A comparative study of vocational education and occupational safety and health training in China and the UK

In order to enhance Chinese workers’ occupational safety awareness, it is essential to learn from developed countries’ experiences. This article investigates thoroughly occupational safety and health (OSH) in China and the UK; moreover, the article performs a comparison of Chinese and British OSH training-related laws, regulations and education system. The following conclusions are drawn: China’s work safety continues to improve, but there is still a large gap compared with the UK. In China a relatively complete vocational education and training (VET) system has been established. However, there exist some defects in OSH. In the UK, the employer will not only pay attention to employees’ physiological health, but also to their mental health. The UK’s VET is characterized by classification and grading management, which helps integrate OSH into the whole education system. China can learn from the UK in the development of policies, VET and OSH training.     

高效喷淋泡沫脱硫技术及装置的应用

SO2是产生酸雨的主要气体,其主要来源于工业燃煤锅炉.以沈阳一家电厂为例,该厂选用新型高效的喷淋泡沫脱硫除尘器对锅炉排放的SO2进行治理.进入喷淋泡沫塔前的SO2平均浓度为2780 mg/m3,经脱硫后出塔平均浓度为289.3 mg/m3,去除率为89.6%.结果表明,这种有别于传统湿法的新型高效的喷淋泡沫脱硫技术及装置具有脱硫效率高、装置占地少、运行稳定、沉淀物易于回收利用等特点,对锅炉排放的SO2进行治理是非常有效的.     

高效喷淋泡沫脱硫技术及装置的应用

SO2是产生酸雨的主要气体，其主要来源于工业燃煤锅炉。以沈阳一家电厂为例，该厂选用新型高效的喷淋泡沫脱硫除尘器对锅炉排放的SO2进行治理。进入喷淋泡沫塔前的SO2平均浓度为2780mg／m^3，经脱硫后出塔平均浓度为289．3mg／m^3，去除率为89．6％。结果表明，这种有别于传统湿法的新型高效的喷淋泡沫脱硫技术及装置具有脱硫效率高、装置占地少、运行稳定、沉淀物易于回收利用等特点，对锅炉排放的SO2进行治理是非常有效的。     

植物修复--大面积低剂量放射性污染的新治理技术

放射性污染是当今难以治理的环境污染问题,对于大面积低剂量的放射性污染,植物修复是种较适用的新型治理技术.系统阐述了植物修复技术的概念与内容,对放射性污染植物修复技术研究现状与进展、植物修复的优缺点进行了重点评述,并对这技术在未来放射性污染治理中的应用与研究提出了建议.     

A pilot study of mercury liberation and capture from coal-fired power plant fly ash

The coal-fired electric utility generation industry has been identified as the largest anthropogenic source of mercury (Hg) emissions in the United States. One of the promising techniques for Hg removal from flue gas is activated carbon injection (ACI). The aim of this project was to liberate Hg bound to fly ash and activated carbon after ACI and provide high-quality coal combustion products for use in construction materials. Both bench- and pilot-scale tests were conducted to liberate Hg using a thermal desorption process. The results indicated that up to 90% of the Hg could be liberated from the fly ash or fly-ash-and-activated-carbon mixture using a pilot-scale apparatus (air slide) at 538 degrees C with a very short retention time (less than 1 min). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) evaluation indicated no significant change in fly ash carbon particle morphology following the thermal treatment. Fly ash particles collected in the baghouse of the pilot-scale apparatus were smaller in size than those collected at the exit of the air slide. A similar trend was observed in carbon particles separated from the fly ash using froth flotation. The results of this study suggest a means for power plants to reduce the level of Hg in coal-combustion products and potentially recycle activated carbon while maintaining the resale value of fly ash. This technology is in the process of being patented.     

泥水平衡顶管技术在川气东送管道工程中的应用

介绍了泥水平衡顶管施工中采取的改进措施,实践证明,改进后未发生任何安全事故,且比预期提前了18天。     

光纤光栅感温火灾探测及报警系统在原油库的应用

1光纤光栅感温火灾探测系统 1．1光纤光栅测温原理 光纤光栅测温法是美国联合技术研究中心于1989年提出的。它是将温度测量和信息传输分开,利用光栅探头测温,采用一般光纤进行信息传输,光栅探头和相连的光纤合称光纤光栅测温。光栅是在一块石英玻璃片上以光刻方式,刻以一系列等宽间距的平行狭缝即条纹     

石油污染土壤异位淋洗修复研究进展

石油污染土壤异位淋洗修复是一种新兴的、经济高效的修复技术,是对生物修复的一种补充.异位淋洗修复有望促成石油污染土壤修复的系统化.本文讨论了石油污染土壤异位淋洗修复的原理、特点及其影响因素,阐述了石油污染土壤异位淋洗修复的最新研究进展,并对该领域今后的研究重点进行了展望.     

Characteristics of residual organochlorine pesticides in soils under different land-use types on a coastal plain of the Yellow River Delta

The residual levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were examined in soils covering five types of land use along a salinity gradient on the Yellow River Delta. The most prominent OCPs were dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (∑DDT, arithmetic mean = 5.11 μg kg^?1), hexachlorocyclohexane (∑HCH, 1.69 μg kg^?1) and ∑endosulfan (10.4 μg kg^?1). The spatial variability of OCPs composition shifted from γ-HCH and o,p′-DDT dominated pesticides in coastal soils to p,p′-DDE dominated pesticides in inland soils. In different land-use types, the percentages of β-HCH and p,p′-DDE are characterized by more recalcitrant components in decreasing order of vegetable fields, cereal fields, cotton fields, wetlands and tidal flats with increasing soil salinity. However, the less recalcitrant components, γ-HCH and o,p′-DDT, showed an opposite trend. Endosulfan sulfate predominated in all land-use types. Residual levels of β-HCH were affected by soil organic matter. The correlations between γ-HCH and clay content and between p,p′-DDE, o,p′-DDT and salinity might associate with the influence of sediment cotransport by the Yellow River and the density of anthropogenic activities in coastal region. Depth distribution of the OCPs in typical soil profiles also implied that local historical usage and sediment transport by the Yellow River both affected the OCPs residual in this region.     

美国化学防护服试验与评价用机器人PETMAN研究

美国化学防护服防护因数测试方法-MIST法是评价化学防护服整体防护性能关键技术指标的通行方法,针对现有MIST方法中存在无法对真人采用实际的有毒有害物质对化学防护服进行评价的不足,采用机器人PETMAN替代真人进行MIST试验与评价的需求日益明显。本文针对PETMAN的主要技术构成和相关需求部门提出的要求,详细介绍了研制过程中需要考虑的关键因素,并概述了项目的研究过程以及当前的研究成果。