城市污水处理厂的大气污染治理技术

城市污水处理厂在污水处理的过程中会产生一些大气污染。我们应弄清这些污染的成分和来源并加以控制以免形成二次污染,防止给周边环境尤其是居民的居住、工作环境造成影响。介绍近年来国内外学者就城市污水处理厂的大气污染问题的最新研究成果,并调查了青岛市两个典型污水处理厂的大气污染情况,展现了当前城市污水处理厂的大气污染的研究现状。     

生物强化技术处理化纤废水

采用生物强化技术,即利用从废水中分离、筛选出的降解丙烯腈与总氰的特效菌株,使化纤废水加营养盐的培养基中丙烯腈降解率达98．7％,总氰降解率达84％。将分离到的特效菌株进行混合培养,其降解丙烯腈与总氰的最佳体积比为1．0：（1．5～2．0）。使用该技术不必改变化纤废水处理场原有工艺。     

长江口江苏段长江江豚种群监测

长江口江苏段为江阴大桥至长江口北支入海口,受海洋潮汐影响较大,是长江江豚（Neophocaena asiaeorientalis）最下游分布区。为掌握该区域长江江豚种群数量和分布状况,于2023年进行了4次船只目视调查,并于2019年12月—2023年12月采用定点观测、环境DNA（eDNA）监测等方法进行监测。结果显示,2019年12月—2023年12月,累计观测到长江江豚236次,718头次。江阴大桥至崇启大桥,两岸均有长江江豚分布,热点区域为五山江段、常阴沙江段和江阴大桥江段。4次船只目视调查（样线1 274 km）共目击到长江江豚28次,计65头次。长江江豚的遇见率为0.02~0.13头次/km,平均遇见率为0.05头次/km。可见系数法估算结果得到2,5,9,11月该江段种群数量为14.8~64.8头,平均为38.9头。长江江豚冬、春季较为活跃。长江江豚热点区域自然岸线相对较多,人为活动干扰较小。针对长江口江苏段无专门长江江豚保护地,缺乏系统监测与保护措施等问题,提出应完善监测体系、加大保护力度、将长江江豚热点活动区域作为重点监护区以及建立长江江豚自然保护区等建议。     

Continuous electrocoagulation degradation of oily wastewater with Fe78Si9B13 amorphous ribbons

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The oily wastewater was treated by electrocoagulation with Fe78Si9B13 amorphous ribbons as anode and graphite plates as cathode under such processing...     

旧工业建筑结构安全评定影响因素分析

围绕旧工业建筑在结构安全评定时的各种影响因素,针对目前我国旧工业建筑结构安全评定理论研究不足,在实际操作过程中技术手段单一低效、结果处理简单粗放的现状,结合对我国15个城市,219个对象的实地调研,采用问卷调查收集数据,分析得出19个影响因素,利用主成分分析法,找出影响旧工业建筑结构安全鉴定的主要因素,提出相应的建议,为我国旧工业建筑结构安全评定提供了充分的理论依据,对以后旧工业建筑保护再利用具有指导借鉴意义。     

PEMFC载体抗腐蚀能力的理论研究进展

碳载体的腐蚀是影响质子膜燃料电池稳定性的关键。本研究主要从理论角度综述载体在燃料电池稳定性和活性方面的研究现状,介绍了载体的结构特点并对载体基团性质进行了分析,总结载体结构性能、电子结构性能差异与催化剂性能的关系。通过设计载体所含元素与催化剂粒子间成键方式并以载体修饰催化剂的电子结构是获得高活性、高稳定性催化剂的重要研究方向。     

Wetting properties and performance test of modified rigid collector in wet electrostatic precipitators

The fine particles are considered a significant pollution problem. The wet electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) have advantages of efficient collection of the fine particles with lower pressure drop and eliminating reentrainment. The wetting properties of the collector surfaces have significantly important effect on wet ESPs’ stable and secure operation. The modified rigid collector (MRC) was modified by coating specific vinyl ester resin composites and loose glass fiber cloth over the conventional carbon steel in a certain way. The rigid collector surfaces before and after modification had been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and interface tensiometer. The effect of operating temperatures on the wetting properties of the rigid collector surfaces before and after modification was investigated. The temperature range was 40~90 °C, and the wetting properties contained liquid holdup, surface flow rate, film rate, average film thickness, and critical saturation time. The modified rigid collector surface exhibited excellent wetting properties at the operating temperatures. The fine particles collection performance compared among the MRC, the conventional rigid collector (CRC), and the flexible collector (FC) in the wet ESPs was investigated. The effects of the applied voltage, the water film, corona power, and the specific collecting area on the fine particles collection were evaluated. The modified rigid collector provided high fine particles collection effect with lower energy and water consumption.

Implications: To improve the submicron particles collection efficiency and decrease energy and water consumption, the formation of uniform water film over the collector surfaces has been widely studied. The modified rigid collector was modified by coating specific vinyl ester resin composites and loose glass fiber cloth (ERGF) over the conventional carbon steel (CCS) in a certain way. The modified rigid collector surface exhibited excellent wetting properties. The wet ESPs by the modified rigid collector exhibited significantly higher particles collection efficiency than by the conventional rigid collector.     

Water use sources of desert riparian Populus euphratica forests

Desert riparian forests are the main body of natural oases in the lower reaches of inland rivers; its growth and distribution are closely related to water use sources. However, how does the desert riparian forest obtains a stable water source and which water sources it uses to effectively avoid or overcome water stress to survive? This paper describes an analysis of the water sources, using the stable oxygen isotope technique and the linear mixed model of the isotopic values and of desert riparian Populus euphratica forests growing at sites with different groundwater depths and conditions. The results showed that the main water source of Populus euphratica changes from water in a single soil layer or groundwater to deep subsoil water and groundwater as the depth of groundwater increases. This appears to be an adaptive selection to arid and water-deficient conditions and is a primary reason for the long-term survival of P. euphratica in the desert riparian forest of an extremely arid region. Water contributions from the various soil layers and from groundwater differed and the desert riparian P. euphratica forests in different habitats had dissimilar water use strategies.     

嗜油铜绿假单胞菌的氮源优化

本文采用从油田污水中筛选出来的铜绿假单胞菌为菌种,以酵母膏为氮源,通过五组不同初始酵母膏浓度下的铜绿假单胞菌培养,对细胞吸光度、上清液吸光度、糖消耗率、界面张力等生长代谢参数的过程变化进行监测研究,确定铜绿假单胞菌以酵母膏为氮源的最优酵母膏浓度为2 g/L,其细胞吸光度、上清液吸光度最大值分别为1.80、0.54,糖浓度消耗率为0.13 g/(L·h),上清液-原油的界面张力最小值为0.34m N/m。     

重金属暴露铜锈环棱螺全组织均一化cDNA文库构建及表达序列标签特征分析

构建cDNA文库是寻找生物新功能基因的有效手段.采用SM ART技术构建了重金属铜和镉暴露铜锈环棱螺全组织均一化cDNA文库,文库库容为1.78×106克隆,重组率大于99%.从初始文库中随机挑取6000个克隆进行测序,获得5 473个高质量表达序列标签(ESTs)序列.经聚类分析得到3 961个Unigene(平均长...