Non-dioxin-like PCBs in ten different fish species from the Danube river in Serbia

This work has been developed to examine the level of non-dioxin-like (ndl) PCBs (28, 52, 101, 138, 153 and 180) in (a) ten different freshwater fish species from the Danube river, (b) two sampling points: up and downstream of the industrial zone of the city of Pancevo (ecological hot spot in Serbia) and (c) two time points i.e., in 2001 and 2006. Obtained results would serve to analyse spatial, temporal and congener profile characteristics of ndl PCBs cumulated in fish tissues due to environmental pollution. Sixty-four samples of the following species were collected: wels (Silirus glanus), pike (Esox lucius), bream (Abramis brama), crucian carp (Carassius carassius), pike pearch (Stizostedion lucioperca), barbel (Barbus barbus), tench (Tinca tinca), sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus L.), common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). Gas chromatography coupled with electron capture detector was used for analysis of ndl PCBs. Total ndl PCBs content in upstream samples ranged from 2.7 to 98.1 ng/g and from 4.9 to 68.3 ng/g in 2001 and 2006, respectively. During the 5 years, ndl PCBs content increased significantly in downstream samples i.e., ndl PCBs varied from 13.7 to 46.1 ng/g and from 14.4 to 107.2 ng/g in 2001 and 2006, respectively. PCBs 138 and 180 were predominant congeners in 2001, while in 2006 the most abundant PCB congeners were 138 and 153. In 2006, the presence of PCB 28 and PCB 52 has indicated a recent contamination event. Data on continual monitoring of PCBs in all relevant environmental compartments together with appropriate biomonitoring data are expected to give comprehensive insight into the fate and behaviour profile of these contaminants.     

Using data mining to predict soil quality after application of biosolids in agriculture

The amount of biosolids recycled in agriculture has steadily increased during the last decades. However, few models are available to predict the accompanying risks, mainly due to the presence of trace element and organic contaminants, and benefits for soil fertility of their application. This paper deals with using data mining to assess the benefits and risks of biosolids application in agriculture. The analyzed data come from a 10-yr field experiment in northeast France focusing on the effects of biosolid application and mineral fertilization on soil fertility and contamination. Biosolids were applied at agriculturally recommended rates. Biosolids had a significant effect on soil fertility, causing in particular a persistent increase in plant-available phosphorus (P) relative to plots receiving mineral fertilizer. However, soil fertility at seeding and crop management method had greater effects than biosolid application on soil fertility at harvest, especially soil nitrogen (N) content. Levels of trace elements and organic contaminants in soils remained below legal threshold values. Levels of extractable metals correlated more strongly than total metal levels with other factors. Levels of organic contaminants, particularly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were linked to total metal levels in biosolids and treated soil. This study confirmed that biosolid application at rates recommended for agriculture is a safe option for increasing soil fertility. However, the quality of the biosolids selected has to be taken into account. The results also indicate the power of data mining in examining links between parameters in complex data sets.     

双Z型MIL-88A(Fe)/Ag3PO4/AgI光芬顿催化剂对染料的去除

以MIL-88A (Fe)为载体,通过原位沉淀法和离子交换法成功合成双Z型三元复合材料MIL-88A (Fe)/Ag₃PO₄/AgI (MAI),并将其应用于光芬顿体系中,高效去除染料废水中的罗丹明B (RhB).棒状的MIL-88A (Fe)作为载体,减少了Ag₃PO₄和AgI颗粒的团聚现象,形成的双Z型异质结减少了电子-空穴对的复合,提高了光催化活性.在催化剂为0.5g/L,初始pH值为3.0,H₂O₂浓度0.4mmol/L的条件下,20min内100mL的20mg/L的RhB可被完全降解,并且在循环5次使用后仍保持较高的催化性能.此外,自由基捕获实验和电子自旋共振实验表明h⁺,O₂^·﹣和HO^·是MAI/Vis/H₂O₂催化体系中的主要活性物质.最后,提出了MAI降解的可能机理.     

Retrospective bioindication of stratospheric ozone and ultraviolet radiation using hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives of herbarium samples of an aquatic liverwort

We analyzed bulk UV absorbance of methanolic extracts and levels of five UV-absorbing compounds (hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives) in 135 herbarium samples of the liverwort Jungermannia exsertifolia subsp. cordifolia from northern Europe. Samples had been collected in 1850–2006 (96% in June–August). Both UV absorbance and compound levels were correlated positively with collection year. p-Coumaroylmalic acid (C1) was the only compound showing a significant (and negative) correlation with stratospheric ozone and UV irradiance in the period that real data of these variables existed. Stratospheric ozone reconstruction (1850–2006) based on C1 showed higher values in June than in July and August, which coincides with the normal monthly variation of ozone. Combining all the data, there was no long-term temporal trend from 1850 to 2006. Reconstructed UV showed higher values in June–July than in August, but again no temporal trend was detected in 1918–2006 using the joint data. This agrees with previous UV reconstructions.     

建设项目环境影响评价中二次PM2.5影响预测方法比较研究

2018年12月1日实施的《环境影响评价技术导则大气环境》(HJ 2.2—2018),对建设项目环境影响评价中二次PM_(2.5)影响预测问题给出了模型模拟法和系数法两种解决方案。在详细介绍模型模拟法和系数法的基础上,对两种方法预测同一项目时预测结果的差异性进行了比较分析。差异性比较分析结果表明,就二次PM_(2.5)日均浓度和年均浓度,AERMOD系数法计算结果较CALPUFF模型模拟法计算结果偏保守;两种方法在预测二次PM_(2.5)日均浓度时比值范围为0.08～5.16,均值为2.35;在预测二次PM_(2.5)年均浓度时比值范围为0.89～26.22,均值为10.71;两种方法在预测二次PM_(2.5)日均浓度时差异较小。     

综合信息网络建设在现代化台站中的应用

泰安基准地震台在“十五”台站改造中，综合信息网络的建设是其重要的组成部分，使台站现代化、信息化、数字化进程上了一个新台阶，对整个台站的环境面貌变化起到了很大作用。本文通过我台综合信息网络建设实例的介绍，为正在进行台站改造的同行们提供借鉴。     

Adaptation of a four-arm olfactometer for behavioural bioassays of large beetles

Summary. We adapted a four-arm olfactometer (55 × 55 × 5.5 cm) for bioassays of large insects and its usefulness was evaluated by testing the responses of three beetles, the palm weevil Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidea) and two Dynast scarabs Strategus aloeus (L.) and Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to plant odours and aggregation pheromones. This olfactometer was coupled to a volatile delivery system dispensing highly volatile semiochemicals at constant concentrations. We materialized airflows in the olfactometer by discolouring sensitive papers with acid vapours under various conditions (air straighten by stainless steel grids in inputs and output, 500 ml/min per arm) to visualize air turbulence and to test air-tightness. The volatile delivery system can be used to mix and dispense a broad range of concentrations of semiochemicals in air from diluted aqueous solutions. It was calibrated by measuring the release of the pheromone using solid phase-microextraction (SPME). Dose-response curves to synthetic pheromone were obtained for O. rhinoceros of both sexes. Coupling the volatile delivery system to the fourarm olfactometer provided a system with which the responses of R. palmarum and S. aloeus to their synthetic aggregation pheromones and to natural plant volatiles could be readily observed and studied.     

Differences in photosynthetic pigment signatures between phytoneuston and phytoplankton communities in a coastal lagoon of Baja California

In order to understand the relationships between the dynamics of phytoplankton populations in the surface microlayer (MIL) and in the water column below (SSW), this study used high-performance liquid chromatography-derived pigment markers in samples from a coastal lagoon of Baja California (Estero de Punta Banda, EPB) under summer (October 2003) and winter (December 2003) conditions. Photosynthetic pigment signatures of phytoplankton at the air–sea interface (phytoneuston) and subsurface measurements were related to bottom-up (temperature, salinity, nutrient concentrations) and top-down factors (zooplankton abundance). Slicks and scum layers were observed in the inner part of the lagoon and coincided with greater stratification of layers just below the sea surface and lower wind intensities. In general, spatial variability in pigment markers and ancillary data was very high and resulted in non-significant differences between MIL and subsurface samples when different regions of EPB or sampling dates were compared. However, different patterns were found between pigments and environmental factors of MIL and SSW samples when the relative numbers of stations with positive and negative differences (ΔX = X _MIL−X _SSW) were computed. For each survey, pigment markers of phytoneuston and phytoplankton samples were not necessarily correlated. Further analysis revealed that those markers (19′-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin, prasinoxanthin, divinil-chlorophyll a) corresponded to picophytoplankton groups (haptophyte, prasinophyte, and prochlorophyte). On both dates, the MIL was enriched in 19′-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin (a marker for a type 4 haptophyte) and fucoxanthin (marker for bacillariophytes, haptophytes, and crysophytes) and depleted in peridinin (marker for dinophytes). Different zooplankton grazers accumulated in the MIL (loricate tintinnids) and in SSW (copepod nauplii).     

Use of perlite in cadmium plant studies: an approach to polluted soil conditions

Two different types of hydroponic cultures, "water culture" and "perlite system", were compared using white lupin plants (Lupinus albus L., cv. Marta) under different Cd treatments: 0, 0.2, 0.6, 2, 4, 6, 13, 20, 40 and 60 microM (water culture) and 0.2, 2, 20, 60 and 150 microM (moistened perlite). Fresh weight, shoot and root length, and total Cd concentration in the plants were measured. Moreover, a batch experiment was carried out to study the ability of perlite to adsorb and desorb Cd from nutrient solution. Lupin plants under Cd treatments in "water culture" showed a higher growth inhibition than those grown on perlite. A high positive correlation between Cd concentration in the plant and Cd supply was obtained regardless of the substrate used. Moreover, a high positive correlation between Cd doses with the "perlite system" and their equivalent Cd doses estimated for the "water culture" system was observed. Thus, the "water culture-equivalent" Cd doses were 14 times lower than the Cd doses in the perlite system. On the other hand, desorbed Cd concentrations were calculated giving values 12 times lower than the tested Cd doses.