阜新市MODIS AOD与大气PM_(2.5)浓度相关性研究

利用卫星遥感MODIS数据研究区域大气PM_(2.5)浓度分布是环境管理的有效方法。获取美国国家航空航天局MODIS L1B1KM数据,采用暗目标法反演阜新市大气气溶胶厚度AOD数据;提取阜新市5个大气监测站点位2014年3月至5月、2015年3月至4月期间PM_(2.5)浓度数据进行相关性分析,建立PM_(2.5)浓度-AOD之间的线性、一元二次、对数函数、幂函数及指数函数5种相关性模型;引用湿度影响因子建立大气PM_(2.5)浓度订正模型,采用PM_(2.5)浓度订正模型、Peterson模型分别订正PM_(2.5)浓度及AOD标高,应用阜新市环保局5个监测点位2014年6~12月、2015年5~12月期间PM_(2.5)的月平均浓度进行模型检验。对比分析订正后的5种相关性模型拟合优度,检验结果表明:订正方法提高了PM_(2.5)浓度-AOD相关性;线性相关性模型R2为0.633 6,相对误差为12.41%,相对其他4种模型相对误差较小。利用阜新市大气AOD预测PM_(2.5)浓度具有良好环境指示意义。     

连云港东西连岛附近海域表层溶解氧含量多年变化趋势分析

对1995年-2005年国家海洋局连云港海洋环境监测站的溶解氧等数据进行了分析,结果表明,连云港东西连岛附近海域表层溶解氧含量多年来呈现增加的趋势,同时冬季平均含量高于春季,春季高于秋季,而夏季最低;东西连岛附近海域表层溶解氧含量与表层水温呈现良好的线性负相关关系,据此相关性可以获取表层溶解氧含量的动态变化值;此外,东西连岛附近海域表层溶解氧过饱和程度在2000年之后呈加剧趋势。     

Dilution sampling and analysis of particulate matter in biomass-derived syngas

Thermochemical biomass gasification, followed by conversion of the produced syngas to fuels and electrical power, is a promising energy alternative. Real-world characterization of particulate matter (PM) and other contaminants in the syngas is important to minimize damage and ensure efficient operation of the engines it powers and the fuels created from it. A dilution sampling system is demonstrated to quantify PM in syngas generated from two gasification plants utilizing different biomass feedstocks: a BioMax?15 Biopower System that uses raw and torrefied woodchips as feedstocks, and an integrated biorefinery (IBR) that uses rice hulls and woodchips as feedstocks. PM_2.5 mass concentrations in syngas from the IBR downstream of the purification system were 12.8–13.7 μg·m⁻³, which were significantly lower than the maximum level for catalyst protection (500 μg·m⁻³) and were 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than those in BioMax?15 syngas (2247–4835 μg·m⁻³). Ultrafine particle number concentration and PM_2.5 chemical constituents were also much lower in the IBR syngas than in the BioMax?15. The dilution sampling system enabled reliable measurements over a wide range of concentrations: the use of high sensitivity instruments allowed measurement at very low concentrations (∼1 μg·m⁻³), while the flexibility of dilution minimized sampling problems that are commonly encountered due to high levels of tars in raw syngas (∼1 g·m⁻³).     

阜新市大气源颗粒物粒度特征分析

为研究阜新市大气源颗粒物粒度特征,于2017年1月对阜新市矿山堆场(KS)、阜新发电(FX)、杰超电厂(JC)、阜矿热电(FK)、泰山石膏(TS)、土壤扬尘(TR)、大型道路(DX)、中型道路(ZX)、小型道路(XX)、城市扬尘(CS)、水泥尘(SN)、金山电厂(JS)、大鹰水泥(DY) 13个大气源颗粒物主要来源采样,并用LA-300型激光散射粒度仪测定大气源颗粒物的粒度,采用Folk-Ward公式计算粒度参数,分析各源颗粒物粒度分布特征。结果表明:①SN、DY和DX以粒径10μm的颗粒物为主,DY的中位直径(D_(50))最小,均值为3. 18μm。②CS、SN、JS、DY、DX的平均粒径(M_z)都小于10μm,偏度S_k在0. 3～1. 0之间,属于很正偏态。DY和DX标准偏差(S)在2～4之间,分选差。CS、SN、JS、DY的峰态(K_G)属于中等峰和窄峰类型。③TR、DY中粒径2. 5μm细微颗粒占比相对较高,分别达2. 81%、3. 21%。鉴于阜新市大气源颗粒物的多物源混合性及较差的分选特征,阜新市应当着重加强对TR、DY、DX、CS等大气颗粒物污染源的排放及监测管控。     

新常态下我国环境政策的需求和建议

文章以新常态下经济社会新特点、新方向为出发点,分析了经济增速放缓、结构转型等对资源环境的新影响以及环境管理的新需求,并从释放政策潜力、激活市场活力、提高创新能力3方面,提出了我国环境政策发展的新思路与建议。     

Assessment of coal spontaneous combustion index gas under different oxygen concentration environment: an experimental study

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Oxygen plays a crucial role in coal spontaneous combustion (CSC), and the magnitude of oxygen concentration determines the oxidation reaction...