负载壳聚糖膨润土的制备及其吸附性能的影响

以天然膨润土和壳聚糖为原料，制得一种新型水处理剂——负载壳聚糖膨润土，研究了制备条件对酸性大红印染废水处理效果的影响。实验表明，当壳聚糖的浓度为30 g/L、膨润土质量与壳聚糖溶液体积之比为0.7、浸泡时间80 min、微烘时间15 min时，壳聚糖改性膨润土对酸性大红印染废水的脱色率可达97%。对改性土进行比表面积测定、电镜扫描及X-射线衍射等结构特性分析，证明壳聚糖的引入改变了膨润土在水中的分散状态，增强了其对污染物的吸附和离子交换能力。     

季节性城市生活垃圾成分分析及厌氧消化特性研究

城市生活垃圾的成分及特性随着季节和人类在不同季节的生活习惯而变化，针对我国北方城市研究了一年中不同季节的城市生活垃圾成分特点，对影响厌氧发酵过程的相关成分如总有机碳（TOC）、总氮（TN）、蛋白质、脂肪和还原糖等进行了测定分析。通过厌氧消化实验，测得不同季节城市生活垃圾pH值、日产气量、沼气甲烷含量、甲烷累积量、挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs）和氧化还原电位（ORP）等参数的变化规律，分析相应变化的影响因素。结果表明，二、三季度的含水率分别为64．81％和67．50％，高于一、四季度，一季度发酵原料中蛋白质和脂肪含量分别为12．56％和8．86％，明显高于其他3个季度。一季度甲烷累积量最高，达到17616mL，单位发酵原料的产气量为204．8mL／g，也是4个季度中最高的，说明蛋白质、脂肪等有机成分含量对厌氧发酵过程及结果影响比较明显。为进一步的城市生活垃圾厌氧消化制取生物燃气的工艺条件提供依据。     

HZ-16型大孔树脂吸附处理含RDT-8废水

采用HZ-16型大孔树脂对含三（三溴苯氧基）三嗪（RDT-8）废水进行吸附及脱附处理。实验结果表明：在废水流量为4.0 BV/h的条件下，树脂最佳吸附工艺条件为出水体积88.0 BV，此条件下出水COD小于291 mg/L，挥发酚质量浓度小于0.08 mg/L；在脱附液流量为0.5 BV/h的条件下，树脂最佳脱附工艺条件为脱附液体积3.0 BV，此条件下脱附液中挥发酚质量浓度为30.6 mg/L，挥发酚脱附率高达76.4%。在最佳吸附-脱附工艺条件下，连续进行10次动态吸附-脱附实验，吸附出水中COD为137~294 mg/L，COD去除率为72.5%~89.1%，挥发酚质量浓度稳定在0.05 mg/L以下，挥发酚去除率为99.8%~100%，说明HZ-16型大孔树脂的吸附-脱附性能稳定。     

Comparison of organic compositions in dust storm and normal aerosol samples collected at Gosan,Jeju Island,during spring 2005

To better understand the current physical and chemical properties of East Asian aerosols, an intensive observation of atmospheric particles was conducted at Gosan site, Jeju Island, South Korea during 2005 spring. Total suspended particle (TSP) samples were collected using pre-combusted quartz filters and a high-volume air sampler with the time intervals ranging from 3 h to 48 h. The kinds and amount of various organic compounds were measured in the samples using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Among the 99 target compounds detected, saccharides (average, 130 ± 14 ng m^?3), fatty acids (73 ± 7 ng m^?3), alcohols (41 ± 4 ng m^?3), n-alkanes (32 ± 3 ng m^?3), and phthalates (21 ± 2 ng m^?3) were found to be major compound classes with polyols/polyacids, lignin and resin products, PAHs, sterols and aromatic acids being minor. Compared to the previous results reported for 2001 late spring samples, no significant changes were found in the levels of their concentrations and compositions for 4 years, although the economy in East Asia, especially in China, has sharply expanded from 2001 to 2005. During the campaign at Gosan site, we encountered two distinct dust storm episodes with high TSP concentrations. The first dust event occurred on March 28, which was characterized by a predominance of secondary organic aerosols. The second event that occurred on the next day (March 29) was found to be characterized by primary organic aerosols associated with forest fires in Siberia/northeastern China. A significant variation in the molecular compositions, which was found within a day, suggests that the compositions of East Asian aerosols are heterogeneous due to multi-contributions from different source regions together with different pathways of long-range atmospheric transport of particles.     

含中间层的DSA电极电催化氧化硝基苯废水的研究

为了提高难降解有机废水的可生化性，以及更高效地去除废水中的特征污染物，同时避免二次污染，利用自制的含锡锑中间层的钌钯氧化物涂层电极对有机废水中的硝基苯进行处理，并利用SEM、XRD等方法对电极中间层、表层进行微观表征。微观测试表明，基体、中间层、表层之间结合力较强，有利于增强电极寿命；水处理实验表明，电催化氧化反应体系适合高浓度有机废水的处理，由于该反应体系需要外加电解质加强传质，这在实际运用中为废水中盐度的处理提供了一种新的途径，当电流密度为20 mA/cm²、电解质浓度为10 g/L、pH=5、极板间距=2 cm时，电催化氧化体系对硝基苯具有较高的去除效率。     

Inhibition and dispersion of polyepoxysuccinate as a scale inhibitor

The inhibition and dispersion of polyepoxysuccinate (PESA, self-manufactured) to inorganic scale was evaluated by scale static beaker test to CaC0₃ and Ca₃(P0₄)2, stability test to zinc salt, and dispersion test to ferric oxide. The experimental results demonstrated that PESA functioned excellent scale inhibition to CaC0₃ and Ca₃(P0₄)₂, good stability to zinc salt and special dispersion to ferric oxide. Under the water with hardness 500-1200 mg/L, alkalinity 1000 mg/L, and dosage of PESA 31.2 mg/L, PESA scale inhibition ratio reached more than 85.0%. At dosage of PESA 20.8 mg/L inhibition ratio on calcium phosphate reached 38.9%, at optimum dosage of PESA 9.1 mg/L, the stability ratio was up to 96.1%; while at dosage of PESA 3.6 mg/L, transmittance ratio reached 64.4%. Therefore, PESA can be considered a soluble, high effective and versatile inhibitor.     

ABR-生物接触氧化法处理果汁废水实验分析

厌氧式折流反应器(Anaerobic Baffled Reactor,简称ABR)是一种新型高效厌氧反应器,具有工艺技术简单、建设投资费用低、运行管理方便、固液分离效果好、出水水质好、运行稳定可靠、对有毒物质适应性强等优点,是一种极具开发应用前景的废水生物处理新技术。ABR最大的特点是在反应器中设置上下折流板而在水流方向上形成依次串联的隔室,从而使其中的微生物种群沿长度方向的不同隔室实现产酸和产甲烷相的分离。该反应器具有结构简单,截留污泥能力强,系统处理效果稳定,运行管理方便等优点。分析了ABR及ABR与其它工艺的联合在果汁废水处理方面的应用。     

砒霜生产化工厂危险废物处置工程设计

通过对砒霜生产化工厂原场址废渣及污染场地调查的基础上，进行了处置方案比选及技术经济比较，确定了就地安全填埋的处置方案。根据区域性危险废物集中安全填埋场的设计经验，本工程采用先进的HDPE双层防渗的安全填埋方式，并设置了雨水分流系统、渗滤液收集系统、封场处理和填埋气体导排系统，整个场区布置合理，对周围环境的影响小，投资少，取得了良好的社会效益和环境效益，并对危险废物处理处置工程设计中应注意的问题提出了建议。     

蜡状芽孢杆菌WXZ-8的异养硝化/好氧反硝化性能研究

通过聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增、16S rDNA测序并结合同源性分析,鉴别出菌株WXZ-8为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus ce-reus).对菌株WXZ-8进行异养硝化/好氧反硝化性能测定,并通过正交实验进行培养条件的优选,选取的因素为COD/N、温度、转速和pH.结果表明,对菌株WXZ-8影响最大的因素是转速,其次为COD/N;在最优条件(即温度=30℃、COD/N=25、pH=9.0、转速=180 r/min)下,菌株WXZ-8的氨氮去除率最高达到96.06%.在最优条件下,提高初始氨氮质量浓度为211.52、429.16、897.29mg/L时.菌株WXZ-8在前48 h的氨氮去除速度均达到最大,分别为119.04、94.76,142.21 mg/(L·d),其氨氮去除率最高分别为94.41%、73.43%、51.08%.菌株WXZ-8具有良好的异养硝化/好氧反硝化性能.     

广州市环境监测管理信息化建设中若干问题探讨

以广州市环境监测中心站推进信息化的实践为例，重点对环境监测管理信息化规划、开发和应用3个环节所涉及的信息化进程路线、应用系统开发的需求分析和推广应用等问题进行了一些探讨，提出切合自身的解决思路或办法。