 190 h) were nearly exactly equal, while summer TRT (335 h) was approximately twofold higher than nHRT (158 h). Residence time distribution function (RTD) was used to compare retention times obtained for the vegetative and non-vegetative periods. The obtained results document a significant influence of dense common reed vegetation on retention characteristics of the studied system. Common reed can convert a significant volume of water from liquid to gas via evapotranspiration (ET) and thus prolong water retention times in the system. This is very important both technically and ecologically. Longer retention times mean a longer time for microbiological decay of wastewater. Water converted from liquid to gas causes cooling of the microclimate, which is very important, especially in intensively cultivated areas with a lack of water. 相似文献
65.
Distribution and availability of potentially toxic metals in soil in central area of Belgrade,Serbia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rabia Ahmed Ghariani Ivan Gržetić Mališa Antić Snežana Nikolić Mandić 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2010,8(3):261-269
Belgrade, capital city of Serbia, has over 1,600,000 inhabitants and over 400,000 vehicles trafficking every day on its streets.
The investigation of soil pollution was performed by sequential extraction analysis to investigate the availability of potentially
toxic metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Co, Ni, Cu, Cr and Mn) under different oxidation and pH conditions. All investigated metals were
mainly extracted from soils with neutral or acidic extractants. Serious pollution was observed along roads and streets with
high traffic frequency, but Pb and Ni pollution was the highest since their concentrations exceed both soil Serbian standard
and Canadian guidance values and is characteristic for all investigated sites. Cd, Cu, Cr and Zn concentrations are moderately
high since they are between Canadian guideline and Serbian standard. 相似文献
66.
Alžbeta Jarošová Jiří Harazim Lenka Krátká Doubravka Kolenčíková 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2010,8(4):387-391
Phthalates are animal carcinogens and may cause death or tissue deformities. Samples of feedstuffs collected in 2005 and 2006
from industrial feed manufacturers in the Czech Republic were analysed for contamination with phthalic acid esters (PAEs),
specifically di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP). Samples of feed additives, premixes and raw materials were collected (year 2005, n = 26). For soybean oil, the total volume of phthalates measured (DBP + DEHP) reached a level of 131.42 mg kg−1; for rapeseed oil, fish meal and animal fats, the levels measured were 15.00, 7.96 and 58.87 mg kg−1, respectively. The lowest level of DBP + DEHP was found in corn (2.03 mg kg−1). Since phthalates were detected, samples of feed additives (n = 28) and raw materials (n = 28) were collected again in 2006. The highest levels of DBP + DEHP were found in raw materials containing fat. Phthalate
levels in rapeseed oil samples ranged from 1.38 to 32.40 mg kg−1 DBP + DEHP. For feed additives, contamination levels in vitamins and amino acids ranged from 0.06 to 3.15 and 1.76 to 4.52 mg kg−1 DBP + DEHP, respectively. Here, we show that the levels of PAEs found in cereals such as wheat, barley and corn may be regarded
as being alarmingly high, because cereals make up the largest proportion of compound feed of farm animals. 相似文献
67.
Kormaňáková Marcela Remešová Marcela Vančová Terézia 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(4):1348-1364
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The problem of food waste is broadly discussed, but empirical data are still missing. The importance of this topic increases as the reporting of... 相似文献
68.
Vilis Brukas Andrius Kuliešis Ola Sallnäs Edgaras Linkevičius 《Natural resources forum》2011,35(2):77-88
As tensions among diverse forest‐use interests in Lithuania are on the rise, this study examines the actual resource availability, the underlying planning approaches and the pertinent policy arena. Two 5‐year cycles of sampling‐based forest inventory provide accurate data showing that the overall timber harvest/increment ratio (or utilization intensity) is 61%. Utilization intensity is similar in state and private forests. It could potentially be raised to 70‐80%, with due account for environmental values. Such an increase is inhibited by rigid routines of forest management planning, involving inflexible rotation ages and cutting norms. Age‐class analysis indicates that the current planning practice counters its underlying aim of achieving a long‐term even flow of timber. According to a survey of key forest stakeholders, those who directly benefit from forest utilization have a weak position in the policy arena, the dominant powers being vested in the national forestry authorities. State forest enterprises have to follow restrictive plans from above, private forest owners are constrained by stern regulations and suffer from the bad image caused by the persistent myth of overuse in private forests. More rational management of Lithuanian forests is hardly possible without major shifts in the institutional set‐up accompanied by transformation of the professional ideology. 相似文献
69.
Matjaž Hriberšek Niko Samec Jure Ravnik Matej Zadravec 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2011,16(5):479-489
The contribution presents numerical simulation of gypsum particles, lifting from a gypsum landfill. First, particle characteristics
are presented, resulting from different technologies of gypsum depositing. Next, a laboratory experiment parameter validation
tests are described, which served as a means of determination of mass flow of particles from the landfill. The background
of the numerical simulations, used in the assessment of landfill impact on the environment, is also described. Simulations
consist of two parts: simulation of a long term impact of the particles on the surrounding area, performed by implementation
of the Gaussian dispersion model based computer code ISC3, and second, a CFD based simulation for assessing the flow and mass
concentration fields in the vicinity of the landfill for several pre-selected flow cases. The results of both computational
approaches are presented and compared. In the conclusions, a relation of the simulation results with existing environmental
pollution levels is made, and recommendations for landfill management are drawn. 相似文献
70.
In this study, we investigated the in vitro effects of metal ions on Mg2+-ATPase activity in isolated membranes from rat uterus. The effects of increasing concentrations of metal salts (CrCl2, CuSO4, HgCl2 and ZnSO4) show sigmoidal and almost complete inhibition relative to the control enzyme activity. According to the IC50, the ATPase possesses greater sensibility to
$ {\text{Zn}}^{{{\text{2}} + }} > {\text{Cu}}^{{{\text{2}} + }} \cong {\text{Cr}}^{{{\text{3}} + }} \cong {\text{Hg}}^{{{\text{2}} + }} ,$ {\text{Zn}}^{{{\text{2}} + }} > {\text{Cu}}^{{{\text{2}} + }} \cong {\text{Cr}}^{{{\text{3}} + }} \cong {\text{Hg}}^{{{\text{2}} + }} , while other metal salts exhibit the following inhibition: CdCl2 55%, CsCl 64.5% and SrCl2 58%. Here we demonstrated that the physico-chemical properties of these metals are of importance in defining possible mechanisms
of binding and decrease of enzyme activity. 相似文献