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21.
Prevalence of Human Noroviruses in Frozen Marketed Shellfish,Red Fruits and Fresh Vegetables 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Julie Loutreul Catherine Cazeaux Delphine Levert Aline Nicolas Sandrine Vautier Anne Laure Le Sauvage Sylvie Perelle Thierry Morin 《Food and environmental virology》2014,6(3):157-168
Noroviruses (NoVs), currently recognised as the most common human food-borne pathogens, are ubiquitous in the environment and can be transmitted to humans through multiple foodstuffs. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of human NoV genogroups I (GI) and II (GII) in 493 food samples including soft red fruits (n = 200), salad vegetables (n = 210) and bivalve mollusc shellfish (n = 83), using the Bovine Enterovirus type 1 as process extraction control for the first time. Viral extractions were performed by elution concentration and genome detection by TaqMan Real-Time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR). Experimental contamination using hepatitis A virus (HAV) was used to determine the limit of detection (LOD) of the extraction methods. Positive detections were obtained from 2 g of digestive tissues of oysters or mussels kept for 16 h in seawater containing 2.0–2.7 log10 plaque-forming units (PFU)/L of HAV. For lettuces and raspberries, the LOD was, respectively, estimated at 2.2 and 2.9 log10 PFU per 25 g. Of the molluscs tested, 8.4 and 14.4 % were, respectively, positive for the presence of GI NoV and GII NoV RNA. Prevalence in GI NoVs varied from 11.9 % for the salad vegetables samples to 15.5 % for the red soft fruits. Only 0.5 % of the salad and red soft fruits samples were positive for GII NoVs. These results highlight the high occurrence of human NoVs in foodstuffs that can be eaten raw or after a moderate technological processing or treatment. The determination of the risk of infection associated with an RT-qPCR positive sample remains an important challenge for the future. 相似文献
22.
Romain Amiot Delphine Angst Serge Legendre Eric Buffetaut François Fourel Jan Adolfssen Aurore André Ana Voica Bojar Aurore Canoville Abel Barral Jean Goedert Stanislaw Halas Nao Kusuhashi Ekaterina Pestchevitskaya Kevin Rey Aurélien Royer Antônio Álamo Feitosa Saraiva Bérengère Savary-Sismondini Jean-Luc Siméon Alexandra Touzeau Zhonghe Zhou Christophe Lécuyer 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2017,104(5-6):47
Oxygen isotope compositions of bone phosphate (δ18Op) were measured in broiler chickens reared in 21 farms worldwide characterized by contrasted latitudes and local climates. These sedentary birds were raised during an approximately 3 to 4-month period, and local precipitation was the ultimate source of their drinking water. This sampling strategy allowed the relationship to be determined between the bone phosphate δ18Op values (from 9.8 to 22.5‰ V-SMOW) and the local rainfall δ18Ow values estimated from nearby IAEA/WMO stations (from ?16.0 to ?1.0‰ V-SMOW). Linear least square fitting of data provided the following isotopic fractionation equation: δ18Ow = 1.119 (±0.040) δ18Op ? 24.222 (±0.644); R 2 = 0.98. The δ18Op–δ18Ow couples of five extant mallard ducks, a common buzzard, a European herring gull, a common ostrich, and a greater rhea fall within the predicted range of the equation, indicating that the relationship established for extant chickens can also be applied to birds of various ecologies and body masses. Applied to published oxygen isotope compositions of Miocene and Pliocene penguins from Peru, this new equation computes estimates of local seawater similar to those previously calculated. Applied to the basal bird Confuciusornis from the Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China, our equation gives a slightly higher δ18Ow value compared to the previously estimated one, possibly as a result of lower body temperature. These data indicate that caution should be exercised when the relationship estimated for modern birds is applied to their basal counterparts that likely had a metabolism intermediate between that of their theropod dinosaur ancestors and that of advanced ornithurines. 相似文献
23.
Philippe Charron Delphine Héron Marcela Gargiulo Josué Feingold Jean-François Oury Pascale Richard Michel Komajda 《黑龙江环境通报》2004,24(9):701-703
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an autosomal dominant disease that may cause premature sudden death, especially in teenagers and young adults. The recent progress in the molecular genetics of the disease has made genetic testing sometimes available in clinical practice. We report the case of a couple who still requested prenatal molecular testing after detailed information had been given through a multidisciplinary consultation. Prenatal diagnosis in HCM is associated with complex medical and psychological implications, in addition to general ethical considerations, as the potential value of the diagnosis is counterbalanced by the highly variable expression of the disease and the difficulty in predicting its evolution. The R403L mutation in the MYH7 gene had been previously identified in this family, characterized by a malignant form of HCM. In the specific context of this case, we decided to agree to the request of the parents and performed the prenatal diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a prenatal molecular diagnosis performed in the context of HCM. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
24.
Toan Nguyen Solveig Heide Lucie Guilbaud Stéphanie Valence Saskia Vande Perre Eléonore Blondiaux Boris Keren Geneviève Quenum-Miraillet Jean-Marie Jouannic Laurent Mandelbrot Olivier Picone Agnès Guet Vassilis Tsatsaris Mathieu Milh Nadine Girard Marie Vincent Mathilde Nizon Céline Poirsier Alexandre Vivanti Alexandra Benachi Vincent des Portes Laurent Guibaud Olivier Patat Myrtille Spentchian Lisa Frugère Delphine Héron Catherine Garel 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(6):746-755
25.
Elise Huchard Alexandra Alvergne Delphine Féjan Leslie A. Knapp Guy Cowlishaw Michel Raymond 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(5):769-781
In mammals, fathers are facultative caretakers, and male care is expected to evolve only if it is directed towards related
young. Yet, in several promiscuous primate societies, males seem to care for infants despite a presumably low paternity confidence.
In cercopithecines, cohesive associations (‘friendships’) between a lactating female and an adult male are frequent and provide
the female and her infant with protection against various sources of aggression, including infanticide. However, the benefits
gained by males through such relationships remain unclear, in part, because the relatedness between males and their protected
infants has rarely been examined. Moreover, little is known about the nature of the cues underlying kin discrimination by
males in societies where females mate polyandrously. In this study, we combine behavioural and genetic data from wild chacma
baboons (Papio ursinus) in Namibia to investigate (1) whether males are related to their friend’s infant and (2) whether similarity between the
major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genotype of males and infants (potentially perceived through odour phenotype) favours
the establishment of friendships. We first show that males share close genetic ties with their friend’s infants, most often
by having sired the infant. Secondly, we find that male–infant MHC (Class II–DRB) similarity, in contrast to paternity, does not predict male–infant associations. Overall, our results clarify the nature
of the evolutionary benefits gained by males in these heterosexual associations, which can be considered as true paternal
care. However, the proximate mechanisms underlying paternity recognition remain to be identified. 相似文献
26.
Land take and food security: assessment of land take on the agricultural production in Europe 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ciro Gardi Panos Panagos Marc Van Liedekerke Claudio Bosco Delphine De Brogniez 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2015,58(5):898-912
Soil is a multifunctional, non-renewable natural resource for Europe as clearly expressed in the European Union (EU) Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection (COM (2006)231). Soil carries out multiple functions, including the support of food production. Urban development and its associated land take poses a major threat to soil and could have significant effects on agricultural production. This paper aims to evaluate the potential productivity losses in European agriculture due to land-take processes between 1990 and 2006. Agricultural land take was calculated using CORINE Land Cover maps of 1990, 2000 and 2006. For 21 of the 27 EU member states, agricultural land take was computed to be 752,973 ha for 1990–2000 and 436,095 ha for 2000–2006, representing 70.8% and 53.5%, respectively, of the total EU land take for these periods. The impact of this land take on the production capabilities of the agricultural sector for the period 1990–2006 for 19 of the 21 states was estimated to be equivalent to a loss of more than six million tonnes of wheat. The paper demonstrates that Europe's intense urbanisation has a direct impact on its capability to produce food. 相似文献
27.
28.
Delphine?PichonEmail author Valeria?Gaia Mark?D.?Norman Renata?Boucher-Rodoni 《Marine Biology》2005,147(6):1323-1332
Bacterial communities were identified from the accessory nidamental glands (ANGs) of European and Western Pacific squids of
the families Loliginidae and Idiosepiidae, as also in the egg capsules, embryo and yolk of two loliginid squid species, and
in the entire egg of one idiosepiid squid species. The results of phylogenetic analyses of 16S RNA gene (rDNA) confirmed that
several phylotypes of α-proteobacteria, γ-proteobacteria and Cytophaga–Flavobacteria–Bacteroides phylum were present as potential symbiotic associations within the ANGs. Several identified clones were related to reference
strains, while others had no known close relatives. Gram positive strains were rare in loliginid squids. Several bacterial
groups may play important roles in the function of the ANGs, such as production of the toxic compounds involved in egg protection
and carotenoid pigments. Within the eggs, no bacteria were associated with embryo or yolk of Loligo vulgaris and Sepioteuthis lessoniana, but α- and γ-proteobacteria were present in the egg capsules. Most bacterial strains detected in the egg capsules were the
same as those found in the ANGs. The cephalopods of temperate regions (European cuttlefishes and the squid L. vulgaris) appear to be associated with one Agrobacterium strain (Agro2) while tropical-subtropical strains (Asian and Australian loliginids) are associated with Silicibacter-related strains, suggesting a biogeographic clustering for the Agrobacterium-like strains. 相似文献
29.
Marie Maud Bear Delphine Mallarde Valérie Langlois Solo Randriamahefa Odile Bouvet Philippe Guerin 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1999,7(4):179-184
Sixteen Pseudomonas strains have been tested with a view to developing medium-chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates. Four strains were selected and it is shown that their ability for producing three different polyesters with variable properties was dependent on the strains and substrates. Otherwise, Pseudomonas oleovorans was grown on a mixture of sodium octanoate and undecenoate salts at a 90/10 mol/mol ratio. The corresponding copolymer, bearing lateral double bonds, was chemically modified in the carboxy group. Finally, the ability to tailor-make functional bacterial polyesters aimed at temporary therapeutic applications is demonstrated. 相似文献
30.
Olivier Hatem Sander Kamel Frank Jacques-Eric Jacques Thomas Johanna Alkan Delphine Martin 《Environmental Science & Policy》2009,12(5):619-630
Scenario-based approaches in environmental and policy assessment studies are increasingly applied within integrated assessment and modelling frameworks. The SEAMLESS project develops such an integrated framework (SEAMLESS-IF) aiming to assess, ex-ante, impacts of alternative agro-environmental policies on the sustainability of agricultural systems. A particular challenge in this context is the consistent translation of a wide range of policy questions into scenarios that a modelling framework can assess. The present work defines a methodology for scenario-development in integrated policy assessment with specific emphasis on SEAMLESS-IF. After a general overview on scenario concepts for integrated policy assessment the adopted scenario concept and its development procedure is presented. They allow building integrated scenarios capturing the range of drivers of the assessed agricultural system in a consistent way across temporal and spatial scales. Then focus is on the particular procedures to translate the policy assessment questions into scenario parameters and to implement these parameters into SEAMLESS-IF. Two examples targeted at European and regional level combining integrated assessments of policy changes and technological innovations are considered to illustrate the SEAMLESS scenario concept. We conclude that the proposed methodology to translate policy assessment problems into scenarios effectively supports integrated assessment in SEAMLESS-IF or even in other modelling frameworks. 相似文献