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31.
Ambient levels of phosphine (PH3) in the air, phosphine emission fluxes from paddy fields and rice plants, and the distribution of matrix-bound phosphine (MBP) in paddy soils were investigated throughout the growing stages of rice. The relationships between MBP and environmental factors were analyzed to identify the principal factors determining the distribution of MBP. The phosphine ambient levels ranged from 2.368 ± 0.6060 ng m−3 to 24.83 ± 6.529 ng m−3 and averaged 14.25 ± 4.547 ng m−3. The highest phosphine emission flux was 22.54 ± 3.897 ng (m2 h)−1, the lowest flux was 7.64 ± 4.83 ng (m2 h)−1, and the average flux was 14.17 ± 4.977 ng (m2 h)−1. Rice plants transport a significant portion of the phosphine emitted from the paddy fields. The highest contribution rate of rice plants to the phosphine emission fluxes reached 73.73% and the average contribution was 43.00%. The average MBP content of 111.6 ng kg−1fluctuated significantly in different stages of rice growth and initially increased then decreased with increasing depth. The peak MBP content in each growth stage occurred approximately 10 cm under the surface of paddy soils. Pearson correlation analyses and stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that soil temperature (Ts), acid phosphatase (ACP) and total phosphorus (TP) were the principal environmental factors, with correlative rankings of Ts > ACP > TP. 相似文献
32.
A human health risk assessment of rare earth elements in soil and vegetables from a mining area in Fujian Province,Southeast China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Contaminated food through dietary intake has become the main potential risk impacts on human health. This study investigated concentrations of rare earth elements (REEs) in soil, vegetables, human hair and blood, and assessed human health risk through vegetables consumption in the vicinity of a large-scale mining area located in Hetian Town of Changting County, Fujian Province, Southeast China. The results of the study included the following mean concentrations for total and bio-available REEs of 242.92 ± 68.98 (135.85–327.56) μg g−1 and 118.59 ± 38.49 (57.89–158.96) μg g−1 dry weight (dw) in agricultural soil, respectively, and total REEs of 3.58 ± 5.28 (0.07–64.42) μg g−1 dw in vegetable samples. Concentrations of total REEs in blood and hair collected from the local residents ranged from 424.76 to 1274.80 μg L−1 with an average of 689.74 ± 254.25 μg L−1 and from 0.06 to 1.59 μg g−1 with an average of 0.48 ± 0.59 μg g−1 of the study, respectively. In addition, a significant correlation was observed between REEs in blood and corresponding soil samples (R2 = 0.6556, p < 0.05), however there was no correlation between REEs in hair and corresponding soils (p > 0.05). Mean concentrations of REEs of 2.85 (0.59–10.24) μg L−1 in well water from the local households was 53-fold than that in the drinking water of Fuzhou city (0.054 μg L−1). The health risk assessment indicated that vegetable consumption would not result in exceeding the safe values of estimate daily intake (EDI) REEs (100−110 μg kg−1 d−1) for adults and children, but attention should be paid to monitoring human beings health in such rare earth mining areas due to long-term exposure to high dose REEs from food consumptions. 相似文献
33.
我国典型村庄农村环境质量监测与评价 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
选取典型村庄,基于农村环境质量监测和评价方法,对典型村庄2014年农村环境质量进行监测和评价,结果表明:典型村庄环境空气质量状况总体良好,达标比例为82.0%,超标村庄多分布在中国西北地区;农村饮用水源地水质较差,总体水质达标比例为67.1%,地表水和地下水饮用水源地水质达标比例分别为89.8%和52.6%;农村地表水环境质量欠佳,Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质断面占72.7%,饮用水水源地和地表水水质各地区均存在超标村庄;部分地区土壤重金属超标问题较为突出,出现监测项目超标情况村庄占20.6%,土壤超标村庄主要集中在中国东北、华中和华南等地区;农村生态质量状况相对较好,"较差"和"差"的县域主要分布在中国西北和华中北部地区。 相似文献
34.
微塑料作为环境中一类新兴污染物备受关注.然而对于尺寸更小的纳米塑料,尽管毒性效应被不断发现,但其在真实环境中的存在水平和检测技术还鲜有报道.本文评述了有限研究中纳米塑料分离和检测方法的优点与局限,并依据现阶段纳米污染物分析方法存在的问题,对相关方法的未来发展进行了展望. 相似文献
35.
为了研究凹型建筑外立面火灾烟气蔓延特性,对高层建筑凹槽内火灾烟气“三场”数值模拟。研究表明:结构因子α(进深与槽宽之比)的变化导致凹型建筑结构内呈现不同的火灾烟气蔓延规律;当α为0~0.4时,建筑凹槽内的火灾烟气无烟囱效应;当α为0.6~1.2时,建筑凹槽内的火灾烟气呈现一定的烟囱效应,其火灾烟气温度场、CO浓度场、扩散速度场变化显著;当α>1.2的,建筑凹槽内的火灾烟气烟囱效应显著。 相似文献
36.
Zhaofu Hu Shichang Kang Xiaobo He Fangping Yan Yulan Zhang Pengfei Chen Xiaofei Li Shaopeng Gao Chaoliu Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(1):389-397
Carbonaceous matter has an important impact on glacial retreat in the Tibetan Plateau, further affecting the water resource supply. However, the related studies on carbonaceous matter are still scarce in Geladaindong (GLDD) region, the source of the Yangtze River. Therefore, the concentration, source and variations of carbonaceous matter at Ganglongjiama (GLJM) glacier in GLDD region were investigated during the melting period in 2017, which could deepen our understanding on carbonaceous matter contribution to glacier melting. The results showed that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration of snowpit samples (283?±?200?μg/L) was much lower than that of precipitation samples (624?±?361?μg/L), indicating that large parts of DOC could be rapidly leached from the snowpit during the melting process. In contrast, refractory black carbon (rBC) concentration measured by Single Particle Soot Photometer of snowpit samples (4.27?±?3.15?μg/L) was much higher than that of precipitation samples (0.97?±?0.49?μg/L). Similarly, DOC with high mass absorption cross-section measured at 365?nm value was also likely to enrich in snowpit during the melting process. In addition, it was found that both rBC and DOC with high light-absorbing ability began to leach from the snowpit when melting process became stronger. Therefore, rBC and DOC with high light-absorbing ability exhibited similar behavior during the melting process. Based on relationship among DOC, rBC and K+ in precipitation, the main source of carbonaceous matter in GLJM glacier was biomass burning during the study period. 相似文献
37.
以可溶性淀粉作为稳定剂制备纳米Fe_3O_4粒子,探讨了反应时间、p H值、初始砷浓度和腐殖酸对Fe_3O_4纳米粒子吸附水体中As(V)的吸附效果影响.实验结果表明,淀粉稳定的Fe_3O_4纳米粒子对水体中As(V)的吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学,吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附模型;吸附容量随着溶液p H的增加逐渐降低,在p H为8.0的弱碱性水体中对As(V)的最大吸附容量可达202.56 mg·g~(-1);此外,腐殖酸(HA)能降低纳米粒子对As(V)的吸附能力. 相似文献
38.
39.
针对我国目前废旧纺织品处理中存在的问题,从纺织产品生命周期的视角对其生产、流通、消费、回收使用、收集转运和末端处理6个环节进行了分析。在此基础上,建立了由"源头管理"、"中间管理"和"末端管理"3个部分构成的废旧纺织品全过程管理体系。 相似文献
40.
Yu Qin Feng Lei Zhen Xiaofei 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(11):13176-13187
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Semi-continuous anaerobic fermentation of food waste was carried out using a solar-assisted heat reactor to explore effects of temperature fluctuation... 相似文献