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91.
In order to provide support for the discussion of the fate of organic matter in estuaries, a laboratory simulation was performed by changing freshwater ionic strength, pH and organic matter content. The change in spectroscopic characteristics caused by variations in salinity, pH and organic matter concentration in the filtered samples was observed by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The increase in emission fluorescence intensity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) due to increasing salinity (in the range 0 to 5 g l-1) is affected by the pH of the samples. The emission fluorescence intensity at the three maxima observed in the fluorescence spectra, is linearly correlated with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration at several salinity values in the same sample. The increase in organic matter concentration caused a shift in the emission peak wavelength at 410 nm for several salinity values. We concluded that it is necessary to take into account the influence of salinity and pH on emission fluorescence of dissolved organic matter if it is to be used as a tracer in estuarine or near shore areas. 相似文献
92.
Iris E. Hendriks Tjeerd J. Bouma Edward P. Morris Carlos M. Duarte 《Marine Biology》2010,157(3):473-481
The widespread decline of seagrass beds within the Mediterranean often results in the replacement of seagrasses by opportunistic
green algae of the Caulerpa family. Because Caulerpa beds have a different height, stiffness and density compared to seagrasses, these changes in habitat type modify the interaction
of the seafloor with hydrodynamics, influencing key processes such as sediment resuspension and particle trapping. Here, we
compare the effects on hydrodynamics and particle trapping of Caulerpa taxifolia, C. racemosa, and C. prolifera with the Mediterranean seagrasses Cymodocea nodosa and Posidonia oceanica. All macrophyte canopies reduced near-bed volumetric flow rates compared to bare sediment, vertical profiles of turbulent
kinetic energy revealed peak values around the top of the canopies, and maximum values of Reynolds stress increased by a factor
of between 1.4 (C. nodosa) and 324.1 (P. oceanica) when vegetation was present. All canopies enhanced particle retention rates compared to bare sediment. The experimental
C. prolifera canopy was the most effective at particle retention (m2 habitat); however, C. racemosa had the largest particle retention capacity per structure surface area. Hence, in terms of enhancing particle trapping and
reducing hydrodynamic forces at the sediment surface, Caulerpa beds provided a similar or enhanced function compared to P.oceanica and C. nodosa. However, strong seasonality in the leaf area index of C. racemosa and C. taxifolia within the Mediterranean, combined with a weak rhizome structure, suggests that sediments maybe unprotected during winter
storms, when most erosion occurs. Hence, replacement of seagrass beds with Caulerpa is likely to have a major influence on annual sediment dynamics at ecosystem scales. 相似文献
93.
C. A. Richardson H. Kennedy C. M. Duarte D. P. Kennedy S. V. Proud 《Marine Biology》1999,133(2):205-212
The calcitic and aragonitic shell of the fan mussel Pinna nobilis L. contains a record of the environmental changes experienced during its growth. Stable-isotope analyses of oxygen (18O:16O) in shell carbonate from the calcitic outer shell-layer have been used to validate the periodicity of clearly defined concentric
rings on the aragonitic posterior adductor-muscle scar and to estimate the age and growth of fan mussels growing in Posidonia oceanica (L.) meadows at four locations on the south-east Spanish Mediterranean coast. The stable oxygen-isotope records obtained
at intervals along a profile across the shell surface enabled seasonal changes in water temperature to be established, and
hence seasonal patterns of shell growth to be inferred. Muscle-scar rings were found to be deposited annually in the shell
in the spring and early summer (a period of increasing water temperatures), and represent an interruption in the migration
of the posterior adductor muscle along the inner surface of the shell. In small pinnids (<25 cm) accretion of the shell is
rapid during the first year, but in the second year it is distinctly slower than at the same time the previous year. This
slowing down in growth during the second year coincides with the appearance of the “first” distinct muscle-scar ring, indicating
that Pinna nobilis does not form a muscle-scar ring during its first year of shell growth. Maximum growth rates were recorded amongst pinnids
from Carboneras, where they achieved a length of 59 cm in 8 yr, whilst those from Aguamarga were estimated to be the oldest
(attaining a length of 45 cm in 13 yr).
Received: 26 January 1998 / Accepted: 8 October 1998 相似文献
94.
de Oliveira Maria Rayane Correia de Lima Silva Maria Gabriely Alcântara Isabel Sousa Filho Jaime Ribeiro Tintino Cícera Datiane de Morais Oliveira Magalhães Francisco Ernani Alves Martins Anita Oliveira Brito Pereira Bezerra Pessoa Renata Torres Duarte Antonia Eliene da Costa José Galberto Martins de Lima Sidney Gonçalo Coutinho Henrique Douglas Melo Capasso Raffaele de Menezes Irwin Rose Alencar 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(10):14958-14981
Environment, Development and Sustainability - This work aimed to analyze the chemical composition and evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of the essential oil obtained... 相似文献
95.
La Fuente Carla I. A. de Souza Andressa Tamyris Tadini Carmen C. Augusto Pedro Esteves Duarte 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2021,29(6):1908-1920
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - In this study cassava starch modified by ozone technology and cellulose nanofibres were used to produce films. These nanocomposites were produced by... 相似文献
96.
Bruno de S. Guimarães Natiele Kleemann Sergiane S. Caldas Fabiane P. Costa Maria A. K. Silveira Fabio A. Duarte Ednei G. Primel 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(1):584-592
A Fenton oxidation system employing zero-valent iron (whose source was swarf, a residue of metallurgical industries, in powder form) and hydrogen peroxide for the treatment of an aqueous solution with six pesticides was developed, and the effect of the iron metal content, pH, and hydrogen peroxide concentration was evaluated. The characterization of the aqueous solution resulted in: pH 5.6, 105 mg L?1 of dissolved organic carbon, and 44.6 NTU turbidity. In addition, the characterization of the swarf by FAAS and ICP-MS showed 98.43?±?7.40 % of zero-valent iron. The removal was strongly affected by the content of iron metal, pH, and hydrogen peroxide concentration. The best degradation conditions were 2.0 g swarf, pH 2.0, and 5 mmol L?1 H2O2. At the end of the treatment, the pesticide degradation ranged from 60 to 100 %, leading to 55 % mineralization. Besides, all hydrogen peroxide was consumed and the determination of total dissolved iron resulted in 2 mg L?1. Thus, the advantages of this system are rapid degradation (up to 20 min), high-degradation rates, simple handling, and low cost. Figure
A Fenton oxidation system employing Fe0 (in which the source of Fe0 was swarf, a residue in powder form of metallurgical industries) and H2O2 for the degradation of synthetic wastewater comprising six pesticides was developed, and the effect of the amount of Fe0, pH, and H2O2 concentration was evaluated. 相似文献
97.
98.
99.
Renata Alexandra Ferreira Joana Gouveia Duarte Pompilio Vergine Carlos D. Antunes Filipe Freire Susete Martins-Dias 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(16):9626-9643
The role of Phragmites sp. in phytoremediation of wastewaters containing azo dyes is still, in many ways, at its initial stage of investigation. This plant response to the long-term exposure to a highly conjugated di-azo dye (Direct Red 81, DR81) was assessed using a vertical flow constructed wetland, at pilot scale. A reed bed fed with water was used as control. Changes in photosynthetic pigment content in response to the plant contact with synthetic DR81 effluent highlight Phragmites plasticity. Phragmites leaf enzymatic system responded rapidly to the stress imposed; in general, within 1 day, the up-regulation of foliar reactive oxygen species-scavenging enzymes (especially superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and peroxidase) was noticed as plants entered in contact with synthetic DR81 effluent. This prompt activation decreased the endogenous levels of H2O2 and the malonyldialdehyde content beyond reference values. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity intensification was not enough to cope with stress imposed by DR81. GPX activity was pivotal for the detoxification pathways after a 24-h exposure. Carotenoid pool was depleted during this shock. After the imposed DR81 stress, plants were harvested. In the next vegetative cycle, Phragmites had already recovered from the chemical stress. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlights the role of GPX, GST, APX, and carotenoids along catalase (CAT) in the detoxification process. 相似文献
100.
Naser A. Anjum Armando C. Duarte Eduarda Pereira Iqbal Ahmad 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(10):6652-6661
This study assessed the oxidative stress status, antioxidant metabolism and polypeptide patterns in salt marsh macrophyte Juncus maritimus shoots exhibiting differential mercury burdens in Ria de Aveiro coastal lagoon at reference and the sites with highest, moderate and the lowest mercury contamination. In order to achieve these goals, shoot-mercury burden and the responses of representative oxidative stress indices, and the components of both non-glutathione- and glutathione-based H2O2-metabolizing systems were analyzed and cross-talked with shoot-polypeptide patterns. Compared to the reference site, significant elevations in J. maritimus shoot mercury and the oxidative stress indices such as H2O2, lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage and reactive carbonyls were maximum at the site with highest followed by moderate and the lowest mercury contamination. Significantly elevated activity of non-glutathione-based H2O2-metabolizing enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase and catalase accompanied the studied damage-endpoint responses, whereas the activity of glutathione-based H2O2-scavenging enzymes glutathione peroxidase and glutathione sulfo-transferase was inhibited. Concomitantly, significantly enhanced glutathione reductase activity and the contents of both reduced and oxidized glutathione were perceptible in high mercury-exhibiting shoots. It is inferred that high mercury-accrued elevations in oxidative stress indices were obvious, where non-glutathione-based H2O2-decomposing enzyme system was dominant over the glutathione-based H2O2-scavenging enzyme system. In particular, the glutathione-based H2O2-scavenging system failed to coordinate with elevated glutathione reductase which in turn resulted into increased pool of oxidized glutathione and the ratio of oxidized glutathione-to-reduced glutathione. The substantiation of the studied oxidative stress indices and antioxidant metabolism with approximately 53-kDa polypeptide warrants further studies. 相似文献