Simultaneously recovering electricity and water from wastewater by osmotic microbial fuel cells: Performance and membrane fouling

Since the concept of the osmotic microbial fuel cell (OsMFC) was introduced in 2011, it has attracted growing interests for its potential applications in wastewater treatment and energy recovery. However, forward osmosis (FO) membrane fouling resulting in a severe water flux decline remains a main obstacle. Until now, the fouling mechanisms of FO membrane especially the development of biofouling layer in the OsMFC are not yet clear. Here, the fouling behavior of FO membrane in OsMFCs was systematically investigated. The results indicated that a thick fouling layer including biofouling and inorganic fouling was existed on the FO membrane surface. Compared to the inorganic fouling, the biofouling played a more important role in the development of the fouling layer. Further analyses by the confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) implied that the growth of biofouling layer on the FO membrane surface in the OsMFC could be divided into three stages. Initially, microorganisms associated with ß-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides were deposited on the FO membrane surface. After that, the microorganisms grew into a biofilm caused a quick decrease of water flux. Subsequently, some of microorganisms were dead due to lack of nutrient source, in the meantime, polysaccharide and proteins in the biofouling layer were decomposed as nutrient source, thus leading to a slow development of the biofouling layer. Moreover, the microorganisms played a significant role in the formation and development of the biofouling layer, and further studies are needed to mitigate the deposition of microorganisms on FO membrane surfaces in OsMFCs.

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新冠疫情期间无锡市环境空气质量分析

通过对无锡市区环境空气污染物的连续监测,对新冠疫情期间环境空气质量进行研究分析。结果表明,2月疫情期间,无锡市环境空气质量同比与环比均有明显好转,AQI指数在24~80,均为优良天。这可能与全社会生产、生活、活动有极大变动有关,可指导空气污染防治工作的努力方向。从单项指标看,除O₃以外的其他5项指标均有不同程度的好转。这可能与O₃的产生、消除机理不同,也可能与疫情期间大量消毒产品的使用有关,这值得我们下一步深入探讨。     

三索式格栅除污机电控系统的国产化设计

介绍了三索式格栅除污机的工艺及控制原理 ,提出了一些以低价的元器件代替高价元器件的方案 ,设计了国产化的电控系统 ,使整机完全实现国产化 ,降低了系统的成本 ,同时便于调试和维修。     

Simplified creation of polyester fabric supported Fe-based MOFs by an industrialized dyeing process: Conditions optimization, photocatalytics activity and polyvinyl alcohol removal

MIL-53(Fe) was successfully prepared and deposited on the surface carboxylated polyester (PET) fiber by an optimized conventional solvothermal or industrialized high temperature pressure exhaustion (HTPE) process to develop a PET fiber supported MIL-53(Fe) photocatalyst ([email protected]) for the degradation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in water under light emitting diode (LED) visible irradiation. On the basis of several characterizations, [email protected] was tested for the photocalytic ability and degradation mechanism. It was found that temperature elevation significantly enhanced the formation and deposition of MIL-53(Fe) with better photocatalytic activity. However, higher temperature than 130°C was not in favor of its photocatalytic activity. Increasing the number of surface carboxyl groups of the modified PET fiber could cause a liner improvement in MIL-53(Fe) loading content and photocatalytic ability. High visible irradiation intensity also dramatically increased photocatalytic ability and PVA degradation efficiency of [email protected] Na₂S₂O₈ was used to replace H₂O₂ as electron acceptor for further promoting PVA degradation in this system. [email protected] prepared by HTPE process showed higher MIL-53(Fe) loading content and slightly lower PVA degradation efficiency than that prepared by solvothermal process at the same conditions. These findings provided a practical strategy for the large-scale production of the supported MIL-53(Fe) as a photocatalyst in the future.     

Formation mechanism of hydrogeochemical characterization of mineral water in Antu County,Changbai Mountain area

Antu County in the Changbai Mountains is an important source of mineral water, but there is a lack of research on the source of groundwater characteristic components, affecting the protection of water resources. This study obtained hydrochemical and isotopic data (28 groups in total, April and September in 2019) by summarizing research and sampling data in order to identify the formation process of characteristics. The formation mechanism of the characteristic components was revealed using geostatistical, isotopic, and hydrogeochemical inversion simulations. The results show that the metasilicic acid is a common component of groundwater water chemistry in the study area. The water body primarily receives stable recharge from low-mineralized precipitation with ages ranging from 27.7 to 38.4 years and recharge elevations ranging from 1160 to 2393 m, providing ample time for water–rock interaction. The dissolution of olivine, pyroxene, albite, and other siliceous minerals is the source of characteristic components, and deep faults and deep basalt heat flow are the key conditions for the formation of metasilicic acid. When low-mineralized precipitation recharges the underground aquifer, it dissolves the silica-aluminate and silicon-containing minerals in the surrounding rocks through the water–rock action under the effect of CO₂, causing a large amount of metasilic acid to dissolve into the groundwater and forming metasilic acid-type mineral water.

     

实施注采一体管柱技术 节能降耗减污增效

超稠油蒸汽吞吐注采一体管柱技术,是对多项稠油开采工艺技术进行实践、总结、分析而来。该项技术,解决了作业频繁的问题,实现了不动管柱直接转抽,并可以多次注汽、转抽;由此而改变传统的蒸汽吞吐注采工艺技术,做到注、采、焖、放一体管柱,减少作业工序和降低井筒热损失,降低环境污染及电能消耗,实现超稠油不动管柱开采,有效降低超稠油开采成本,提高了油井的生产实效,并取得可观的经济效益和环境效益,实现节能、降耗、减污、增效的清洁生产目标。     

超稠油污水深度处理工艺技术

针对辽河油田超稠油污水的特点设计了处理工艺流程,进行了药剂的筛选,根据各工艺设备的出水水质要求确定了合适的净水剂、除硅剂、阻垢剂的加量,并进行了现场实际应用,外输出水达到锅炉给水指标要求,用于锅炉注汽使用,效果良好,分析了该超稠油污水处理技术的特点和优势,提出了超稠油污水回用锅炉的建议。