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61.
Relatedness and environment affect traits associated with invasive and noninvasive introduced Commelinaceae. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jean H Burns 《Ecological applications》2006,16(4):1367-1376
Understanding the traits of invasive species may improve the ability to predict, prevent, and manage invasions. I compared morphological and performance traits of five congeneric pairs of invasive and noninvasive Commelinaceae across a factorial experiment using a range of water and nutrient availabilities. Invasive species had greater fecundity and vegetative reproduction than their noninvasive relatives. The invasive species also had higher relative growth rates, greater specific leaf area, and more plastic root-to-shoot ratios than noninvasive species. However, whether a trait was associated with invasiveness often depended on both environment and relatedness. Invasives had greater sexual and vegetative reproduction, higher specific leaf area, and greater relative growth rates than noninvasive congeners, but only in some environments. Differences between invasive and noninvasive taxa were greatest at high nutrient availabilities. These results suggest that studies of invasive species' traits must incorporate information on conditions under which the trait was measured. In addition, incorporating information on relatedness improved our ability to detect associations between species traits, such as specific leaf area and relative growth rate, and invasiveness, suggesting that such information may be required for a complete understanding of what makes a species invasive. 相似文献
62.
In this study, fertilized Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos were exposed from fertilization to 5 d post-hatch using static non-renewal assays to aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) ranging in nominal concentrations between 0 and 14 μg mL−1. The average size of the nTiO2 in the stock solution before addition to the test treatments was 87 nm (±14 nm). TiO2 materials accumulated in a concentration dependent manner on the chorionic filaments of developing medaka embryos with evidence of pericardial edema occurring during embryo development. However, no significant (p > 0.05) increases in mortality relative to control treatments were observed for the nTiO2 exposed embryos. A concentration dependent increase in cumulative percent hatch was observed at 11 d, indicating that exposure to increasing concentrations of nTiO2 resulted in the premature hatch of medaka embryos. Post-hatch, a significant proportion of sac fry from the nTiO2 exposure groups exhibited moribund swimming behavior and these individuals also experienced greater mortality at 15 d post-hatch. Combined, these results demonstrate that exposure to nTiO2 can impact the development of early life stages of fish. 相似文献
63.
James J. Collins Michael Wilken David McBride Noel F. Humphry Peter Herbison Carol J. Burns Kenneth Bodner 《Chemosphere》2009,76(11):1550-1556
This study examined serum levels of 2,3,7,8-substituted chlorinated dioxins and furans, and 15 PCBs for 346 New Zealand employees who worked at a site that manufactured 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4,5-T). Participants with potential TCP or 2,4,5-T exposures had mean lipid-adjusted 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) levels of 9.9 ng kg−1 lipid compared to 4.9 ng kg−1 for workers with no exposure at the site. Among exposed workers, we found evidence of differences in 2,3,7,8-TCDD levels by department and duties. Workers involved in an accidental release had the highest mean 2,3,7,8-TCDD levels, 37.9 ng kg−1, followed by workers in the trichlorophenol plant, 23.4 ng kg−1. Workers with potential intermittent exposures to 2,3,7,8-TCDD in construction, maintenance, mechanics, and transport had 2,3,7,8-TCDD levels above New Zealand background levels of 3.9 ng kg−1, indicating workplace exposures. Among participants with work history indicating no 2,3,7,8-TCDD exposures, we observed some individuals with 2,3,7,8-TCDD levels above background levels. However, in most cases, these workers reported workplace exposures not recorded on their work histories or held other jobs with the potential for 2,3,7,8-TCDD exposures outside the plant. All other dioxin, furan, and PCB levels were similar among the exposed and unexposed workers. 相似文献
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Zhou Nicolette A. Fagnant-Sperati Christine S. Komen Evans Mwangi Benlick Mukubi Johnstone Nyangao James Hassan Joanne Chepkurui Agnes Maina Caroline van Zyl Walda B. Matsapola Peter N. Wolfaardt Marianne Ngwana Fhatuwani B. Jeffries-Miles Stacey Coulliette-Salmond Angela Peñaranda Silvia Shirai Jeffry H. Kossik Alexandra L. Beck Nicola K. Wilmouth Robyn Boyle David S. Burns Cara C. Taylor Maureen B. Borus Peter Meschke John Scott 《Food and environmental virology》2020,12(1):35-47
66.
Steven Trabue Kenwood Scoggin Hong Li Robert Burns Hongwei Xin Jerry Hatfield 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(29):3538-3546
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from poultry production are leading source of air quality problems. However, little is known about the speciation and levels of VOCs from poultry production. The objective of this study was the speciation of VOCs from a poultry facility using evacuated canisters and sorbent tubes. Samples were taken during active poultry production cycle and between production cycles. Levels of VOCs were highest in areas with birds and the compounds in those areas had a higher percentage of polar compounds (89%) compared to aliphatic hydrocarbons (2.2%). In areas without birds, levels of VOCs were 1/3 those with birds present and compounds had a higher total percentage of aliphatic hydrocarbons (25%). Of the VOCs quantified in this study, no single sampling method was capable of quantifying more than 55% of compounds and in several sections of the building each sampling method quantified less than 50% of the quantifiable VOCs. Key classes of chemicals quantified using evacuated canisters included both alcohols and ketones, while sorbent tube samples included volatile fatty acids and ketones. The top five compounds made up close to 70% of VOCs and included: 1) acetic acid (830.1 μg m?3); 2) 2,3-butanedione (680.6 μg m?3); 3) methanol (195.8 μg m?3); 4) acetone (104.6 μg m?3); and 5) ethanol (101.9 μg m?3). Location variations for top five compounds averaged 49.5% in each section of the building and averaged 87% for the entire building. 相似文献
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68.
Rochelle Constantine Debbie Steel Judy Allen Megan Anderson Olive Andrews C. Scott Baker Peta Beeman Daniel Burns Jean-Benoît Charrassin Simon Childerhouse Michael Double Paul Ensor Trish Franklin Wally Franklin Nick Gales Claire Garrigue Nadine Gibbs Peter Harrison Nan Hauser Amanda Hutsel Curt Jenner Micheline-Nicole Jenner Greg Kaufman Anne Macie David Mattila Carlos Olavarría Adrian Oosterman David Paton Michael Poole Jooke Robbins Natalie Schmitt Peter Stevick Alden Tagarino Kirsten Thompson Juney Ward 《Marine Biology》2014,161(5):1087-1093
Understanding the dynamics of population recovery is particularly complex when an organism has multiple, remote breeding and feeding grounds separated by one of the longest known migration routes. This study reports on the most comprehensive assessment of humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) movements between remote Antarctic waters south of New Zealand and east Australia (EA), and the migratory corridors and breeding grounds of Australia and Oceania. A total of 112 individual whales were identified; 57 from microsatellites and 61 by fluke with 23 % (n = 26) matched to sites outside Antarctica. Despite large datasets from other southern regions being included in the comparison, the whales were predominantly linked to EA (n = 24). Only two matches to the Oceania catalogues directly north was surprising; therefore the primary feeding grounds of these endangered whales still remain unknown. The confirmation of the Balleny Islands as an important feeding ground for EA whales could provide an insight into reasons behind the rapid recovery of this population. Determining the feeding grounds of Oceania’s whales may explain whether prey energetics or migration length are limiting factors to their recovery and will allow an understanding of future ecosystem changes in these whales. 相似文献
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Alberto Acerbi John Burns Unal Cabuk Jakub Kryczka Bethany Trapp John Joseph Valletta Alex Mesoudi 《Conservation biology》2023,37(4):e14060
The role of nature documentaries in shaping public attitudes and behavior toward conservation and wildlife issues is unclear. We analyzed the emotional content of over 2 million tweets related to Our Planet, a major nature documentary released on Netflix, with dictionary and rule-based automatic sentiment analysis. We also compared the sentiment associated with species mentioned in Our Planet and a set of control species with similar features but not mentioned in the documentary. Tweets were largely negative in sentiment at the time of release of the series. This effect was primarily linked to the highly skewed distributions of retweets and, in particular, to a single negatively valenced and massively retweeted tweet (>150,000 retweets). Species mentioned in Our Planet were associated with more negative sentiment than the control species, and this effect coincided with a short period following the airing of the series. Our results are consistent with a general negativity bias in cultural transmission and document the difficulty of evoking positive sentiment, on social media and elsewhere, in response to environmental problems. 相似文献