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41.
In this study, the characteristics of the long term discharge of a Terraced Paddy Field Catchment are studied. 2 Kind of Tank Models are proposed and used to simulate the discharge of the catchment. The characteristics of the model simulations of the discharge of the catchment are analyzed and compared with those of a forest catchment. 相似文献
42.
Inactivation effect of pressurized carbon dioxide on bacteriophage Qβ and ΦX174 as a novel disinfectant for water treatment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Huy Thanh Vo Tsuyoshi Imai Truc Thanh Ho Masahiko Sekine Ariyo Kanno Takaya Higuchi Koichi Yamamoto Hidenori Yamamoto 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(6):1301-1306
The inactivation effects of pressurized CO2 against bacteriophage Qβ and ΦX174 were investigated under the pressure of 0.3–0.9 MPa, initial concentration of 107–109PFU/mL, and temperature of17.8°C–27.2°C. The optimum conditions were found to be 0.7 MPa and an exposure time of 25 min. Under identical treatment conditions, a greater than 3.3-log reduction in bacteriophage Qβ was achieved by CO2, while a nearly 3.0 log reduction was observed for phage ΦX174. The viricidal effects of N2O(an inactivation gas with similar characteristics to CO2), normal acid(HCl), and CO2 treatment with phosphate buffered saline affirmed the chemical nature of CO2 treatment. The pumping cycle, depressurization rate, and release of intracellular substances caused by CO2 were its viricidal mechanisms. The results indicate that CO2 has the potential for use as a disinfectant without forming disinfection by-products. 相似文献
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Koichi Haraguchi Akio Koizumi Kayoko Inoue Kouji H. Harada Toshiaki Hitomi Mutsuko Minata Miyako Tanabe Yoshihisa Kato Eri Nishimura Yoshiaki Yamamoto Takao Watanabe Katsunobu Takenaka Shigeki Uehara Hye-Ran Yang Min-Young Kim Chan-Seok Moon Hae-Sook Kim Peiyu Wang Aiping Liu Nguyen Ngoc Hung 《Environment international》2009,35(7):1072-1079
Human breast milk samples collected in 2007–2008 from four countries, Vietnam (Hanoi), China (Beijing), Korea (Seoul) and Japan (Sendai, Kyoto and Takayama), were analyzed for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), chlordane-related compounds (CHLs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Comparing with previous surveys, the present study indicates that the DDTs in breast milk from China and Vietnam had gradually decreased during the last decade, but were still 5–10 times higher than those in other nations. The ratios of p,p′-DDE/p,p′-DDT and o,p′-DDT/p,p′-DDT were higher in Beijing than in the other countries, suggesting that there is less fresh intake of commercial DDT products and a possible exposure to dicofol in China. CHL and PCB levels were relatively higher in mothers from Japan, whereas β-HCH and HCB were more common in Chinese women. In Japan, it is suspected that mothers in the urban/coastal area (Sendai) were more continuously exposed to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) than mothers in the rural/inland area (Takayama). In addition, OCP levels in primiparae were significantly higher than those in multiparae from Japan and Korea. These indicate that both parity and regional factors are major determinants of the levels of OCPs and PCBs in human milk. On the other hand, higher concentrations of PBDEs were observed in mothers' milk from Korea. The congener was dominated by BDE-47 (43–54%), followed by BDE-153 (23–33%) in all regions except for Beijing where BDE-28 (23%) was relatively abundant. In Japanese breast milk, regional and parity-dependent distributions were not observed for PBDEs. Among PBDE congeners, age-dependency was observed for BDE-153, which was negatively correlated (p < 0.05) to the age of mothers in Kyoto (17 participants were housewives), while it increased with age in Sendai (10 participants were clerks). No such correlation was seen for BDE-47, indicating that BDE-47 was ingested and assimilated via different kinetics or routes from BDE-153 in Japan. 相似文献
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Riley PO Arregui-Dalmases C Purtserov S Parent D Lessley DJ Shaw G Crandall J Takayama S Ono K Kamiji K Yasuki T 《Traffic injury prevention》2012,13(2):163-171
A test series involving direct right-side impact of a moving wall on unsupported, unrestrained cadavers with no arms was undertaken to better understand human kinematics and injury mechanisms during side impact at realistic speeds. The tests conducted provided a unique opportunity for a detailed analysis of the kinematics resulting from side impact. Specifically, this study evaluated the 3-dimensional (3D) kinematics of 3 unrestrained male cadavers subjected to lateral impact by a multi-element load wall carried by a pneumatically propelled rail-mounted sled reproducing a conceptual side crash impact. Three translations and 3 rotations characterize the movement of a solid body in the space, the 6 degrees of freedom (6DoF) kinematics of 15 bone segments were obtained from the 3D marker motions and computed tomography (CT)-defined relationships between the maker array mounts and the bones. The moving wall initially made contact with the lateral aspect of the pelvis, which initiated lateral motion of the spinal segments beginning with the pelvis and moving sequentially up through the lumbar spine to the thorax. Analyzing the 6DoF motions kinematics of the ribs and sternum followed right shoulder contact with the wall. Overall thoracic motion was assessed by combining the thoracic bone segments as a single rigid body. The kinematic data presented in this research provides quantified subject responses and boundary condition interactions that are currently unavailable for lateral impact. 相似文献
47.
Takafumi Fujita Takayuki Kawano Liwei Huang Yoshihiro Kojima Hitoki Matsuda Koichi Ushiroebisu 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2007,9(1):15-20
To control the emission of halides into the environment, an experiment on the nonthermal plasma decomposition of the halides
CF4, CHF3, C2HCl3, and CHClF2 was conducted in a wire-in-tube corona reactor. It was found that the decomposition of C2HCl3 and CHClF2 was easy compared with the decomposition of CF4 and CHF3. With the addition of H2 in N2 gas, the decomposition ratio of CF4, C2HCl3, and CHClF2 increased. In contrast, the decomposition ratio of CHF3 in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere was lower than that in an N2 atmosphere. It was demonstrated that the yields of HF and/or HCl formed during halide decomposition clearly increased in
the presence of H2 in N2 gas. Furthermore, in order to prevent the production of unwanted products from halide decomposition, a combination of plasma
decomposition and in situ alkaline absorption was devised by coating a layer of Ca(OH)2 onto the surface of the grounding electrode. It was demonstrated that the Ca(OH)2 sorbent played an effective role as a scavenger, participating in halide decomposition by capturing reaction products such
as HCl and HF, therefore resulting in increased halide decomposition. 相似文献
48.
Hirokatsu Akagi Koichi Haraguchi Yoshihide Kinjo Olaf Malm Fernando J. P. Branches Jeans R. J. Guimaraes 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2000,(Z1)
IntroductionSincetheearly 1980’s,rapidincreasesingoldminingactivitiesusingmercuryamalgamationtechniqueinmanydevelopingcountrieshasbeenoneofthemainsourcesofmercurypollution ,particularlyintheAmazonandothertropicalregions(Malm ,1990 ;Ramel,1996;Ikingura,1996;Lacerda,… 相似文献
49.
Wang Lisha Hu Hongying Wang Chao Koichi Fujie 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2007,1(1):18-22
The effects of chlorine dioxide and chlorine disinfections on the genotoxicity of different biologically treated sewage wastewater
samples were studied by umu-test. The experiment results showed that when chlorine dioxide dosage was increased from 0 to 30 mg/L, the genotoxicity of
wastewater first decreased rapidly and then tended to be stable, while when the chlorine dosage was increased from 0 to 30
mg/L, the genotoxicity of wastewater changed diversely for different samples. It was then found that ammonia nitrogen did
not affect the change of genotoxicity during chlorine dioxide disinfection of wastewater, while it greatly affected the change
of genotoxicity during chlorine disinfection of wastewater. When the concentration of ammonia nitrogen was low (< 10–20 mg/L),
the genotoxicity of wastewater decreased after chlorine disinfection, and when the concentration of ammonia nitrogen was high
(> 10–20 mg/L), the genotoxicity of wastewater increased after chlorine disinfection. 相似文献
50.
Ubiquity of parasporin-1 producers in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus thuringiensis</Emphasis> natural populations of Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Uemori A Maeda M Yasutake K Ohgushi A Kagoshima K Mizuki E Ohba M 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2007,94(1):34-38
Parasporin, a Bacillus thuringiensis parasporal protein, is unique in having a strong cytocidal activity preferential for human cancer cells. In this study, we
characterized parasporin activities associated with three novel geographical isolates of B.
thuringiensis. Parasporal inclusion proteins of the three isolates were highly toxic to human uterus cervix cancer cells (HeLa), but not
to non-cancer uterine smooth muscle cells (UtSMC). Inclusions of the isolates lacked insect toxicity and hemolytic activity
against sheep erythrocytes. Ouchterlony immunodiffusion tests revealed that the proteins of the three isolates are immunologically
closely related to parasporin-1 (Cry31A), but dissimilar to the three other existing parasporin groups. Our results provide
evidence that the parasporin-1-producing organism is a common member in B. thuringiensis populations occurring in natural environments of Japan. 相似文献