臭氧+曝气生物滤池深度处理工艺试验研究

针对某污水厂出水不达标的情况,本研究采用臭氧(O3)和曝气生物滤池(BAF)组合工艺对其进行深度处理.结果表明,当采用两级臭氧+曝气生物滤池工艺时,出水COD在31～46 mg/L,色度在13～29倍,均达到一级A排放标准.在最佳运行条件下,臭氧氧化使相对分子质量大于50 000的有机物含量减少10％,小于1 000的有机物含量增加14％.曝气生物滤池工艺使相对分子质量小于1 000的有机物含量降低了24％.     

三峡水库水动力分区及总磷标准研究

采用EFDC模型计算2010~2018年三峡水库流域水龄.结果表明,三峡水库水龄由上游库尾至下游库首愈来愈大,尤其坝前水龄高达100余天,湖泊属性增强,坝前支流受库区影响大,大坝调度对水龄影响较大,高水位运行期水龄将增长至2~4倍.基于水龄空间分布将三峡水库及其17条主要支流划分为河流型、河湖过渡型和湖泊型.水龄影响因素定量分析表明,水龄与水位呈正相关,与流量呈负相关,泄水期变化速率较蓄水期明显,单位流量与水位内水龄变化幅度高达6~7d,变化区间介于30~100d之间.最后,提出基于水龄权重法的河湖过渡区总磷评价标准,该标准可揭示库区水体总磷的时空变化特征.     

Evidence on the causes of the rising levels of CODMn along the middle route of the South-to-North Diversion Project in China: The role of algal dissolved organic matter

As the biggest inter-basin water transfer scheme in the world,the South-to-North Water Diversion Project（SNWD） was designed to alleviate the water crisis in North China.The main channel of the middle route of the SNWD is of great concern in terms of the drinking water quality.In this study,we tested the hypothesis that the dissolved organic matter（DOM） derived from the planktonic algae causes the rising levels of COD_Mn along the middle route by monitoring data on water quality（2015-20...     

面向2035的节能与新能源汽车全生命周期碳排放预测评价

发展节能与新能源汽车是降低交通运输行业碳排放的重要技术路径.为量化预测节能与新能源汽车的全生命周期碳排放,利用全生命周期评价方法,以汽车相关技术路线和政策为参考,选取燃油经济性、整车轻量化水平、电力结构碳排放因子和氢能碳排放因子为关键参数,构建传统燃油汽车(ICEV)、轻度混合动力汽车(MHEV)、重度混合动力汽车(HEV)、纯电动汽车(BEV)和燃料电池汽车(FCV)的数据清单并对其全生命周期碳排放进行量化预测评价,对电力结构碳排放因子和不同制氢方式碳排放因子进行了敏感性分析和讨论.结果发现,2022年ICEV、 MHEV、 HEV、 BEV和FCV的全生命周期碳排放量(以CO₂-eq计)分别为208.0、 195.5、 150.0、 113.5和205.0 g·km^-1.到2035年,BEV和FCV相比于ICEV具有较为显著的减碳效益,分别降低69.1%和49.3%.电力结构的碳排放因子对BEV的全生命周期碳排放的影响最显著.关于燃料电池汽车的不同制氢方式,短期应以工业副产氢提纯为主供应FCV氢能需求,长期以可再生能源电解水制氢和化石能源...     

凹凸棒土的氨氮吸附性能研究

在以氨氮去除率为指标,在振荡时间60 min,振荡温度25℃,振荡速度140r/min的条件下发现凹凸棒土的最佳投加量2.5 g;添加凹凸棒土可以加强SBR生物系统去除氨氮的能力;拟合凹凸棒土吸附氨氮的等温线方程符合Freundlich吸附模型.     

Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange in schwertmannite/oxalate suspension under UV irradiation

Introduction

Schwertmannite was synthesized through an oxidation of FeSO₄ by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans LX5 cell suspension at an initial pH?2.5 and 28°C for 3?days and characterized using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. The schwertmannite photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) by oxalate was investigated at different initial pH values, concentrations of schwertmannite, oxalate, and MO.

Results

The results demonstrated that photodegradation of MO in the presence of schwertmannite or oxalate alone was very weak. However, the removal of MO was significantly enhanced when schwertmannite and oxalate coexisted in the reaction system. Low pH (4 or less) was beneficial to the degradation of MO. The optimal doses of schwertmannite and oxalate were 0.2?g?L^?1 and 2?mM, respectively. Hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and Fe(II), the intermediate products, were also examined during the reaction to explore their correlation with the degradation of MO.

Conclusion

A possible mechanism for the photocatalytic decomposition of MO in the study was proposed. The formation of Fe(III)-oxalate complexes on the surface of schwertmannite was a precursor of H₂O₂ and Fe(II) production, further leading to the yield of ·OH responsible for the decomposition of MO.     

Distribution and source analysis of aluminum in rivers near Xi’an City, China

To study the status and source of aluminum (Al) contamination, a total of 21 sampling sites along six rivers near Xi’an City (Shaanxi province, China) were investigated during 2008–2010. The results indicated that the average concentration of total Al (Al_t) in the six rivers increased by 1.6 times from 2008 to 2010. The spatial distribution of Al_t concentrations in the rivers near Xi’an City was significantly different, ranged from 367 μg/L (Bahe River) to 1,978 μg/L (Taiping River). The Al_t concentration was highest near an industrial area for pulp and paper-making (2,773 μg/L), where the Al level greatly exceeded the water quality criteria of both the USA (Criterion Continuous Concentration, 87 μg/L) and Canada (100 μg/L). The average concentration of inorganic monometric aluminum (Al_im) was 72 μg/L which would pose threats to fishes and other aquatic lives in the rivers. The concentrations of exchangeable Al (Al_ex) in the sediment of the Taiping River sampled were relatively high, making it to be an alternative explanation of increasing Al concentrations in the rivers near Xi’an City. Furthermore, an increasing Al level has been detected in the upstream watershed near Xi’an City in recent years, which might indicate another notable pollution source of Al.     

The removal of hydrogen sulfide in solution by ferric and alum water treatment residuals

This work investigated the characteristics and mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide adsorption by ferric and alum water treatment residuals (FARs) in solution. The results indicated that FARs had a high hydrogen sulfide adsorption capacity. pH 7 rather than higher pH (e.g. pH 8-10) was favorable for hydrogen sulfide removal. The Yan model fitted the breakthrough curves better than the Thomas model under varied pH values and concentrations. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and the total pore volume of the FARs decreased after the adsorption of hydrogen sulfide. In particular, the volume of pores with a radius of 3-5 nm decreased, while the volume of pores with a radius of 2 nm increased. Therefore, it was inferred that new adsorption sites were generated during the adsorption process. The pH of the FARs increased greatly after adsorption. Moreover, differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated that elemental sulfur was present in the FARs, while the derivative thermal gravimetry curves indicated the presence of sulfuric acid and sulfurous acid. These results indicated that both oxidization and ligand exchange contribute to the removal of hydrogen sulfide by FARs. Under anaerobic conditions, the maximum amount of hydrogen sulfide released was approximately 0.026 mg g(-1), which was less than 0.19% of the total amount adsorbed by the FARs. The hydrogen sulfide that was released may be re-adsorbed by the FARs and transformed into more stable mineral forms. Therefore, FARs are an excellent adsorbent for hydrogen sulfide.     

哈尔滨市城市内涝监测预警系统建设

简要介绍了哈尔滨市城市内涝监测预警系统的主要组成部分、核心技术及理论基础、重要应用价值及意义,并通过在一次强降水实例中的检验,证明该系统具有较高的精确度.在系统核心环节--积水仿真模型的建立中,该项目突破了传统规则网格的划分法,而是根据城市地形地貌特点独创了无结构不规则网格技术.此外,仿真模型中对排水工程设施进行了数字概化,首次实现了地面积水与管道水体模拟之间的结合;初步解决了哈尔滨特有的陆地泵排水模拟问题;将监测雨量信息和数值天气预报信息带入仿真模型,实现了气象学与水文学的结合.通过运行该系统,可以提高对积水预报的准确度.     

添加剂对炭黑颗粒润湿和沉降性能的影响

为提高湿式除尘装置对炭黑颗粒物的去除效率，通过向吸收液中添加复配表面活性剂以提高吸收液对炭黑的润湿性，投加絮凝剂使进入吸收液的炭黑颗粒发生凝聚和沉降，从而使吸收液得以循环利用。其中表面活性剂的复配以非离子表面活性剂月桂醇聚氧乙烯（9）醚（AEO-9）为主，与十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）、十六烷基三甲基溴化胺（CTAB）和壬酚基聚氧乙烯醚（TX-10）分别复配，筛选出复配效果最好的一组复配液；然后投加絮凝剂，探讨絮凝剂的加入对吸收液中炭黑颗粒物絮凝沉降的影响。结果表明，在AEO-9浓度为0．05mmol／L，TX-10浓度为0．09mmol／L时，吸收液的表面张力最小，为36．75mN／m；投加无机絮凝剂聚合氯化铝（PAC）浓度为100mg／L时，经15min沉降，炭黑的沉降率可达88．1％，上清液中悬浮颗粒的平均粒径为6．36μm。