合成有机物对厌氧消化抑制的可逆性机理分析

总结出抑制性合成有机从厌氧化消化系统内清除的４种主要作用算什么,即厌氧降解作用,厌氧污泥吸附作用、挥发作用和随出水流出作用。从厌氧消化中各大类微生物之间相互平衡、协同作用的关系,分析了合成有机物对厌氧消化抑制的可逆性机理,并提出了抑制性合成有对厌氧消化抑制的可逆性机理图式。     

留民营生态农业系统的结构与能量流和生态效率的计算

留民营生态农业系统是一个包括农、林、牧、副、渔各业生产的社会经济-自然复合生态系统。在该系统中,既要发展生产,全面提高农民的生活质量,并为城市提供丰富的农副产品,又要保护生态环境,避免生产发展带来的污染与生态环境的破坏,达到经济效益、环境效益与社会效益的统一。因此,对系统     

Separation of chlorinated hydrocarbons and organophosphorus, pyrethroid pesticides by silicagel fractionation chromatography and their simultaneous determination by GC-MS

A silicagel fractionation procedure for environmental sample extracts, which separates chlorinated hydrocarbons(CHCs) and organophosphorus, pyrethroid pesticides into two groups for subsequent instrumental analysis, was developed in this study. This method was achieved by optimizing the fraction cut-off volume of elution and different solvents. Using fully activated silica gel and cut-off CHCs collection after 10ml 10% dichloromethane (DCM) in n-hexane passing through the column resulted in satisfactory separation of CHCs and organophosphorus, pyrethroid pesticides. This procedure had a higher reliability for CHCs than for organophosphorus, pyrethroid pesticides, because there is a relatively reliable recovery for CHCs. This approach is less expensive due to reducing sample pre-treatment time and solvent consumption.     

Degradation of 4-CP in an internal electrolysis system

The characteristic and mechanism of parachlorophenol (4-CP) degradation in an internal electrolysis system were investigated. The degradation rate of 4-CP was higher in acid solution than that of in neutral or alkaline solution. Addition of activated carbon could make 4-CP easier be degraded by the surface contact catalysis. The dissolved oxygen in solution could take part in the electrode reaction and intensify the degradation of 4-CP. By the analysis of intermediates of degradation of 4-CP, it could be conferred that 4-CP was broken through the bond beside hydroxy firstly, then the bond beside chloride was broken and the chloride was dechlorinated simultaneously. Most intermediate products were glycerine, ethane diacid and acetic acid, while very few 1, 4-butanedial and alcohols were found.     

Insights into low fish mercury bioaccumulation in a mercury-contaminated reservoir, Guizhou, China

We examined Hg biogeochemistry in Baihua Reservoir, a system affected by industrial wastewater containing mercury (Hg). As expected, we found high levels of total Hg (THg, 664-7421 ng g(-1)) and monomethylmercury (MMHg, 3-21 ng g(-1)) in the surface sediments (0-10 cm). In the water column, both THg and MMHg showed strong vertical variations with higher concentrations in the anoxic layer (>4m) than in the oxic layer (0-4 m), which was most pronounced for the dissolved MMHg (p < 0.001). However, mercury levels in biota samples (mostly cyprinid fish) were one order of magnitude lower than common regulatory values (i.e. 0.3-0.5 mg kg(-1)) for human consumption. We identified three main reasons to explain the low fish Hg bioaccumulation: disconnection of the aquatic food web from the high MMHg zone, simple food web structures, and biodilution effect at the base of the food chain in this eutrophic reservoir.     

A novel wet-scrubbing process using Fe(VI) for simultaneous removal of SO2 and NO

The objective of this work was to develop a novel wet-scrubbing process using Fe(VI) for the simultaneous removal of gaseous NO and SO(2). The oxidation of SO(2) and NO with Fe(VI) was studied in aqueous solution at alkaline pH (9.0-11.0). A stoichiometric molar ratio for NO and SO(2) oxidation with Fe(VI) was determined to be nearly 3.0. Sulfate and nitrate was identified as final products by ion chromatography from the reaction at pH 9.0-11.0. The feasibility of simultaneous removal of multiple gas pollutants with the continuous feeding of ferrate in lab-scale was investigated from the view of industrial application. It was found that the removal efficiency of NO and SO(2) was enhanced with the increase of Fe(VI) concentration, more than 90% NO removal efficiency and 100% SO(2) removal efficiency were achieved by wet-scrubbing process using Fe(VI) at room temperature and ambient atmosphere. The results demonstrate that Fe(VI) could be an effective wet-scrubbing agent for the simultaneous removal of NO and SO(2).     

Investigation of urban water quality using simulated rainfall in a medium size city of China

Road-deposited sediment (RDS) is an important environmental medium for impacting the characteristics of pollutants in stormwater runoff; it is of critical importance to investigate the water quality of urban environments. The paper develops a rainfall simulator as an important research tool to ensure homogeneity and reduce the large number of variables that are usually inherent to urban water quality research. The rainfall simulator was used to experiment runoff samples from typical residential and traffic areas in the Zhenjiang. The data show that land use is one of the major factors contributing to the difference in the pollutants concentration in the RDS. The maximum mean EMC for TN, TDN, TP, and TDP at residential area was 5.52, 3.07, 1.65, and 0.36 mg/L, respectively. The intense traffic area displayed the highest metal concentrations. Concentrations of runoff pollutants varied greatly with land use and storm characteristics. The correlation of pollutant concentrations with runoff times was another predominant phenomenon. Peaks in pollutants concentration occurred at 1 and 10 min during the whole storm event. A concentration peak that correlates with a peak in runoff flowrate correlates with rainfall intensity. The pollutant loadings (kilograms per hectare) in the Zhenjiang were 11.39 and 55.28 for COD, 8.42 and 57.48 for SS, 0.11 and 0.88 for TN, 0.02 and 0.14 for TP, 0.02 and 0.09 for Zn, and 0.01 and 0.04 for Pb. The higher rainfall contribute to the higher pollutant loading at the residential and intense traffic areas, as a result of the pollutant loadings direct dependence on rainfall intensity. The results confirmed that the rainfall simulator is a reliable tool for urban water quality research and can be used to simulate pollutant wash-off. These findings provide invaluable information for the development of appropriate management strategies to decrease nonpoint source contamination loading to the water environment in urban areas.     

Component modeling for the spatial representation of wildlife movements

This paper has two main objectives: (1) to discuss the basics of component modeling and its conceptual implications in environmental modeling; and (2) based on this discussion, to present a component-based design to support the simulation of wildlife movements. Components are independently developed, ready-to-use software units that can be assembled together to construct a modeling system. The conceptual implications of component modeling for the representation of environmental phenomena are discussed. A comparison is made between these conceptual implications and those of the more familiar object-oriented approach. A component-based design for supporting the simulation of wildlife movements is presented in this paper in order to illustrate how component modeling can be used to support the spatial representation of ecological phenomena and processes.     

环保消防联动处置石化企业及园区突发环境事件分析研究

根据中国在处置石化企业及园区突发环境事件的现状,明确了消防部门在现场处置中的先锋、基础和保证的重要作用。经过分析石化行业所存在的火灾、爆炸和环境的风险,提出了在抢险救灾中的选择环保泡沫、采取控而不灭措施、妥善处理泄漏物和消防污水等要求。指出当前环保和消防部门应建立预案、信息、技术、出警等方面应急联动的机制,并在现场处置中强化防护与协同、调查与询情、监测与侦检、警戒与警示、救生与救护、控险与输转、关阀与堵漏、洗消与清理等具体联动措施。     

CAS-BT复合反应器同步脱氮除磷试验研究

在CAST反应器中引入自制悬浮填料,构成了CAS-BT复合反应器,采用人工配制废水,对其同步脱氮除磷效果进行了试验研究.试验结果表明,当TN为178.05 mg/L、TP为28.32 mg/L时,CAS-BT工艺取得了很好的同步脱氮除磷效果,TN和TP的去除率分别达到97.55%和98.10%.进行同步脱氮除磷时,CAS-BT比其他的水处理工艺更具优势.