蚯蚓处理对污泥中微生物碳量及脱氢酶活性的影响

将含水率80.6%的脱水污泥制成5 mm的污泥颗粒,以添加蚯蚓(赤子爱胜蚓)为处理组,无蚯蚓为对照组,测定不同时期污泥的理化性质、微生物碳量(MBC)和脱氢酶活性(DHA)的变化,重点研究了蚯蚓对污泥降解过程中MBC和DHA变化的影响.结果表明,相比对照组,蚯蚓处理组p H变化幅度较小;实验结束时,蚯蚓处理组的电导率(EC)和溶解性有机碳(DOC)显著高于对照组,而有机质(OM)显著低于对照组.实验前30 d,蚯蚓处理组MBC显著高于对照组,40 d至实验结束,蚯蚓处理组MBC显著低于对照组.DHA的结果表明,蚯蚓处理组和对照组在前30 d并没有显著性差异,40 d后蚯蚓处理组的DHA显著低于对照组,DHA稳定在2.98~6.40 mg·g-1·h-1(以TPF计).相关分析表明,DHA、MBC和OM之间显著正相关.研究表明,接种蚯蚓在实验前期显著提升了系统的微生物量,加快污泥有机质的降解,从而导致后期产物的微生物量及其活性较低,最终产物更稳定.     

Competition gives way to cooperation: rethinking Sino-Indian relations in climate change negotiations

In global climate change politics, China and India have worked closely with each other, representing two big emitters from the developing world. This article reviews Sino-Indian cooperation during four UN climate change negotiations from 2009 to 2012. Their collaboration echoed the perception of neorealism in international relations (IR) studies that states will seek “external balancing” for maximizing national “relative gains”. China and India are expected to continue their cooperation on climate change issues when sharing the same structural position as big economies and big emitters, the same pressure in carbon emission reductions, and the same goal of improving living standards for their citizens. Encountering the devastating impacts of climate change and the deadlock in responsibility division in current global climate change governance, this work seeks to shed light on the evolving multilateral governance environment and its complex implications for Sino-Indian relations from an IR perspective.     

二安替比林卤代苯基甲烷衍生物与锰显色反应研究

合成了６个二安替比林卤代苯基甲烷衍生物，研究了它们和锰的显色反应规律，提出了该类试剂的一些新用途，显示了其良好的应用前景。     

可降解塑料生物降解性测试方法研究

通过对３种可陈解塑料生物降解性测试方法进行的实验研究，分析了各种方法的优缺点，对将来开发合理可行的标准测试方法提出了建议。     

Anthropogenic Calcium Particles Observed in Beijing and Qingdao, China

Analysis of individual particles collected at Beijing in northern China revealed that particles abundant in calcium (Ca) always constituted a large fraction of mineral particles in the urban atmosphere. The particles were characterized by cubic morphologies. The major mineral element in the particles was Ca and few or no other mineral elements were detected. A large number of the particles were in the range of diameter <1 μm, where common natural mineral particles were rarely detected. The contribution of the Ca particles to the volume of total mineral particles greatly exceeded that of other mineral particles during non-dust-storm periods and was comparable to that during dust-storm periods. Reagent film tests showed that particulate sulfate and nitrate formation on the Ca particles was similar to that on common mineral particles. These results indicate that a large portion of Ca in the atmospheric particulate matter in Beijing was from anthropogenic sources rather than from natural sources, and the anthropogenic Ca particles acted as a significant medium for the formation of sulfate and nitrate. Similar particles were also detected at Qingdao, a coastal city in northern China. Data of a dust storm event showed that Ca-abundant particles from East China arrived there and moved out of the continent, similarly to Asian dust storm particles, suggesting possible contributions of anthropogenic Ca even in Asian dust storm samples in the downstream areas. Therefore, Ca may not be a good indicator of Asian dust from natural sources. However, the Ca particles, due to their unique shapes and elemental compositions, may provide an indicator for the atmospheric dispersion of anthropogenic particulate matters in East Asia.     

基于实验模态研究的新型节流降压喷注复合消声器

针对节流降压小孔喷注复合消声器进行实验模态研究。由采集力的激励信号和响应信号,对其进行传递函数分析,寻找消声器所有的模态频率和模态振型。这些频率避开了噪声的峰值频率,消声器不易发生共振,抑制噪声辐射,延长消声器的使用寿命。它对寻找消声器的实际特性,设计性能优良的新型消声器提供可靠的参考依据。     

Efficient purification of Al30 by organic complexation method

A method was developed for preparing high purity Al₃₀O₈(OH)₅₆(H₂O)₂₄^18 + (Al₃₀) through elimination of impurities by complexation. Polyaluminum chloride II (PAC₃₀) with Al_c content of 75% was adopted as the source of Al₃₀. The PAC₃₀ was prepared under conditions of total aluminum concentration 0.1?mol/L and OH^?/Al ratio 2.2 to obtain the highest content of Al₃₀. A precipitation/metathesis method, organic solvent precipitation method and organic complexation method were examined to separate and purify Al₃₀. It was found that only by the organic complexation method could high purity Al₃₀ products be obtained in large yield economically. In the experiments, benzoic acid was used as the coordinating reagent to decompose the main impurity AlO₄Al₁₂(OH)₂₄(H₂O)₁₂^7 + (Al₁₃), and the Al₃₀ product could be obtained by precipitation and metathesis operations. It was noteworthy that the decomposition of impurities by benzoic acid could be completed in 2?hr. The Al₃₀ product was characterized by Ferron assay, ²⁷Al-NMR, SEM, XRD and TGA. The results showed that the purity of the Al₃₀ product could exceed 92%.     

环境污染型城市土地集约利用研究——以淮北市为例

土地集约利用是实现环境污染型城市可绿色持续发展的重要途径,同时也是中国建设生态文明的重要手段.文章以安徽省典型的环境污染型城市淮北市为例.依据淮北市的经济发展状况和土地利用现状,从经济、社会、生态三个角度构建评价指标体系,采用熵值法对权重进行确定,并采用多因素评价法对该区域2006年-2015年土地集约利用程度进行研究与评价.结果表明:2006年-2015年淮北市土地集约利用程度呈波动上升的趋势,其中,2006年-2010年淮北市土地利用呈不集约状态,2011年-2015年,集约利用土地水平由不集约逐渐转变为中度集约.政策的变化、产业结构的优化升级以及环境的治理提高了研究区域集约利用土地水平,并在此基础上提出三点建议.     

冷排水中余氯对鱼类毒理效应和资源损失量估算方法的研究

在实验室条件下模拟某液化天然气(liquefied natural gas,简称LNG)工程冷排水中余氯排放,并通过毒理实验研究海洋中余氯对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)仔鱼和幼鱼的毒理效应.结果表明:在余氯浓度为0.14和0.20 mg·L-1时,仔鱼出现死亡现象,其他3个低浓度条件下仔鱼无死亡率;...     

Policy options to promote Chinese new energy vehicles consumption

Inspired by the green revolution, new energy vehicles (NEVs) provide a fresh, alternative mode of transportation for Chinese consumers that reduce their reliance on traditional, gasoline/diesel-based cars. However, despite strong government support for NEVs in China, the level of uptake by consumers remains slow. Using Shanghai as a case study, this article provides a much-needed insight into local consumers’ motivations to invest in NEVs through a survey of 100 Shanghai residents. Results indicate that current NEV promotion policies do not have a significant impact on the cognitive trade-off of NEV consumption under the “Integrated Consumer Behavior Model,” mainly due to inconvenient charging facilities, technical concerns regarding battery, higher prices, and wait-and-see attitudes regarding the pilot policy environment. Drawing on experiences from Sweden and New Zealand, this research serves to enhance knowledge on consumer attitudes towards NEVs and assist policy makers in developing more effective green consumption promotion campaigns in the future.