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51.
Stefanie Trapmann Nestor Etxebarria Heide Schnabl Karl Heinz Grobecker 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1998,5(1):17-20
Chloroplast thylakoids are used as biological units to determine herbicides in different kinds of water samples as well as
in aqueous extracts of compost, soil or food samples. The thylakoid bioassy shows clearly inhibition of fluorescence yield
in the presence of photosystem II specific herbicides. Due to this method the ecotoxicological effect of samples with unknown
pollutants can be tested fast and cost effective. It has been proven that all photosynthetic active compounds are recorded
at the same time because only additive interactions occur. Therefore, the contamination level can be expressed as cumulative
parameter for photosystem II active substances. Application was improved clearly by the addition of the radical scavenger
sodium ascorbate to the isolation media and by a higher concentration of the measuring medium. A new data evaluation method
is described yielding in a lower detection limit of 0.4 μg diuron/1. The guidelines for the quality of water for human consumption
with an allowable concentration of pesticides in groups is 0,5 μg/1 [1,2] and can be controlled with the thylakoid bioassay
without performing any preconcentration steps. 相似文献
52.
Pawel Wasowicz Alexander N. Sennikov Kristine B. Westergaard Katie Spellman Matthew Carlson Lynn J. Gillespie Jeffery M. Saarela Steven S. Seefeldt Bruce Bennett Christian Bay Stefanie Ickert-Bond Henry Vre 《Ambio》2020,49(3):693-703
We present a comprehensive list of non-native vascular plants known from the Arctic, explore their geographic distribution, analyze the extent of naturalization and invasion among 23 subregions of the Arctic, and examine pathways of introductions. The presence of 341 non-native taxa in the Arctic was confirmed, of which 188 are naturalized in at least one of the 23 regions. A small number of taxa (11) are considered invasive; these plants are known from just three regions. In several Arctic regions there are no naturalized non-native taxa recorded and the majority of Arctic regions have a low number of naturalized taxa. Analyses of the non-native vascular plant flora identified two main biogeographic clusters within the Arctic: American and Asiatic. Among all pathways, seed contamination and transport by vehicles have contributed the most to non-native plant introduction in the Arctic. 相似文献
53.
Rosenfelder N Lehnert K Kaffarnik S Torres JP Vianna M Vetter W 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(2):379-389
Introduction
Five liver samples of two different ray species (Gymnura altavela and Zapteryx brevirostris) off the coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were analyzed for their pollution with anthropogenic and naturally occurring organohalogen compounds. 相似文献54.
Stefanie Walter Michael Brüggemann Sven Engesser 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2018,12(2):204-217
Although there is a broad consensus among scientists and journalists about the existence of anthropogenic climate change as a global problem, some segments of the population remain doubtful about the human impact on it. The internet provides citizens with opportunities to publicly voice their doubts and user comment sections of online media are a popular form of user-generated content. This study identifies factors that foster comments that are sceptical or supportive of basic assumptions of anthropogenic climate change, drawing on online news in the US, the UK, Germany, India, and Switzerland. The results show that users adapt to the dominant opinion within the respective media outlet: user comment sections serve as echo chambers rather than as corrective mechanisms. Climate change denial is more visible in user comment sections in countries where the climate change debate reflects the scientific consensus on climate change and user comments create niches of denial. 相似文献
55.
At three coastal dune sites at the island of Hiddensee, north-east Germany, vegetation cover was mapped during 2002 and compared
to vegetation surveys from the late 1980s and 1930s. Abiotic and biotic factors, which have been identified as being critical
for coastal dunes in former studies such as disturbance, salt spray or nutrient availability, were measured. Grazing and land-use
history were reviewed by literature and interviews. Tall graminoid communities, mainly Carex arenaria, are a common vegetation unit today. Development, distribution of these dominances and possible causes for its occurrence
have not been analysed. Generally, older successional vegetation units increased and pioneer stages decreased from the 1930s
until 2002. At the geologically youngest site, the southern dunes, grass encroachment by Carex arenaria was highest (ca. 50% cover in 2002), and age and density of trees lower than at the older, central dunes. Land-use changes
such as decrease in grazing pressure, additional feeding of livestock, increase in coastal protection measures and subsequent
decrease in shifting sands as well as varying availability of groundwater and amount of salt spray are relevant factors for
vegetation changes in coastal dunes over the past 70 years. Site-specific land-use differences such as livestock density and
land-use history have a stronger influence than atmospheric N-pollution on the vegetation composition of these acidic, coastal
dunes under low to moderate N-deposition loads of 6–8 kg N ha−1 yr−1. 相似文献
56.
Diane Van Opstal Geerke M. Eggenhuizen Marieke Joosten Karin Diderich Lutgarde Govaerts Robert-Jan Galjaard Attie Go Maarten Knapen Marjan Boter Wai Y. Cheung Nicole van Koetsveld Stefanie van Veen Walter G. de Valk Fernanda Jehee Femke de Vries Iris Hollink Lies Hoefsloot Malgorzata Srebniak 《黑龙江环境通报》2020,40(10):1338-1342
57.
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59.
Claudio Beretta Franziska Stoessel Urs Baier Stefanie Hellweg 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(3):764-773
A key element in making our food systems more efficient is the reduction of food losses across the entire food value chain. Nevertheless, food losses are often neglected. This paper quantifies food losses in Switzerland at the various stages of the food value chain (agricultural production, postharvest handling and trade, processing, food service industry, retail, and households), identifies hotspots and analyses the reasons for losses. Twenty-two food categories are modelled separately in a mass and energy flow analysis, based on data from 31 companies within the food value chain, and from public institutions, associations, and from the literature. The energy balance shows that 48% of the total calories produced (edible crop yields at harvest time and animal products, including slaughter waste) is lost across the whole food value chain. Half of these losses would be avoidable given appropriate mitigation measures. Most avoidable food losses occur at the household, processing, and agricultural production stage of the food value chain. Households are responsible for almost half of the total avoidable losses (in terms of calorific content). 相似文献
60.
Michael E. Boesch Carl Vadenbo Dominik Saner Christoph Huter Stefanie Hellweg 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(2):378-389
A process model of municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) and new technologies for metal recovery from combustion residues was developed. The environmental impact is modeled as a function of waste composition as well as waste treatment and material recovery technologies. The model includes combustion with a grate incinerator, several flue gas treatment technologies, electricity and steam production from waste heat recovery, metal recovery from slag and fly ash, and landfilling of residues and can be tailored to specific plants and sites (software tools can be downloaded free of charge). Application of the model to Switzerland shows that the treatment of one tonne of municipal solid waste results on average in 425 kg CO2-eq. generated in the incineration process, and 54 kg CO2-eq. accrue in upstream processes such as waste transport and the production of operating materials. Downstream processes, i.e. residue disposal, generates 5 kg CO2-eq. Savings from energy recovery are in the range of 67 to 752 kg CO2-eq. depending on the assumptions regarding the substituted energy production, while the recovery of metals from slag and fly ash currently results in a net saving of approximately 35 kg CO2-eq. A similar impact pattern is observed when assessing the MSWI model for aggregated environmental impacts (ReCiPe) and for non-renewable resource consumption (cumulative exergy demand), except that direct emissions have less and no relevance, respectively, on the total score. The study illustrates that MSWI plants can be an important element of industrial ecology as they provide waste disposal services and can help to close material and energetic cycles. 相似文献