快速溶剂(ASE)提取、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)联合固相萃取(SPE)净化,高效液相色谱法测定土壤中的多环芳烃

建立了采用快速溶剂提取(ASE),固相萃取(SPE)与凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)协同净化方法,使用高效液相色谱-紫外-荧光检测器(HPLC-UV-FLD)串联检测土壤中多环芳烃类化合物多残留的检测方法.通过对加速溶剂提取仪提取条件,凝胶渗透色谱和固相萃取净化条件的优化,确定土壤中多环芳烃类化合物多残留的前处理方法:提取溶剂...     

硫氧化细菌的分离鉴定及降解特性

从浙江华海药业污水处理系统中分离得到一株硫氧化细菌T3,基于形态特征、生理生化、16S rRNA基因序列系统学分析和Biolog鉴定系统分析,鉴定该菌株为根瘤菌属.摇瓶实验结果表明,T3生物降解最适生长温度为30℃,最适pH值为8.0,外加氯化铵、碳源对菌株生长及硫化钠降解有促进作用,驯化后的硫氧化细菌对硫化钠有很强的耐受能力,最优生长条件下,2 d内菌株T3能将400 mg/L以下浓度的硫化钠降解彻底,是一株有应用前景的硫氧化细菌.通过测定代谢过程中各种物质的含量,确定该菌株对硫化钠的去除机理为S2-→S2O32-/S0→SO32-→SO42-.图8表1参18     

高层建筑风致疲劳分析中的钢材强度退化模型∗

全寿命周期内风荷载长期作用下,钢结构中的钢材和节点将出现不同程度的累积损伤。风致疲劳损伤后结构的抗震能力必然发生相应变化,而疲劳累积损伤条件下的材料和节点剩余力学性能模型,是准确开展损伤后结构抗震性能评估的关键。鉴于此,通过贝叶斯理论,建立基于物理机制的钢材强度退化模型分析方法。首先,收集高周疲劳预损伤钢材强度退化的试验数据,并选取常用的强度退化模型,通过贝叶斯更新准则确定了退化模型参数的后验估计值。其次,基于钢材强度退化模型,给出了确定风致疲劳劣化焊接梁柱节点弯矩和转角骨架曲线的分析方法。结果表明：(1)疲劳累积损伤条件下的传统钢材强度退化模型离散性大,且缺少必要的数学和物理依据,而基于贝叶斯理论的强度退化模型可有效弥补这一缺陷;(2)相同试验数据,不同强度退化模型得到的结果差异性较大,且不存在普遍适用的最优模型。通过贝叶斯理论建立的钢材强度退化模型,可有效考虑材料型号、试件尺寸、疲劳荷载模式和加载机制等多种因素对试验结果的影响,且可借此反映风致累积损伤对结构性能退化的影响,有助于提高风致疲劳损伤后高层钢结构建筑地震风险评估结果的可靠性。     

基于热爆炸理论的煤燃点确定及动力学分析

为准确判断煤燃点,提高煤自燃灾害防治能力,依据热爆炸理论,结合煤自燃过程放热曲线,将煤自燃升温过程中微分热流曲线上第1处极小值点作为煤的燃点,计算煤着火前后放热过程动力学参数变化.结果表明:随升温速率增加,煤自燃反应放热过程逐渐向高温区域移动,煤燃点逐渐增大,反应的活化能逐渐减小;同一升温速率下燃点之后煤的活化能增大;...     

中国建筑陶瓷产业基地空气质量影响评估研究

对中国建筑陶瓷产业基地规划内环境现状、空气质量状况进行了调查、抽样检测、评价;对空气质量影响因素如SO2等进行了科学预测和评估,并提出了防治办法和减缓措施。     

注气条件对CO2置换驱替CH4影响的实验研究*

为研究不同注气压力与注气温度对CO2置换驱替煤层CH4的影响规律,利用Materials Studio分子动力学模拟软件,通过煤体在2元组分混合气体间的竞争吸附量、竞争吸附热及能量分布等变化规律,从微观研究煤吸附CH4与CO2之间的机理,并利用物理实验平台,选用3种高变质程度煤进行注CO2置换驱替CH4实验。结果表明:同一种变质程度煤,随着注气压力或注气温度的增大,置换率呈增长趋势、驱替比呈下降趋势、CO2突破时间变短;相同注气压力与注气温度时煤的变质程度越高,置换效率越大、驱替比越小、CO2突破时间越长。并且注气压力对于CO2置换驱替CH4的效果要优于注气温度。     

20L近球形容器中甲醇喷雾液滴爆炸特性实验研究*

为了评估易燃液体喷雾的爆炸风险,借助喷雾粒度仪、高速相机以及喷雾爆炸实验系统,围绕2种粒径(表面积平均粒径:2.0 μm±0.5 μm;18.0 μm±0.5 μm)的甲醇喷雾,研究点火位置和延迟时间等因素对甲醇喷雾爆炸特性的影响。结果表明:甲醇喷雾粒径均随环境温度的增加而减小,当甲醇喷雾浓度较大时,环境温度对于甲醇喷雾粒径的影响更为显著;甲醇物料温度的改变对于其粒径的影响很小。随着点火延迟时间的增大,甲醇喷雾爆炸特性参数均呈现先增加后减小的趋势,在τ=120 ms时最大。受限空间内甲醇喷雾采用中心或上部点火方式,当甲醇喷雾浓度为356.4 g/m3(φ=1.8)时,甲醇喷雾爆炸特性参数均取得最大值;与上部位置点火相比,中心位置点火的甲醇喷雾爆炸特性参数值较大。     

Innovative method of culturing bdelloid rotifers for the application of wastewater biological treatment

• An innovative method of culturing bdelloid rotifer fed on flour was proposed. • Rotifer fed on flour grew faster than that fed on bacteria or Chlorella vulgaris. • The optimum mass culture conditions for rotifer fed on flour were investigated. • The cultured rotifer could improve sludge settleability in the SBR. This study aims to establish a simple and efficient method for the mass culture of bdelloid rotifers, which is the basis for the application of bdelloid rotifers as biological manipulators to improve wastewater biological treatment performance. A common bdelloid rotifer, Habrotrocha sp., in a wastewater biological treatment system was selected as the culture target. Rotifers fed on flour could reproduce faster than those fed traditional food such as Chlorella vulgaris or mixed bacteria. As a rotifer food, flour has the advantages of simple preparation, effortless preservation, and low cost compared to live Chlorella vulgaris or mixed bacteria, so it is more suitable for the mass culture of rotifers. The optimal rotifer culture conditions using flour as food were also studied. According to the experimental results, the recommended rotifer culture conditions are a flour particle size of 1 μm, a flour concentration of 6 × 10⁶ cell/mL, a temperature of 28℃, a pH level of 6.5 and salinity of 100–500 mg/L. In addition, the sludge volume index in the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with the addition of cultured rotifers was 59.9 mL/g at the end of operation and decreased by 18.2% compared to SBR without rotifer, which indicates that the cultured rotifers still retained the function of helping to improve sludge settling. This function may be related to the rotifer’s role in inhibiting bacteria from producing loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances in the SBR.     

Comparative low lethal effects of three insecticides on demographical traits and enzyme activity of the Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Many species of devastating insect pests have acquired a high degree of resistance to insecticides in the field during the last few decades....     

Pozzolanic activity enhancement of magnesium-rich nickel slag and geopolymer preparation

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The pozzolanic activity of magnesium-rich nickel slag (HMNS) was improved by remelting and quenching method, the changes of mineralogical phase,...