Dioxin-like activity in sediments from Tai Lake, China determined by use of the H4IIE-luc bioassay and quantification of individual AhR agonists

Deterioration of the general ecosystem and specifically quality of the water in Tai Lake (Ch: Taihu), the third largest freshwater in China, is of great concern. However, knowledge on status and trends of dioxin-like compounds in Tai Lake was limited. This study investigated AhR-mediated potency and quantified potential aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists in sediments from four regions (Meiliang Bay, Zhushan Lake, Lake Center, Corner of Zhushan Lake, and Meiliang Bay) of Tai Lake by use of the in vitro H4IIE-luc, cell-based, transactivation, reporter gene assay, and instrumental analysis. Concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (Bio-TEQs) in sediments ranged from less than the limit of detection to 114.5 pg/g, dry weight, which indicated that organic extracts of sediments exhibited significant AhR-mediated potencies. Results of the potency balance analysis demonstrated that acid-labile, dioxin-like compounds represented a greater proportion of concentrations of Bio-TEQs in sediments from Tai Lake. Concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents calculated as the sum of the product of concentrations of individual congeners and their respective relative potencies (Chem-TEQs) based on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and/or polychlorinated biphenyls represented no more than 10 % of the total concentrations of Bio-TEQs.     

废弃轮胎制备中孔炭吸附材料工艺及性能研究

为了解决废弃轮胎造成的资源浪费和环境污染的问题,对以废弃轮胎橡胶为碳的前驱体原料,制备具有高吸附性能中孔炭材料工艺进行了系统的研究。通过XRD、扫描电镜以及比表面积分析,对制备的中孔炭微观结构和性能进行表征,讨论了炭化温度、碱炭比,以及活化温度和活化时间等工艺条件对制备中孔炭的产率、结构和性能的影响。结果表明,通过改变工艺条件制备的中孔炭的孔径分布可以在2~80 nm范围内进行调控。在500℃炭化温度,碱炭比为4∶1,900℃活化1 h的工艺条件下,制备的中孔炭的比表面积为473 m2/g,对甲基橙的最大吸附量达到254 mg/g。     

Chronic toxicity of copper on embryo development in Chinese toad, Bufo gargarizans

This study examined the effects of copper exposure on embryonic development of Chinese toad, Bufo gargarizans. Firstly, the LC₅₀ values from 24 to 96 h of exposure were 3.61 × 10⁻⁶ M, by means of a 4 d toxicity test with B. gargarizans embryos. Secondly, Chinese toad embryos were exposed to 10⁻⁹-10⁻⁶ M copper from mid gastrula stage to operculum completion stage. Measurements included mortality, tadpole weight, tadpole total length, growth retardation, duration of different embryo stages and malformation. Embryonic survival was not affected by copper. Relative to control tadpoles, significantly decreased weight and total length were found at 10^-9-10^-6 M reduced percentage of the embryos in right operculum stage after 10 d exposure to copper and reduced percentage of embryos in operculum completion stage after 12 d exposure to copper were also observed. Moreover, the duration of embryonic development increased at neural, circulation and operculum development stage in copper-treated groups. For the scanning microscope and histological observation, the abnormalities were malformation of wavy dorsal fin, flexural tail, curvature body axis, yolk sac oedema and reduced pigmentation in the yolk sac. Histopathological changes in olfactory, retinal epithelium and skin were also observed. DNA strand breaks exposed to the copper were analyzed by DNA ladder. In conclusion, copper induced toxic effects on B. gargarizans embryos. The present study indicated chronic toxicity tests may provide more accurate way in formulating the “safe levels” of heavy metals to amphibian.     

干湿交替中碳酸化对废物水泥窑共处置产品中重金属浸出的影响

通过比较连续浸出、碳酸化保存间歇浸出和密封保存间歇浸出3种浸出条件下,废物水泥窑共处置产品--混凝土中Cr、Ni、As、Cd和Pb的浸出量,研究了干湿交替的环境中碳酸化对混凝土中重金属浸出的影响.结果表明,不同的漫出条件对混凝土中重金属的浸出产生了一定的影响.间歇浸出过程降低了重金属在混凝土固相与孔隙水(液相)中的浓度...     

不同营养水平下悬浮细菌数量对生物粘泥性质的影响

循环水系统中的微生物有悬浮态和附着态,悬浮细菌的存在对附着态生物粘泥的生长及特性有明显影响。通过向模拟循环冷却水系统中投加不同数量初始悬浮细菌,考察在营养水平不同的情况下,悬浮细菌数量对生物粘泥化学组成和脱氢酶活性的影响。结果表明,营养水平不同,初始悬浮细菌数量对生物粘泥的化学组成和脱氢酶活性的影响程度不同;在不同营养水平下,应分别控制初始悬浮细菌数量。贫营养下,初始悬浮细菌数量应控制在6×105个/mL左右;中营养下,初始悬浮细菌数量应控制在1×105～2.6×105个/mL之间;富营养下,初始悬浮细菌数量应控制在0.11×105～2.6×105个/mL之间最不利于生物粘泥的生长。     

SLC500远程RIO网络在袋式除尘控制系统中的应用

以某钢铁厂配套大型脉冲袋式除尘器的控制系统为背景,通过具体的硬件配置、软件设计及系统结构介绍,阐述了一种基于SLC500的远程RIO控制系统解决方案,较好地实现了脉冲袋式除尘控制系统的自动运行,且实际运行效果良好.该系统具有很高的实时性、经济性和可靠性,在实际工业运用中,具有推广价值.     

虚拟现实技术在安全工程中的应用

论述了虚拟现实技术（ＶｉｒｔｕａｌＲｅａｌｉｔｙ）的基本原理、应用范围。结合大空间公用建筑火灾虚拟现实系统,提出了安全工程中应用虚拟现实技术的基本结构及程序设计关键技术,给出了大空间公用建筑火灾虚拟现实系统编制实例     

膨润土的羟基铝改性及对染料工业废水的处理研究

通过对膨润土的羟基铝改性实验大大提高了膨润土对染料废水的处理效率。实验结果表明:改性膨润土对变色酸有很好的去除效果,对H酸有较好的去除效果,对T酸处理效果一般,对吐氏酸几乎没有效果。     

The BATINTREC process for reclaiming used batteries

The Integrated Battery Recycling (BATINTREC) process is an innovative technology for the recycling of used batteries and electronic waste, which combines vacuum metallurgical reprocessing and a ferrite synthesis process. Vacuum metallurgical reprocessing can be used to reclaim the mercury (Hg) in the dry batteries and the cadmium (Cd) in the Ni-Cd batteries. The ferrite synthesis process reclaims the other heavy metals by synthesizing ferrite in a liquid phase. Mixtures of manganese oxide and carbon black are also produced in the ferrite synthesis process. The effluent from the process is recycled, thus significantly minimizing its discharge. The heavy metal contents of the effluent could meet the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard of China if the ratio of the crushed battery scrap and powder to FeSO4.7H2O is set at 1:6. This process could not only stabilize the heavy metals, but also recover useful resource from the waste.     

对我国水资源可持续利用的一点思考

按照“认识——规划——建设”的思路,分析了我国水资源开发利用中所面临的主要问题和挑战,提出水资源可持续开发利用的策略和对策,特别提出分质供水和中水回用相结合的供水方式,作出了各地区重点建设项目的构想。