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181.
本研究进行了大量室内外试验和污染实例考察。首先研究了三氯乙醛在土壤环境中的消失和转化规律。发现三氯乙醛在土壤中经微生物作用能转化为三氯乙酸,后者在土壤中有1—3个月持留期,在土壤中三氯乙醛消失后(一般在几天内消失),三氯乙酸成为主要毒害物质。其次研究了三氯乙醛在植物体内的主要代谢产物及其对植物生长的影响。采用衍生物色谱法和气相色谱—质谱联用分析证明三氯乙酸是主要代谢产物。三氯乙酸能富集在植物体内并使之产生枯萎或生长畸形等症状。找出了三氯乙醛和三氯乙酸在植株体内的转化规律,解释了二者单独作用于植物时某些症状相似的原因。此外,还获得了有关三氯乙醛对小麦等作物的致害浓度资料和毒害症状的图谱照片。本工作首次阐明了三氯乙醛对土壤—植物体系的污染规律,为鉴别污染事故和防治提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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城市交通带来的大气污染问题日趋严重,为解决这一问题,国内外科研人员进行了数十年的开发研究,液化石油替代传统燃料作为机动车动力源已被认为是解决城市机动车尾气污染行之有效的办法,该方法集环保、经济、安全等优点,是未来汽车工业发展的方向。本文针对目前我国城市大气污染现状,分析比较现有防治对策措施,对液化气汽车在国内推广应用的可行性进行了简单阐述。 相似文献
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微生物法烟气脱硫技术研究 总被引:34,自引:0,他引:34
采用微生物(氧化亚铁硫杆菌,简称TF菌)法脱除烟气中的二氧化硫。在相同操作条件下,比较了传统的工业化 方法稀硫酸吸收法(千代田法)与本法的优劣,研究了液气化、二氧化硫浓度、三价铁离子浓度等因素对吸收效率的影响;分析了脱硫反应前后吸收率pH值、三价铁离子浓度的变化。研究结果表明:适宜的液气比(12.5L/Nm^3 以上)、二氧化硫浓度(1000-5000ppm)和三价铁离子浓度(0.6g/L以上)能使该法具有较高(>98%)的脱硫率。在常温常压操作条件下,微生物法的脱硫率远优于千代田法,具有一定的工业化价值。 相似文献
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通过对能源、环境、经济和社会发展4者关系的分析,建立了社会可持续发展模型,进而找到了社会最优可持续发展轨迹,为国家或地区社会发展的战略决策提供了可资参考的理论工具,同时进一步深化了可持续发展概念,提出了唯一的社会最优可持续发展概念。 相似文献
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用土壤薄层层析法研究单甲脒,单甲脒盐酸盐、灭幼脲和涕灭威等农药在不同土壤中的迁移行为,分别获得了这几种化合物的Rf值,它们分别为0.14、0.17,0.08,0.76,研究表明,单脒,单甲脒盐酸盐和灭幼脲不会污染地下水,而涕灭威则会对地下水污染构成严重的威胁。 相似文献
190.
Clément Dumont Christopher M. Pearce Cathy Stazicker Yu Xin An Laurie Keddy 《Marine Biology》2006,149(2):365-378
A laboratory experiment was conducted in the winter of 2003–2004 to assess the effect of varying photoperiod regime on consumption rate, assimilation rate, absorption efficiency, and gonad development of the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Adult individuals were collected from the wild after they had been exposed to the ambient autumn photoperiod cue (which is the extraneous trigger thought to elicit gametogenesis in this species) and placed at ambient temperature for 12 weeks under five different photoperiod regimes: (1) 24 h light:0 h dark=“0D”, (2) 16 h light:8 h dark=“8D”, (3) 8 h light:16 h dark=“16D”, (4) 0 h light:24 h dark=“24D”, and (5) ambient photoperiod (range: 10.50–15.25 h dark). Urchins in these five treatments were fed ad libitum with bull kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana. A sixth treatment consisted of starved individuals held under 0D conditions. Various gonad factors including gonad index, percent gonad water, gonad colour (CIE lightness or L*, CIE hue or a*, and CIE chroma or b*), percent area occupation of the gonad by various cell types (nutritive phagocytes, spermatozoa, and secondary oocytes/ova), and stage of development were assessed at the beginning of the experiment and at weeks 4, 8, and 12 of the study. Consumption and assimilation rates were assessed at weeks 4 and 12 and absorption efficiency at week 12 of the experiment. Urchins were predominantly in the growing and premature stages at the beginning of the experiment, but by week 4 at least 20% of individuals in all treatments receiving food were classified as mature. Spawning occurred during all these treatments between weeks 4 and 8, as evidenced by significant decreases in spermatozoa and secondary oocytes/ova and a significant decrease in percent gonad water, but was not accompanied by major declines in gonad indices. Greater than 90% of individuals in all five of the fed treatments were in the recovering and growing stages at the end of the experiment. The 16D treatment had by far the greatest percentage of urchins in the growing stage. In contrast, individuals that were starved were predominantly in the mature stage at weeks 4, 8, and 12, with only ~30% reaching the spawning stage by the end of the experiment. Photoperiod significantly affected gonad indices at the termination of the experiment with gonad index being the highest in the 16D treatment; this was significantly greater than in the 8D and ambient treatments. Photoperiod did not significantly affect gonad percent water, gonad lightness, or gonad hue. Gonad chroma was significantly affected by photoperiod, urchins held under ambient conditions having significantly lower b* readings than individuals in any other treatment. Photoperiod had little or no affect on consumption rate, assimilation rate, or absorption efficiency. Thus, differences among treatments in regards to gonad index, gonad chroma, and stage of development cannot be attributed to variations in feeding, absorption, or assimilation. The results of this experiment indicate that once gametogenesis is initiated, photoperiod manipulation cannot prevent ultimate spawning. However, photoperiod regime can affect the rate at which urchins move through the various stages of the gametogenic cycle. Urchins placed on short days under artificial lighting (16D) moved through the spawning stage into recovering and growing stages the fastest. This photoperiod regime also produced the highest gonad index at the end of the experiment. Since the commercial urchin market prefers large gonads in the growing and premature stages (i.e. before the mature stage is reached and gonads start leaking sperm and eggs), short day-lengths under artificial lighting (16D) appear to be the best photoperiod conditions for optimizing marketability. 相似文献