Bird species migration ratio in East Asia, Australia, and surrounding islands

Bird migration and its relationship with the contemporary environment have attracted long-term discussion. We calculated the avian migration ratio (the proportion of breeding species that migrate) in the areas from 70°E to 180°E and examined its relationship with the annual ranges of ambient temperature, primary productivity (estimated by the Enhanced Vegetation Index), and precipitation, along with island isolation and elevational range. The avian migration ratio increased with increasing latitude in general but varied greatly between the two hemispheres. Additionally, it showed minimal differences between continents and islands. Our analyses revealed that the seasonality of ambient temperature, which represents the energy expenditure of birds, is the dominant factor in determining bird species migration. Seasonality in primary productivity and other environmental factors play an indirect or limited role in bird species migration. The lower avian migration ratio in the Southern Hemisphere can be attributed to its paleogeographical isolation, stable paleoclimate, and warm contemporary environment. Under current trends of global warming, our findings should lead to further studies of the impact of warming on bird migration.     

新型ISTD反应器处理污水处理厂污泥的试验研究

针对传统的污泥处理方法存在消化时间长、投资及运行费用高、运行管理较复杂等问题,开发了污泥同时浓缩与消化——新型ISTD反应器,并对城市污水厂剩余污泥进行试验研究。试验结果表明:在30³5℃,COD有机负荷0.65 kg/(m3·d),水力停留时间5 d的条件下,有机物分解率为53.88%,排泥含水率为91.91%,出水SS平均为612 mg/L。     

电除尘器中水雾雾化特性及对除尘性能的影响

湿式电除尘器将水雾除尘与电除尘技术相结合,可以有效地对细颗粒物进行收集,抑制了二次扬尘的发生。通过研究电除尘器喷淋系统的雾化特性,以及不同供水压力对水雾荷电的影响,并测得其分级效率。研究结果表明:在供水压力为0.4 MPa时,湿式电除尘器的除尘效率大于99.5%;在喷雾粒径为100μm时,对10μm以下的细颗粒物除尘效率大于92%。通过分析,为湿式除尘器喷淋系统设计提供了依据。     

Formation of THMs and HANs during bromination of Microcystis aeruginosa

Bromine-contained disinfectants and biocides are widely used in swimming pools, recreational waters and cooling towers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the formation of thrihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetonitriles (HANs) and their cytotoxicity in algae solutions during free bromine disinfection. Disinfection by-products formation potential experiments were conducted using model solutions containing 7 mg/L (as total organic carbon) Microcystis aeruginosa cells. Effects of free bromine dosage, pH and ammonia were investigated. The results showed that brominated disinfection by-products were the major products when free bromine was applied. The total THMs formed during bromination was much as that formed during chlorination, whereas HANs were elevated by using bromination instead of chlorination. Dibromoacetonitrice (C2H2NBr2 ) and bromoform (CHBr3 ) were the only detected species during free bromine disinfection. The production of C2H2NBr2 and CHBr 3 increased with disinfectant dosage but decreased with dosing ammonia. CHBr3 increased with the pH changing from 5 to 9. However, C2H2NBr2 achieved the highest production at neutral pH, which was due to a joint effect of variation in hydrolysis rate and free bromine reactivity. The hydrolysis of C2H2NBr2 was base-catalytic and nearly unaffected by disinfectant. Finally, estimation of cytotoxicity of the disinfected algae solutions showed that HANs formation was responsible for the majority of toxicity. Considering its highest toxicity among the measured disinfection by-products, the elevated C2H2NBr2 should be considered when using bromine-related algaecide.     

Speciation of organic phosphorus in a sediment profile of Lake Taihu II. Molecular species and their depth attenuation

The understanding of organic phosphorus(P) dynamics in sediments requires information on their species at the molecular level,but such information in sediment profiles is scarce.A sediment profile was selected from a large eutrophic lake,Lake Taihu(China),and organic P species in the sediments were detected using solution phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(31 P NMR) following extraction of the sediments with a mixture of 0.25 mol/L NaOH and 50 mmol/L EDTA(NaOH-EDTA) solution.The results showed that P in the NaOH-EDTA extracts was mainly composed of orthophosphate,orthophosphate monoesters,phospholipids,DNA,and pyrophosphate.Concentrations of the major organic P compound groups and pyrophosphate showed a decreasing trend with the increase of depth.Their half-life times varied from 3 to 27 years,following the order of orthophosphate monoesters > phospholipids DNA > pyrophosphate.Principal component analysis revealed that the detected organic P species had binding phases similar to those of humic acid-associated organic P(NaOH-NRP HA),a labile organic P pool that tends to transform to recalcitrant organic P pools as the early diagenetic processes proceed.This demonstrated that the depth attenuation of the organic P species could be partly attributed to their increasing immobilization by the sediment solids,while their degradation rates should be significantly lower than what were suggested in previous studies.     

风力发电项目现状与发展趋势

随着风力发电技术的不断发展,风力发电已成为我国重点发展的可再生能源产业。而作为用源大户的电力行业在低碳经济中占有重要地位。由于风能具有无污染,可再生,蕴量巨大等优点,发展和利用风能等可再生资源已经成为国际电力发展的大趋势,所以风能发电在未来必然会具有广阔的前景。本文就风力发电现状及未来趋势进行探索。     

2009—2011年包头市大气中颗粒物浓度分析

本文通过对内蒙古包头市2009—2011年PM10浓度和TSP浓度的测定,分析了大气中颗粒物浓度的含量状况。结果表明：2009年3月到9月份之间,出现6次沙尘天气,并且颗粒物浓度超过大气空气质量三级标准,其中最严重的一次PM10浓度达到1．147mg／m^3。PM10浓度一天的变化中,在下午5时和晚间10时达到两个峰值,分别是1．608mg／m^3和1．882mg／m^3。2010年中十一月份的TSP日平均浓度较高,比八月份TSP浓度高7倍。2011年春季空气中颗粒物污染较重,在沙尘天气发生期间,颗粒物浓度含量较高     

电化学强化低能耗废水生物处理技术研究

以碳布为阴阳极材料构建一种新型的生物电化学系统（BES）,研究该系统在不曝气条件下对城市污水的处理效果,并与传统的厌氧和好氧处理方法进行比较。结果表明,该BES处理城市污水是可行的,与传统曝气法相比能够显著降低能耗。在进水CODcr,为350mg／L、NH3-N为15mg／L、水力停留时间（HRT）为24h时,电化学强化生物处理系统对CODcr和NH3-N的去除率达84％和80％,优于同等条件下的厌氧、好氧生物处理方法。BES的输出电压最高为211mV。     

输变电工程电磁辐射污染的初步探讨

为了解输变电工程对周边环境的影响,对南阳地区某110 kV输变电工程进行实地监测。结果表明,工频电场、工频磁场和无线电干扰远远低于国家相关标准限值,而且随着距离的递增呈衰减趋势。然而监测往往选在"好天气"的时间进行,不能反映"坏天气"的实际状况。结合输变电工程环境影响评价的实际工作经验,分析电磁污染和公众参与现状,发现问题并提出建议。     

纳氏试剂分光光度法测定水质氨氮不确定度的评估

本文对采用纳氏试剂分光光度法（HJ535-2009）测定水中氨氮的实验过程可能引入的各不确定分量的来源进行了详细的分析,然后对各分量进行评定,对测定不确定度做出评估。得出影响测定结果的几种重要因素。