包头市地下饮用水源地污染现状分析和评价及污染防治措施

本文根据包头市四市区地下饮用水源地调查结果,进行了环境质量现状评价,为了保护地下饮用水源地,提出污染防治措施。     

壳聚糖接枝共聚物在污泥脱水中的应用研究

以壳聚糖为原料,通过接枝共聚反应分别合成壳聚糖-AM-DMDAAC,壳聚糖-AM,壳聚糖-AA三种不同类型的天然改性高分子絮凝剂.对活性污泥脱水性能的研究结果表明,与其它两种壳聚糖接枝共聚物相比,壳聚糖-AM-DMDAAC阳离子型接枝共聚物是适合污泥脱水的良好絮凝剂.对于100 mL污泥,当污泥pH值为6.00,投药量为20 mg/L,真空度0.05 MPa下,阳离子型壳聚糖接枝共聚物真空抽滤1 min的滤液体积可达到70 mL,抽滤 5 min 后,可将污泥含水率从95.4%降低到86.4%,脱水效果优于其它几种常用的污泥脱水剂.     

电梯层门机械强度的探讨

层门机械强度是电梯层门的一项重要特性,层门机械强度不足时门扇受力后容易产生较大变形甚至脱落,造成人员坠落井道的伤亡事故。本文对国内外电梯标准t层门机械强度要求条文进行了解析,基于国家标准中层门机械强度的规定,通过试验方法进行测试验证,指出国家现有标准中关于层门机械强度要求的不足之处。在此基础上,提出适合于我国的提高电梯层门机械强度的措施和方法,以期提升我国在用电梯层门的安全性。     

A land use regression for predicting NO2 and PM10 concentrations in di erent seasons in Tianjin region, China

Land use regression (LUR) model was employed to predict the spatial concentration distribution of NO2 and PM10 in the Tianjin region based on the environmental air quality monitoring data. Four multiple linear regression (MLR) equations were established based on the most significant variables for NO2 in heating season (R2 = 0.74), and non-heating season (R2 = 0.61) in the whole study area; and PM10 in heating season (R2 = 0.72), and non-heating season (R2 = 0.49). Maps of spatial concentration distribution for NO2 and PM10 were obtained based on the MLR equations (resolution is 10 km). Intercepts of MLR equations were 0.050 (NO2, heating season), 0.035 (NO2, non-heating season), 0.068 (PM10, heating season), and 0.092 (PM10, non-heating season) in the whole study area. In the central area of Tianjin region, the intercepts were 0.042 (NO2, heating season), 0.043 (NO2, non-heating season), 0.087 (PM10, heating season), and 0.096 (PM10, non-heating season). These intercept values might imply an area’s background concentrations. Predicted result derived from LUR model in the central area was better than that in the whole study area. R2 values increased 0.09 (heating season) and 0.18 (non-heating season) for NO2, and 0.08 (heating season) and 0.04 (non-heating season) for PM10. In terms of R2, LUR model performed more e ectively in heating season than non-heating season in the study area and gave a better result for NO2 compared with PM10.     

Characterization of personal exposure concentration of fine particles for adults and children exposed to high ambient concentrations in Beijing, China

In China, the health risk from overexposure to particles is becoming an important public health concern. To investigate daily exposure characteristics to PM 2.5 with high ambient concentration in urban area, a personal exposure study was conducted for school children, and office workers in Beijing, China. For all participants (N = 114), the mean personal 24-hr exposure concentration was 102.5, 14.7, 0.093, 0.528, 0.934, 0.174 and 0.703 μg/m 3 for PM 2.5 , black carbon, Mn, Al, Ca, Pb, and Fe. Children's exposure concentrations of PM 2.5 were 4-5 times higher than those in related studies. The ambient concentration of PM 2.5 (128.5 μg/m 3 ) was significantly higher than the personal exposure concentration (P 0.05), and exceed the reference concentration (25 μg/m 3 ) of WHO air quality guideline. Good correlation relationships and significant differences were identified between ambient concentration and personal exposure concentration. The relationships indicate that the ambient concentration is the main factor influencing personal exposure concentration, but is not a good indicator of personal exposure concentration. Outdoor activities (commute mode, exposure to heating, workday or weekend travel) influenced personal exposure concentrations significantly, but the magnitude of the influence from indoor activities (exposure to cooking) was masked by the high ambient concentrations.     

徐州市生态市建设存在的问题及对策探讨

分析了徐州市在建设生态城市中所面临的问题,从生态环境的管理和保护、循环经济的发展、城市基础设施的改造、城市绿化系统的建设等方面提出了相应的建议和措施,为生态城市的建设提供依据和借鉴。     

重庆主城区流域邻苯二甲酸酯生态风险评价

以长江、嘉陵江重庆主城区段为研究水域,利用Agilent6890N气相色谱仪对丰水期该研究水域12个采样点水体中五种邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）含量进行测定,分析了PAEs在该区域水体中丰水期的分布特征并进行了生态安全评价。结果表明：丰水期水体中∑PAEs的浓度范围为0.87μg/L-55.66μg/L;DBP与DEHP为优先污染物,其浓度范围在0.15μg/L-28.32μg/L与0.26μg/L-26.29μg/L;按商值法对PAEs进行生态安全评价,DMP、DEP对该水域中水生动植物无生态风险,DBP和DEHP存在潜在低风险。     

汽车尾气中多环芳烃(PAHs)成分谱图研究

采集并测定了不同型号、油品、里程数的汽车尾气中14种多环芳烃,对分析结果归一化处理后确定其多环芳烃成分谱图.研究表明,汽车在30rmin内排放的14种PAHs总浓度为41.53～121.1μg/m³;其中苯并(a)蒽(BaA)浓度最大,占总量的33.3%;萘(Naph)、苯并(ghi) (Bghip)、茚(1,2,3-cd)芘(In)分别为16.8%、12.9%和12.1%.相同里程数的柴油车排放PAHs总量大于汽油车;除BaA和Naph,柴油车主要排放苊(Ac)、芴(Fluor)、Bghip和In,而汽油车主要排放Bghip、In、苯并(k)荧蒽(BkF).柴油车排放3环PAHs的量大于汽油车,但5～6环PAHs的排放量小于汽油车;随着汽车里程数的增加,PAHs(特别是荧蒽(Flur)、芘(Py)、苯并(a)芘(BaP)、Bghip)的排放总量增加.     

山西农田土壤交换性镁含量、分布特征及其与土壤化学性质的关系

采用田间调查与室内分析相结合的方法,研究了山西省农田土壤交换性镁(Mg)含量、分布特征及其与土壤主要化学性质的关系。结果表明,山西省主要农田土壤(0~20 cm)交换性镁含量平均为255.1 mg/kg,变幅为78.1~641.8 mg/kg,其中85%的土壤交换性镁含量在100~400 mg/kg之间,随地区不同而异。土壤剖面(0~100 cm)交换性镁含量为78.1~717 mg/kg,其含量随土壤层次加深呈现出增加的趋势。不同类型土壤交换性镁含量高低依次为潮土>褐土>栗褐土>石灰性褐土>黄绵土>褐土性土。土壤交换性镁含量与土壤pH值、EC值、有机质含量和碱解氮含量呈显著线性正相关,与K/Mg呈显著线性负相关,与全磷含量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量和Ca/Mg呈显著的曲线关系。