Comparison of Predicted and Measured Concentrations for 58 Alternative models of Plume Transport in Complex Terrain

The purpose of this study was to evaluate alternative prediction models for the SO₂ concentrations produced in the vicinity of the Ohio Edison Company Sammis Power Plant. The plant is situated in the northeastern portion of the Ohio River Valley in complex terrain. Comparisons of the 16 highest predicted and measured short-term SO₂ concentrations were conducted for a one year period for 58 alternative models. Several models were found to predict reasonably accurately the 16 highest measured 24-hour SO₂ concentrations. Each of these models requires an upward adjustment in the plume centerline location as the plume is transported downwind in rising terrain. These same models overpredict by substantial margins the 16 highest measured 3-hour SO₂ concentrations. Improvements in emissions inventory data and improvements in the prediction models used are believed necessary to increase prediction accuracy further.     

厌氧序批式反应器内挥发性脂肪酸积累特性研究

小试规模的厌氧序批式反应器（ASBR），通过人工配水，研究了启动3个月时间以及一个运行周期内反应器内挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）的积累情况，并通过分析期间产甲烷活性的变化说明了控制VFA积累的重要性。经过近120 d的运行，乙酸和丙酸的最大比产甲烷活性分别提高了1.8和2.2倍，说明反应器的启动过程即是微生物群落的优化和选择的过程，ASBR的抗冲击的能力较强说明随启动的进行和种群的优化，活性污泥凝聚性能增强，对VFA的降解能力增强。     

广州市环境监测管理信息化建设中若干问题探讨

以广州市环境监测中心站推进信息化的实践为例，重点对环境监测管理信息化规划、开发和应用3个环节所涉及的信息化进程路线、应用系统开发的需求分析和推广应用等问题进行了一些探讨，提出切合自身的解决思路或办法。     

高电压电容吸附法处理模拟含盐废水

针对电容吸附除盐法的缺点，通过对电极进行绝缘处理，开发了一种新型高电压电容吸附除盐技术。实验结果表明：增大外加电压，有利于除盐效率的提高；外加电压为60V时，NaCl去除率可达90%以上；增大废水流速对吸附效果不利；反应温度对处理效果的影响不大；在NaCl质量浓度为80mg/L、外加电压为60V、反应温度为25℃、废水流速为36m/s、反应时间为30min的条件下，经一级处理和二级处理后出水的NaCl质量浓度分别为39mg/L和16mg/L，NaCl去除率分别为51.3%和80.0%。     

膜生物反应器中新型无纺布膜过滤特性及膜污染特征

通过无纺布和聚偏氟乙烯平板膜组件在相同操作条件下的对比实验，研究无纺布膜的过滤特性。结果表明，2种膜的膜生物反应器COD、氨氮平均去除率均＞90%。过膜压力变化表明在长期运行条件下，无纺布可适于作为膜生物反应器的过滤介质，其过滤机理为膜表面滤饼层形成动态膜，从而增强了膜截留能力。膜污染研究表明，无纺布膜阻力主要来自滤饼层（占总阻力的83.6%），经清洗后膜通量可恢复至94%。扫描电镜显示膜表面滤饼层较厚，结合膜阻力分析结果认为，该滤饼层对膜污染和可逆性影响较大。对膜表面和膜孔中胞外聚合物（EPS）的红外分析证实，其中含有蛋白质和多糖物质，而且组分分析表明蛋白质是膜污染物EPS中的主要组分，在膜孔中的含量比滤饼层中还高。     

Concentrations and distributions of 18 organochlorine pesticides listed in the Stockholm Convention in surface sediments from the Liaohe River basin,China

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed in 26 surface sediment samples from the Liaohe River basin, and the distributions of and potential environmental risks posed by OCPs in the basin were evaluated. Eighteen OCPs listed in the Stockholm Convention were determined using isotope-dilution gas chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry. This is the first study of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in the Liaohe River basin sediments. The total OCP concentrations were 0.39–68.06 ng g^?1 dry weight. The total α-, β-, γ-, and δ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), the total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT – p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), o,p^'-DDT, and p,p′-DDT), and the HCB concentrations in the sediment samples were 0.1–28.48 ng g^?1 (mean 4.01 ng g^?1), 0.08–6.52 ng g^?1 (mean 3.07 ng g^?1), and 0.18–24.8 ng g^?1 (mean 4.38 ng g^?1), respectively. The HCB concentrations were higher than the concentrations of the other OCPs, and the HCHs and HCB together were the dominant OCPs. β-HCH was the most abundant HCH isomer. The concentrations of DDTs and other OCPs were relatively low, and the (DDE+DDD)/DDT ratios (>0.5) and DDD/DDE ratios (<1) indicated that no recent DDT inputs had occurred in the Liaohe River system. The main sources of HCHs were probably the historical production and agricultural use of HCH in the study area. The DDT and HCH concentrations were generally below or similar to the concentrations that have been found in other parts of the world. An ecotoxicological evaluation indicated that HCHs in surface sediments pose slight risks to human and ecological health in the Liaohe River basin.     

超细粉煤灰基成型吸附剂的动态吸附实验

以粉煤灰为原料制备成型吸附剂，对水溶液中亚甲基蓝和Cr⁶⁺进行动态吸附研究，绘制穿透曲线，利用Origin软件对实验数据分析处理，得出穿透曲线的通式C_t=A₁－A₂〖〗1+(t/t₀)^p+A₁。结果表明，初始浓度C₀=25 mg/L，填料高度不同时，达到穿透点的时间随填料高度的增加而增加；填料高度h=200 mm，初始浓度不同时，达到穿透点的时间随初始浓度的增加而减小；该吸附剂对有机染料和重金属离子均有较好的吸附性能；穿透曲线通式的回归线性相关系数表明，该通式可很好地反映超细粉煤灰成型吸附剂的动态吸附过程。     

Lessons from Integrating Fishers of Arapaima in Small-Scale Fisheries Management at the Mamirauá Reserve,Amazon

Fishers and small-scale fisheries worldwide have been marginalized historically. Now it is clear that integrating fishers in management processes is key to resource conservation, but it is less clear how to do it. Here, based on a literature review and new information, we present and analyze a case in which the participation of fishers in the management process was crucial in recovering an overexploited small-scale fishery for the pirarucu (Arapaima spp.) in the Amazon Basin, Brazil. In 8 years of experimental management, from 1999 to 2006, the population of pirarucu increased 9-fold (from about 2200 to 20,650 individuals), harvest quotas increased 10-fold (from 120 to 1249 individuals), and fishers’ participation in the management process increased and they benefited from increased monetary returns. Additionally, the number of communities conducting the management scheme increased from 4 in 1999 to 108 in 2006, following the demands of fishers and regional government agencies. Based on our analysis, we suggest that the participation of fishers in the management of other small-scale fisheries in the world can be improved by focusing on (1) applying the knowledge and skills of fishers in resource monitoring and management, (2) bridging knowledge systems among all involved stakeholders, (3) collaborating with fishers that are interested in, and capable of conducting, resource conservation schemes, and (4) conducting management under conditions of uncertainty.     

利用污泥进行水体中重金属生物吸附研究现状及展望

对国内外利用废水处理等工业过程中所产生的污泥作为生物吸附剂吸附水体中重金属的研究现状进行了综述和分析，包括其预处理技术、反应机理、主要影响因素、处理效果以及反应器工艺等。同时，对该技术未来的发展趋势进行了展望，指出依托现有废水处理设施进行集约化开发将是该工艺的发展方向。