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171.
Cochrane Logan Cundill Georgina Ludi Eva New Mark Nicholls Robert J. Wester Philippus Cantin Bernard Murali Kallur Subrammanyam Leone Michele Kituyi Evans Landry Marie-Eve 《Regional Environmental Change》2017,17(5):1553-1561
Regional Environmental Change - The reality of global climate change demands novel approaches to science that are reflective of the scales at which changes are likely to occur, and of the new forms... 相似文献
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Antonio A. Mozeto Thaís M. Yamada Cássia R. de Morais Marcos R. L. do Nascimento Pedro S. Fadini Ronaldo J. Torres Ana Paula E. Sueitt Bias M. de Faria 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(2):815-834
Although the Ibirité reservoir (an urban tropical eutrophic reservoir) has been the recipient of the discharge of a large volume of raw urban sewage, the key cause of ecosystem degradation has been historically solely attributed to the discharge of effluents from an oil refinery. This fact motivated an investigation to unravel the compositions of contaminants in the sediments to evaluate their distributions, possible sources, and potential impacts on sediment–water quality. The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons and of metals and metalloids were, in general, significantly lower than some selected polluted sites used for comparison. Calculated distribution indexes showed that the hydrocarbon sources were petrogenic, pyrogenic, and biogenic. Only a few PAHs exceeded the threshold effects level (TEL) guideline. Industrial activities are the presumed sources of metals and metalloids except for copper, which is from copper sulfate used as algaecide in the reservoir. The bioavailable concentrations of some metal and metalloid exceeded the TEL–PEL guidelines. The acid volatile sulfide concentration was greater than that of the simultaneously extracted metals in the clayey–silty reservoir sediments, whereas the opposite result was observed for the sandy sediments of the tributaries. The sediment interstitial water toxic units were >1 for metals, thus indicating that metals are potentially toxic to the benthos. Considering the data set generated in this study, it can be concluded that the degradation of Ibirité reservoir and its tributaries cannot be solely attributed to the input of hydrocarbons, but predominantly to the discharge of raw urban sewage and effluents from other industrial sources. 相似文献
175.
Simone Vincenzi Matteo ZucchettaPiero Franzoi Michele PellizzatoFabio Pranovi Giulio A. De LeoPatrizia Torricelli 《Ecological modelling》2011,222(8):1471-1478
We present a modelling framework that combines machine learning techniques and Geographic Information Systems to support the management of an important aquaculture species, Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum). We use the Venice lagoon (Italy), the first site in Europe for the production of R. philippinarum, to illustrate the potential of this modelling approach. To investigate the relationship between the yield of R. philippinarum and a set of environmental factors, we used a Random Forest (RF) algorithm. The RF model was tuned with a large data set (n = 1698) and validated by an independent data set (n = 841). Overall, the model provided good predictions of site-specific yields and the analysis of marginal effect of predictors showed substantial agreement among the modelled responses and available ecological knowledge for R. philippinarum. The most influent environmental factors for yield estimation were percentage of sand in the sediment, salinity, and water depth. Our results agree with findings from other North Adriatic lagoons. The application of the fitted RF model to continuous maps of all the environmental variables allowed estimates of the potential yield for the whole basin. Such a spatial representation enabled site-specific estimates of yield in different farming areas within the lagoon. We present a possible management application of our model by estimating the potential yield under the current farming distribution and comparing it to a proposed re-organization of the farming areas. Our analysis suggests a reduction of total yield is likely to result from the proposed re-organization. 相似文献
176.
Fagundes Soares Garcia AC Marcon AE Ferreira Dde M Barbosa dos Santos EA do Amaral VS de Medeiros SR 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(12):3329-3335
The present study evaluated the mutagenic potential of surface water from the Lucrecia dam. The Tradescantia-micronucleus (Trad-MCN) test and CBMN assay in human peripheral blood lymphocytes were applied, corresponding to an in vivo and in vitro system, respectively. Heavy metals and some physicochemical properties were also measured. Water samples were collected in November 2009 (dry season) and May 2010 (rainy season) at three different points. Results of both assays for raw water showed positive responses for the points analyzed when compared to the negative control. The CBMN assay showed that diluted water was still able to induce a significant increase in micronucleus frequency. For both assays, the highest mean MN was observed in the dry season. Chemical analyses detected an increase in heavy metal levels at the sampling points and in the different seasons. These findings indicate the presence of genotoxins, such as heavy metals, in the water, which may be affecting the entire ecosystem, as well as human health. More prolonged monitoring is recommended in order to better characterize this public water supply. 相似文献
177.
Daiane Tomacheski Michele Pittol Douglas Naue Simões Vanda Ferreira Ribeiro Ruth Marlene Campomanes Santana 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(6):230-239
In order to reduce the level of transmission of diseases caused by bacteria and fungi, the development of antimicrobial additives for use in personal care, hygiene products, clothing and others has increased. Many of these additives are based on metals such as silver and titanium. The disposal of these products in the environment has raised concerns pertaining to their potential harmfulness for beneficial organisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the shape, surface chemistry, size and carrier of three additives containing silver and one with titanium dioxide (TiO2) on microcrustacean survival. Daphnia magna was used as a bioindicator for acute exposure test in suspensions from 0.0001 to 10,000 ppm. Ceriodaphnia dubia was used for chronic test in TiO2 suspensions from 0.001 to 100 ppm. D. magna populations presented high susceptibility to all silver based additives, with 100% mortality after 24 hr of exposure. A different result was found in the acute experiments containing TiO2 suspensions, with mortality rates only after 48 hr of incubation. Even on acute and chronic tests, TiO2 did not reach a linear concentration-response versus mortality, with 1 ppm being more toxic than 10,000 ppm on acute test and 0.001 more toxic than 0.01 ppm on chronic assay. Silver based material toxicity was attributed to silver itself, and had no relation to either form (nano or ion) or carrier (silica, phosphate glass or bentonite). TiO2 demonstrated to have a low acute toxicity against D. magna. 相似文献
178.
Carmen Baur Vieira Adriana de Abreu Corrêa Michele Silva de Jesus Sérgio Luiz Bessa Luz Peter Wyn-Jones David Kay Mônica Simões Rocha Marize Pereira Miagostovich 《Food and environmental virology》2017,9(2):195-207
During the Amazonian flood season in 2012, the Negro River reached its highest level in 110 years, submerging residential and commercial areas which appeared associated with an elevation in the observed gastroenteritis cases in the city of Manaus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological water quality of the Negro River basin during this extreme flood to investigate this apparent association between the illness cases and the population exposed to the contaminated waters. Forty water samples were collected and analysed for classic and emerging enteric viruses. Human adenoviruses, group A rotaviruses and genogroup II noroviruses were detected in 100, 77.5 and 27.5% of the samples, respectively, in concentrations of 103–106 GC/L. All samples were compliant with local bacteriological standards. HAdV2 and 41 and RVA G2, P[6], and P[8] were characterised. Astroviruses, sapoviruses, genogroup IV noroviruses, klasseviruses, bocaviruses and aichiviruses were not detected. Statistical analyses showed correlations between river stage level and reported gastroenteritis cases and, also, significant differences between virus concentrations during this extreme event when compared with normal dry seasons and previous flood seasons of the Negro River. These findings suggest an association between the extreme flood experienced and gastrointestinal cases in the affected areas providing circumstantial evidence of causality between the elevations in enteric viruses in surface waters and reported illness. 相似文献
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Laura Braida Sergio Crovella Michele Boniotto Ariella Luchesi Umberto de Vonderweid Bruno Casetta Antonio Amoroso 《黑龙江环境通报》2001,21(7):543-546
We describe a quantitative, rapid, sensitive and reproducible tandem mass spectrometry (MSMS) method for the one-step detection of aminoacid (AAs) and acylcarnitine (ACs) concentrations in amniotic fluid. This technology is quicker and more sensitive than other methods used to date since it is possible to determine very low AA and AC concentrations in samples simultaneously in a single run. The high degree of automation allows a large number of pregnancies to be screened for metabolic defects in a very short time. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献