全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1263篇 |
免费 | 18篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 28篇 |
废物处理 | 73篇 |
环保管理 | 130篇 |
综合类 | 205篇 |
基础理论 | 233篇 |
环境理论 | 2篇 |
污染及防治 | 402篇 |
评价与监测 | 130篇 |
社会与环境 | 69篇 |
灾害及防治 | 13篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 30篇 |
2021年 | 37篇 |
2020年 | 21篇 |
2019年 | 21篇 |
2018年 | 55篇 |
2017年 | 35篇 |
2016年 | 62篇 |
2015年 | 51篇 |
2014年 | 60篇 |
2013年 | 117篇 |
2012年 | 56篇 |
2011年 | 80篇 |
2010年 | 60篇 |
2009年 | 36篇 |
2008年 | 83篇 |
2007年 | 80篇 |
2006年 | 61篇 |
2005年 | 37篇 |
2004年 | 44篇 |
2003年 | 39篇 |
2002年 | 34篇 |
2001年 | 22篇 |
2000年 | 21篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
1962年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1285条查询结果,搜索用时 718 毫秒
101.
Urban sprawl is a major issue for sustainable development. It represents a significant contribution to energy consumption of a territory especially due to transportation requirements. However, transport energy consumption is rarely taken into account when the sustainability of suburban structures is studied. In this context, the paper presents a method to estimate transport energy consumption in residential suburban areas. The study aimed, on this basis, at highlighting the most efficient strategies needed to promote awareness and to give practical hints on how to reduce transport energy consumption linked to urban sprawl in existing and future suburban neighborhoods. The method uses data collected by using empirical surveys and GIS. An application of this method is presented concerning the comparison of four suburban districts located in Belgium to demonstrate the advantages of the approach. The influence of several parameters, such as distance to work places and services, use of public transport and performance of the vehicles, are then discussed to allow a range of different development situations to be explored. The results of the case studies highlight that traveled distances, and thus a good mix between activities at the living area scale, are of primordial importance for the energy performance, whereas means of transport used is only of little impact. Improving the performance of the vehicles and favoring home-work give also significant energy savings. The method can be used when planning new areas or retrofitting existing ones, as well as promoting more sustainable lifestyles regarding transport habits. 相似文献
102.
The planning and management of coastal sites in Catalonia has been mainly concerned with rendering beaches functional for
mass frequentation. This has caused serious problems for the beaches, including the alteration of dune formation processes
and the destruction of beach vegetation and habitats. Municipal capacity to plan and manage beaches is theoretically very
limited and relegated to the design of plans related to the maintenance of facilities for beach users. Nonetheless, a singular
experience, led by a local council in the metropolitan area of Barcelona demonstrates the crucial role that a local administration
can play in achieving a balance between habitat preservation and social use based on sustainable coastal management objectives,
in spite of a restrictive legislation. 相似文献
103.
104.
Contribution of Spartina maritima to the reduction of eutrophication in estuarine systems 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sousa AI Lillebø AI Caçador I Pardal MA 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):628-635
Salt marshes are among the most productive ecosystems in the world, performing important ecosystem functions, particularly nutrient recycling. In this study, a comparison is made between Mondego and Tagus estuaries in relation to the role of Spartina maritima in nitrogen retention capacity and cycling. Two mono-specific S. maritima stands per estuary were studied during 1 yr (biomass, nitrogen (N) pools, litter production, decomposition rates). Results showed that the oldest Tagus salt marsh population presented higher annual belowground biomass and N productions, and a slower decomposition rate for litter, contributing to the higher N accumulation in the sediment, whereas S. maritima younger marshes had higher aboveground biomass production. Detritus moved by tides represented a huge amount of aboveground production, probably significant when considering the N balance of these salt marshes. Results reinforce the functions of salt marshes as contributing to a reduction of eutrophication in transitional waters, namely through sedimentation processes. 相似文献
105.
Vincent Careau Jean-François Giroux Dominique Berteaux 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,62(1):87-96
Food-hoarding animals are expected to preferentially cache items with lower perishability and/or higher consumption time.
We observed arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) foraging in a greater snow goose (Anser caerulescens atlanticus) colony where the main prey of foxes consisted of goose eggs, goslings, and lemmings (Lemmus and Dicrostonyx spp.). We recorded the number of prey consumed and cached and the time that foxes invested in these activities. Foxes took
more time to consume a goose egg than a lemming or gosling but cached a greater proportion of eggs than the other prey type.
This may be caused by the eggshell, which presumably decreases the perishability and/or pilfering risk of cached eggs, but
also increases egg consumption time. Arctic foxes usually recached goose eggs but rarely recached goslings or lemmings. We
tested whether the rapid-sequestering hypothesis could explain this recaching behavior. According to this hypothesis, arctic
foxes may adopt a two-stage strategy allowing both to maximize egg acquisition rate in an undefended nest and subsequently
secure eggs in potentially safer sites. Foxes spent more time carrying an egg and traveled greater distances when establishing
a secondary than a primary cache. To gain further information on the location and subsequent fate of cached eggs, we used
dummy eggs containing radio transmitters. Lifespan of primary caches increased with distance from the goose nest. Secondary
caches were generally located farther from the nest and had a longer lifespan than primary caches. Behavioral observations
and the radio-tagged egg technique both gave results supporting the rapid-sequestering hypothesis. 相似文献
106.
Beatriz Arroyo François Mougeot Vincent Bretagnolle 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2001,50(2):109-115
We assessed whether colonial breeding allows individuals to decrease their investment in predator defence, by presenting decoys of owls, foxes and crows to Montagu's harrier, Circus pygargus. Decoy detection increased with colony size, as did the number of individuals mobbing the decoy. The number of mobbers was greater for predators potentially risky for the adults (owl or fox) than for non-dangerous predators (crow). Recruits (breeding neighbours, fledglings and non-breeders) were present a lower percentage of the time, and attacked and alarm called less frequently than tested individuals. Nevertheless, the overall attack rate on the predator increased with the number of mobbers. When the size of the mobbing group increased, individuals were more likely to attack predators that represented a risk for adults, but did so less intensively and with a lower frequency of close dives. Thus, coloniality decreased the individual costs of defence in terms of risk taken, whilst enhancing defence efficacy. Birds alarm called more intensively when presented with dangerous predators than with the crow. The number of recruits significantly increased with increasing alarm rate of the tested individuals, even when taking colony size into account. Furthermore, the alarm rate of the tested birds also had a significant effect on the proportion of recruits that engaged in attacks against dangerous predators but not against the crow. The higher recruitment and attack rates for dangerous predators were thus apparently modulated through alarm calling. We discuss whether tested birds may manipulate recruits' behaviour to lessen their own risk. 相似文献
107.
de Nazelle A Nieuwenhuijsen MJ Antó JM Brauer M Briggs D Braun-Fahrlander C Cavill N Cooper AR Desqueyroux H Fruin S Hoek G Panis LI Janssen N Jerrett M Joffe M Andersen ZJ van Kempen E Kingham S Kubesch N Leyden KM Marshall JD Matamala J Mellios G Mendez M Nassif H Ogilvie D Peiró R Pérez K Rabl A Ragettli M Rodríguez D Rojas D Ruiz P Sallis JF Terwoert J Toussaint JF Tuomisto J Zuurbier M Lebret E 《Environment international》2011,37(4):766-777
108.
Nelzair A. Vianna Daniel Gonçalves Flavia Brandão Roberta P. de Barros Gilberto M. Amado Filho Rodrigo O. Meire João Paulo M. Torres Olaf Malm Argemiro D’Oliveira Júnior Leonardo R. Andrade 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(3):416-427
Purpose
The aims of this paper were to quantify the heavy metals (HM) in the air of different sites in Rio de Janeiro (RJ) and Salvador (SA) using Tillandsia usneoides (Bromeliaceae) as a biomonitor, and to study the morphology and elemental composition of the air particulate matter (PM) retained on the Tillandsia surface. 相似文献109.
110.
Karl Ceulemans Steven Compernolle Jozef Peeters Jean-François Müller 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(40):5434-5442
BOREAM, a detailed model for the gas-phase oxidation of α-pinene and its subsequent formation of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA), is tested against a large set of SOA yield measurements obtained in dark ozonolysis experiments. For the majority of experiments, modelled SOA yields are found to agree with measured yields to within a factor 2. However, the comparisons point to a general underestimation of modelled SOA yields at high temperatures (above 30 °C), reaching an order of magnitude or more in the worst cases, whereas modelled SOA yields are often overestimated at lower temperature (by a factor of about 2). Comparisons of results obtained using four different vapour pressure prediction methods indicate a strong sensitivity to the choice of the method, although the overestimated temperature dependence of the yields is found in all cases. Accounting for non-ideality of the aerosol mixture (based on an adapted UNIFAC method) has significant effects, especially at low yields. Our simulations show that the formation of oligomers through the gas-phase reactions of Stabilised Criegee Intermediates (SCI) with other molecular organic products could increase the SOA yield significantly only at very low relative humidity (below 1%). Further tests show that the agreement between model and measurements is improved when the ozonolysis mechanism includes additional production of non-volatile compounds. 相似文献