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261.
Marsh surface sediment deposition and the role of tidal creeks: Implications for created and managed coastal marshes 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Denise J. Reed Thomas Spencer Anne L. Murray Jonathan R. French Lynn Leonard 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》1999,5(1):81-90
The need to understand the processes contributing to marsh sedimentation has become more urgent with the recent recognition
of the role of tidal marshes as sea defences, as well as the many restoration efforts currently under way. This study was
designed to build upon previous sedimentation work at Scolt Head Island by Combining techniques for measuring short-term sedimentation,
with detailed assessment of hydroperiod, previously used only in comparison with longer-term accretion measurements or in
micro-tidal systems. Measurements of water level, sediment deposition (at various distances from the creek margin) and suspended
sediment concentration (SSC) (creek margin and an interior site) were made at Hut Marsh over three sequential over-marsh tides
during May 1994. Sediment trap data show a significant trend of declining sediment deposition away from the creek when data
from all three tides are combined. All tides show higher SSC on the flood tide than on the ebb tide at the creek margin location.
There is little difference in flood and ebb SSCs at the interior site. An order of magnitude decrease in sediment deposition
within 20 m on the creek shows the rapidity with which sediment is deposited on these marshes. Higher tides influence both
the magnitude and pattern of marsh surface sediment deposition. Increased creek velocities on higher tides provide more potential
for resuspension within the creek and increase the supply of sediment to the marsh surface. This study suggests that the design
of tidal creeks may be essential for the development of sustainable coastal marshes in restoration projects. 相似文献
262.
Burger J Murray S Gaines KF Novak JM Punshon T Dixon C Gochfeld M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,112(1-3):35-52
Levels of 18 elements, including lead, mercury, selenium, and uranium, were examined in three species of snakes from an exposed
and reference site on the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site in South Carolina. We tested the hypotheses that there
were no differences as a function of species, and there were no difference between the exposed and control site for blood
and muscle (tail) samples for banded water snake (Nerodia fasciata), brown water snake (N. taxispilota) and cottonmouth (Akistrodon piscivorous). The banded water snakes collected were significantly smaller than the other two species. For blood, there were significant
species differences only for barium, copper, selenium, uranium and zinc, while for muscle tissue there were significant interspecific
differences in aluminum, arsenic, barium, cobalt, cesium, copper, iron, lead, mercury, manganese, strontium, vanadium and
zinc, suggesting that muscle tissue in the tail is a better indicator of potential interspecific differences. It is also easier
logistically to collect tail tissue than blood. Where one species had significantly higher levels than the other species in
muscle tissue levels, cottonmouth had higherlevels of five elements (aluminum, cobalt, lead, mercury, vanadium), brown water
snake had two (lead, strontium), and banded water snake had only barium. There were few significant differences between the
control and reference site for levels of blood, but several for muscle tissue. All three species had significantly higher
levels of arsenic and manganese at Tim's Branch than the reference site, and nickel and uranium were significantly higher
for banded watersnake and cottonmouth, the larger species. Individuals with high exposure of one element were exposed to high
levels of other elements. 相似文献
263.
J.C. Gaillard Kristinne Sanz Benigno C. Balgos Soledad Natalia M. Dalisay Andrew Gorman‐Murray Fagalua Smith Vaito'a Toelupe 《Disasters》2017,41(3):429-447
Consideration of gender in the disaster sphere has centred almost exclusively on the vulnerability and capacities of women. This trend stems from a polarised Western understanding of gender as a binary concept of man—woman. Such an approach also mirrors the dominant framing of disasters and disaster risk reduction (DRR), emphasising Western standards and practices to the detriment of local, non‐Western identities and experiences. This paper argues that the man—woman dichotomy is an insufficient construct with which to address the gendered dimensions of a disaster as it fails to capture the realities of diverse gender minorities in non‐Western contexts. The paper presents case studies from the Philippines, Indonesia, and Samoa, where gender minorities display specific patterns of vulnerability associated with their marginal positions in society, yet, importantly, also possess a wide array of endogenous capacities. Recognition of these differences, needs, skills, and unique resources is essential to moving towards inclusive and gender‐sensitive DRR. 相似文献
264.
This paper reports on a life‐cycle analysis (LCA) of Taiwan's “agriculture and forestry”, “crude petroleum, coal and natural gas extraction” and “electricity generation” sectors, revealing for the first time Taiwan's CO2 and CH4 emissions inventories and matching Taiwan's input‐output sectors. Integrated hybrid input‐output life cycle analysis is used to disaggregate the electricity generation sector into nuclear, hydro, gas, oil and coal, and cogeneration. Results show that the fossil‐fuel‐related electricity sub‐sectors have higher CO2 emissions intensity than the remaining sectors in the economy and that the “paddy rice” sector is Taiwan's most CH4‐intensive sector, making rice cultivation an important source of CH4 emissions. This work is vital to sound policy decisions concerning power generation, coal, and agriculture and forestry at the national level. 相似文献