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排序方式: 共有81条查询结果,搜索用时 343 毫秒
61.
M. Koroki S. Saito H. Hashimoto T. Yamada Masakazu Aoyama 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2010,8(1):59-61
We prepared a carbonaceous sorbent for Cr(VI) from the culm of Sasa
kurilensis by dehydration with concentrated H2SO4. The removal of Cr(VI) by the sorbent was highly solution pH dependent and mainly governed by physicochemical sorption. The
equilibrium data fit well in the Langmuir isotherm model and indicate the endothermic nature of the Cr(VI) sorption. The desorption
experiments suggest that the Cr(VI) sorption is generally irreversible, owing to strong interaction of HCrO4− with the active sites of the sorbent. 相似文献
62.
We investigated the feeding habits and growth of juvenile stone flounder (Platichthys bicoloratus) in several estuarine nurseries in Sendai Bay, Japan. Prey abundance and composition and juvenile diet varied largely among
sites. However, polychaete palps (mostly Pseudopolydora kempi) and bivalve siphons (mostly Nuttallia olivacea) were positively selected and frequently consumed by juveniles, indicating the generality of sublethal feeding of juvenile
stone flounder in estuarine nurseries. Recent growth rates determined by otolith microstructure analyses were dependent on
juvenile body size and water temperature, but independent of juvenile density and food abundance. Growth rates were nearly
maximal from March to May, suggesting that food conditions are nearly optimal in these estuarine nurseries. Sublethal tissue
cropping of benthic invertebrates is thought to contribute largely to these high growth rates. 相似文献
63.
Global nuclear weapons tests fallout of 137Cs in the northern hemisphere has been documented in the UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation) reports. However, many questions have arisen during the past three to four decades; e.g. the water column inventory of 137Cs in the North Pacific Ocean was two to three time higher than the cumulative decay corrected fallout at the same latitude as stated in the UNSCEAR reports. Here we show more precise spatial distribution of global 137Cs fallout primarily on the basis of global measurements in rain, seawater and soil, as data from 10 degrees x 10 degrees grids. A typical feature of geographical distribution is that two high global 137Cs fallout areas exist in the northern hemisphere, where the highest 137Cs fallout was observed in the globe. These areas correspond to crossovers of areas where larger precipitation amounts were expected and where higher stratosphere-troposphere exchange was expected. Our new estimate of 765 +/- 79 PBq as global 137Cs fallout for the northern hemisphere is 1.4 times higher than that of 545 PBq in the UNSCEAR reports. 相似文献
64.
65.
Algal growth inhibition by river water pollutants in the agricultural area around Lake Biwa, Japan 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Okamura H Piao M Aoyama I Sudo M Okubo T Nakamura M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2002,117(3):411-419
An ecotoxicological study of river water discharged from the agricultural area around Lake Biwa was performed by using algal bioassays to guide chemical analysis. Water samples were collected once a week, at least, for 1 year starting in April 1997 and continuing until April 1998. The toxicities of the dissolved and particulate-adsorbed extracts of water samples were evaluated by the algal growth inhibition test and concentrations of individual pesticides were determined. Most of the river water that was collected during the periods when pesticides were applied to the paddy fields caused algal growth inhibition. Some extracts were found to contain herbicides (molinate, mefenacet, simetryn, or esprocarb) as major compounds. According to chemical assay and bioassay, simetryn was identified as the most toxic compound that caused algal growth inhibition. 相似文献
66.
Size- and density-distributions and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban road dust 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in size- and density-fractionated road dust were measured to identify the important fractions in urban runoff and to analyse their sources. Road dust was collected from a residential area (Shakujii) and a heavy traffic area (Hongo Street). The sampling of road dust from the residential area was conducted twice in different seasons (autumn and winter). The collected road dust was separated into three or four size-fractions and further fractionated into light (<1.7 g/cm3) and heavy (>1.7 g/cm3) fractions by using cesium chloride solution. Light particles constituted only 4.0+/-1.4%, 0.69+/-0.03% and 3.4+/-1.0% of the road dust by weight for Shakujii (November), Shakujii (February) and Hongo Street, respectively but contained 28+/-10%, 33+/-3% and 44+/-8% of the total PAHs, respectively. The PAH contents in the light fractions were 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than those in the heavy fractions. In the light fractions, the 12PAH contents in February were significantly higher than the 12PAH contents in November (P<0.01), whereas in the heavy fractions, no significant difference was found (P>0.05). Cluster analysis revealed that there was a significant difference in the PAH profiles between locations rather than between size-fractions, density-fractions and sampling times. Multiple regression analysis indicated that asphalt/pavement was the major source of Shakujii road dust, and that tyre and diesel vehicle exhaust were the major sources of finer and coarser fractions collected from Hongo Street road dust, respectively. 相似文献
67.
Yasuhito Igarashi Yayoi Inomata Michio Aoyama Katsumi Hirose Hiroshi Takahashi Yoshihiro Shinoda Nobuo Sugimoto Atsushi Shimizu Masaru Chiba 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(18):2971-2980
Decades-long monitoring of anthropogenic radionuclides in the atmospheric deposition in Tsukuba, Japan suggests not only the substantial impacts of the Asian dust (Kosa) on the deposition but also the possible change of the Kosa source region, especially during springs of the 2000s. In order to know more about such change, 4 single wet deposition events occurred in the spring of 2007 were scrutinized. The largest anthropogenic radionuclides wet deposition was supplied by the April 2–4 event. It brought several tens % of the monthly depositions (April 2007) of the dust (residue) mass (4.5 g m?2) and anthropogenic radionulides (90Sr: 16, 137Cs: 97 and Pu: 3 mBq m?2). None of the events observed fulfilled both criteria of the specific activities and 90Sr/137Cs activity ratio to the Tsukuba soil; they did not exhibit local soil dust signature. The Kosa events in fact have extensive impacts on the atmospheric environment over Japan in spring season. Considering the elevated specific activities as well as greater 137Cs/90Sr activity ratio in the deposited dust, it is hypothesized that the dust source areas in Asian continent would be shifting from the arid zone to the desert-steppe zone suffering from desertification during the 2000s. This type of the Kosa may be called as the ‘new-regime Kosa’. Chemical observation in the far downwind region of the Kosa dust could allow us to know possible shift in the source regions. 相似文献
68.
Hirata SH Hayase D Eguchi A Itai T Nomiyama K Isobe T Agusa T Ishikawa T Kumagai M Tanabe S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2789-2796
The present study measured the concentrations of 25 elements (Li, Mg, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, Hg, Tl, Pb and Bi) in the whole body of Isaza which is an endemic fish species to Lake Biwa, Japan, and compared the values in the specimens from the mass mortality Isaza (MMI) and normal fresh Isaza (NFI). The mean levels of Mn and total As (T-As) were relatively higher in MMI than in NFI. In the T-As, highly toxic inorganic As was detected in MMI. Moreover we found Mn and As concentrations in surface sediment were extremely high and temporally increased. From all these results, we could infer that the dissolution of Mn and As from surface sediment of Lake Biwa might have been one of the cause for the mass mortality of Isaza. 相似文献
69.
盆栽试验结果表明:在土壤环境质量标准低浓度设置范围内,Cd、Pb、Cu能够刺激灯心草的生长。而灿(地上部除外)、Zn在整个浓度设置范围内对灯心草的生长都表现出抑制作用。相对于地上部而言,各重金属对灯心草地下部生物量影响趋势不明显。单一污染条件下,各种金属对灯心草各项生长指标的抑制程度大小排序为:Zn〉As〉Cu〉Pb〉Cd。以灯心草生物量减产10%为依据,可以将土壤中Cd、Pb、Cu三种重金属临界值分别设定为10ms/ks、100mg/kg、100ms/ks。灯心草不适合在Zn污染的土壤中种植,土壤中As临界值则尚需作进一步的研究来确定。除Cd外,其余四种重金属均主要积累在灯心草根部。根据线性回归分析,Cd、Ph在灯心草地上部和地下部以及灿在灯心草地下部的积累量与土壤中对应各重金属添加量之间存在显著线性关系(P〈0.5)。 相似文献
70.
Yasuhito Igarashi Michio Aoyama Katsumi Hirose Pavel Povinec Sadayo Yabuki 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2005,5(3-6):51-69
Currently, atmospheric anthropogenic radionuclides (particulate) are controlled by suspension of the surface dust containing
those radionuclides (resuspension). We have found, therefore, that such radionuclides can be used as tracers of the surface
dust suspension, transport and its subsequent deposition in distant areas. The 137Cs/90Sr activity ratios in the atmospheric deposition, without the direct influence of nuclear tests and accidents, at the Meteorological
Research Institute (MRI, Tsukuba, Japan) during the 1990s were fairly low (average: 2.1). This value is not in agreement with
the ratios in Japanese surface soils (range of averages: 4–7), which had been considered as the primary source of the deposited
dust. This suggests that the current atmospheric dust deposition in Japan is a mixture of local and remote components. The
remote component could be an aeolian dust that has been transported long distances from arid areas. The major component is
most likely to be Asian dust. It was further hypothesized that other remote source may exist beyond the Asian domain, based
on accumulated observations and model results. To obtain more information about the dust transport, Sahara dust deposited
in Monaco in 2002 and a suspended dust collected in the Taklamakan area in 2001 were analyzed for 90Sr and 137Cs. The Taklamakan dust exhibited a 137Cs/90Sr ratio of about 4, which is within the range of atmospheric deposition observed at the MRI, while the Sahara dust exhibited
a higher 137Cs/90Sr ratio (about 13). Although the present Sahara datum was negative for our hypothesis of ‘hyper-range transport’, the seasonal
change of the 137Cs/90Sr ratio in the atmospheric deposition observed at the MRI requires an aeolian dust source having a low 137Cs/90Sr ratio, other than Asian dust. 相似文献