建筑小区雨水径流的土壤渗透净化

讨论了建筑小区雨水径流的污染性、土壤渗透对小区径流的净化作用及土壤的渗透能力，提出了建筑小区雨水径流土壤渗透的工程实施方案。     

国际绿色发展研究进展及其热点趋势分析

由于气候变化和环境问题日益突出,绿色发展已成为全球共识。为全面了解国际绿色发展知识结构、研究热点与发展趋势,本文运用Citespace文献计量软件对Web of Science核心数据库2002年至2019年的12011篇英文文献进行统计分析,绘制了绿色发展研究合作网络、文献共被引、共现关键词和突现词知识图谱。结果显示:近年来国外绿色发展发文量呈井喷式发展,且多领域、跨学科特征明显,但研究机构与作者合作网络相对离散。绿色发展研究的知识基础主要包括行动者网络、环境革新、紧凑型城市、可更新能源、绿色经济等几大聚类。研究热点主要侧重于气候变化及其影响评估、供应链管理与可持续性研究、发展中国家绿色前景分析、环境政策效应评价与管理等四个方面。基于此,对未来绿色发展趋势作出展望:宏观经济的绿色转型始终是绿色发展的核心问题,新兴产业的绿色革命和环境革新是未来绿色发展的突破方向,农业、林业与生物多样性的气候响应是绿色发展的重要议题,环境政策的规划设计、执行及适应性管理是绿色发展的有效工具,中国、印度等发展中国家是未来绿色发展的主战场。本文研究结果有利于科学推进中国绿色发展战略落地实施,为中国绿色发展提供有益参考和经验借鉴。     

玉米秸秆生物炭对稻田土壤砷、镉形态的影响

通过室内土壤培养的方法模拟稻田土壤环境,研究淹水环境下添加(1%添加量)不同温度制备的玉米秸秆生物炭(CB-300、CB-400、CB-500)对砷、镉复合污染稻田土壤氧化还原电位(Eh)、pH值及不同形态砷、镉含量动态变化的影响.结果表明,热解温度会影响玉米秸秆生物炭的理化性质,热解温度由300℃升至500℃,玉米秸秆生物炭芳香性增加,亲水性和极性降低,灰分含量增加,pH值升高.淹水环境下添加玉米秸秆生物炭处理相比对照(CK)可提高土壤pH值0.20~1.24,升高幅度大小为CB-500CB-400CB-300CK,随着培养时间的延长,pH值趋于平衡状态;淹水环境下土壤氧化还原电位均迅速下降,且不同处理组间存在显著差异,生物炭制备温度越高下降效果越明显,培养至第96 d时氧化还原电位降到最低.CK、CB-300、CB-400、CB-500处理组弱酸可提取态镉含量由淹水前的73.55%分别降至63.46%、57.73%、54.50%、53.94%,随着培养时间的延长,土壤中弱酸可提取态及可氧化态镉逐渐向残渣态及可还原态镉转化.土壤pH值与弱酸可提取态镉含量之间呈显著负相关关系.淹水环境下土壤可交换态砷含量升高,玉米秸秆生物炭的施加导致土壤交换态、Ca-结合态、Al-结合态和Fe-结合态砷含量逐渐上升,上升幅度分别为75.68%、20.92%、13.49%、48.66%,残渣态砷含量下降;土壤pH值与交换态砷含量之间呈显著正相关关系.研究结果可为砷、镉复合污染稻田安全生产与阻控提供数据支持.     

探析循环经济的发展

发展循环经济是人类对经济发展模式反思后的必然选择,是走可持续发展之路的本质要求。文章简要阐述了中国三种经济模式的特点,并分别与生态系统做了比较;分析了中国循环经济存在的不足,提出了发展循环经济的正确途径和解决方法。     

Path analysis of factors influencing household solid waste generation: a case study of Xiamen Island,China

Comprehensive study of the factors influencing household solid waste (HSW) generation is crucial and fundamental for exploring the generation mechanism and forecasting future dynamics of HSW. A case study of Xiamen Island, China was employed to reveal the direct and indirect effects of demographic/socioeconomic factors on solid waste generation at the urban household scale. Based on a face-to-face questionnaire and two-stage survey of solid waste generation, a path analysis model was built. Results showed that the proposed path model exhibited good fit indices. Family size and dinning-at-home rate (DR), whose coefficients were ?0.40 and 0.43, respectively, were the two major factors influencing HSW directly. Moreover, family size, education level, employment rate and age structure played different degrees of indirect effects on HSW generation through respective paths, which should not be ignored. In terms of total effects, coefficients of family size, DR and employment rate were ?0.46, 0.43 and ?0.37, respectively, which were three most dominant factors influencing HSW generation. As for waste composition, organic waste was the most representative of HSW dynamics, and was the most sensitive to impact by the factors studied. Quantitative results of this study have important policy implications for sustainable municipal solid waste management.     

含Cu-EDTA废水吸附法处理研究

用活性炭吸附法对Cu-EDTA废水的处理进行了工艺条件研究。结果表明,对含Cu40mg/L的络合剂废水,利用络合铜在酸性条件下的不稳定和活性炭表面电荷作用,在pH=5—6,采用活性炭进行搅拌吸附0.5h,铜的吸附率可达98％,出水残铜稳定在1mg/L以下。同时采用0.5mol/L H_2SO_4洗脱回收铜,且做到活性炭再生使用,铜的回收率为98％。为Cu-EDTA废水的处理提供了一个经济有效的方法。     

絮凝-厌氧-好氧处理抗菌素废水的试验研究

血清瓶毒性实验表明,抗菌素废水对厌氧消化具有强烈的抑制作用,废水经过絮凝处理,可以降低废水的毒性．筛选到一种混凝剂（试剂Ｂ）,可以去除废水ＣＯＤ５０％．预处理后的废水经过厌氧污泥床（ＵＡＳＢ）的处理,可以去除６０％的ＣＯＤ,处理系统内形成了颗粒污泥．厌氧处理后的出水,再通过两级好氧处理,出水ＣＯＤ可降至３００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下,达到生物制药废水行业排放标准．     

史前人类的航海

<正>欧洲人16世纪初次探索太平洋时,有一项惊人的发现:至少在2.6万年前,某些石器时代的人类不借助任何航海工具,登上了散布在这大片海域上的千百个大小岛屿。当地的传说中,有许多关于乘坐越洋独木舟航行千百公里抵达目     

Cd对野茼蒿种子发芽的影响

为了研究重金属Cd在野茼蒿生长初期所产生的毒性效应,本文以野茼蒿种子为实验材料,分别设定了低浓度组(0、0.2、0.5、0.8、1.0和5.0 mg·L-1)和高浓度组(0、10、25、50和100 mg·L-1)2组实验,对在Cd胁迫作用下野茼蒿种子的萌发生长进行了研究.结果表明:在低浓度(＜5 mg·L-1)下,C...     

Stereoisomeric profiling of pharmaceuticals ibuprofen and iopromide in wastewater and river water, China

Stereoisomeric compositions can provide insights into sources, fate, and ecological risks of contaminants in the environment. In this study, stereoisomeric profiles of ibuprofen and iopromide were investigated in wastewater and receiving surface water of the Pearl River Delta, south China. The enantiomeric fraction (EF) of ibuprofen was 0.108–0.188 and 0.480, whereas the isomer ratio (IR) of iopromide was 1.426–1.673 and 1.737–1.898 in the influent and final effluent, respectively, suggesting stereoselective degradation occurred for both pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment. Ibuprofen showed enantioselective degradation in the anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic conditions, whereas iopromide displayed isomer-selective degradation only under the aerobic condition. In the river waters, the EF of ibuprofen was 0.130–0.327 and the IR of iopromide was 1.500–2.531. The results suggested that pharmaceuticals in the mainstream Pearl River were mainly from discharge of treated wastewater, whereas in the tributary rivers and urban canals, direct discharge of untreated wastewater represented a significant contribution. The IR of iopromide can be an applicable and efficient tracer for wastewater discharge in the environment.