Novel electricity-saving concept using a radio technique for indoor lighting

This study proposes a novel concept for designing a radio switch that can match workplace characteristics and personal needs by individually controlling the lighting group to save electricity. We use a microcontroller that can achieve the function of timing, turned-on and turn-off by setting the internal program to control the radio switch for convenient use, and electricity saving. As compared with the traditional mechanical switch, the radio switch reduced the electricity consumption by 38.64 kwh/week (86.25% of ideal condition or 1194.62% of practical condition), and the annual CO₂ emission can be reduced by 1032.2 kg/year. Additionally, the cost of the radio switch to replace the traditional mechanical switch can be paid back in 1.72 years.     

Markets and climate are driving rapid change in farming practices in Savannah West Africa

Agricultural practices have constantly changed in West Africa, and understanding the factors that have driven the changes may help guide strategies to promote sustainable agriculture in the region. To contribute to such efforts, this paper analyzes drivers of change in farming practices in the region using data obtained from surveys of 700 farming households in five countries (Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Niger and Senegal). The results showed that farmers have adopted various practices in response to the challenges they have faced during the last decade. A series of logit models showed that most changes farmers made to their practices are undertaken for multiple reasons. Land use and management changes including expanding farmed areas and using mineral fertilization and manure are positively related to perceived changes in the climate, such as more erratic rainfall. Planting new varieties, introducing new crops, crop rotation, expanding farmed area and using pesticides are positively associated with new market opportunities. Farm practices that require relatively high financial investment such as use of pesticides, drought-tolerant varieties and improved seeds were positively associated with the provision of technical and financial support for farmers through development projects and policies. Changes in markets and climate are both helping to promote needed changes in farming practices in West Africa. Therefore, policies that foster the development of markets for agricultural products, and improved weather- and climate-related information linked to knowledge of appropriate agricultural innovations in different environments are needed.     

Modeling time-dependent toxicity to aquatic organisms from pulsed exposure of PAHs in urban road runoff

Understanding of the magnitude of urban runoff toxicity to aquatic organisms is important for effective management of runoff quality. In this paper, the aquatic toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban road runoff was evaluated through a damage assessment model. Mortality probability of the organisms representative in aquatic environment was calculated using the monitored PAHs concentration in road runoff. The result showed that the toxicity of runoff in spring was higher than those in summer. Analysis of the time-dependent toxicity of series of runoff water samples illustrated that the toxicity of runoff water in the final phase of a runoff event may be as high as those in the initial phase. Therefore, the storm runoff treatment systems or strategies designed for capture and treatment of the initial portion of runoff may be inappropriate for control of runoff toxicity.     

英语电影教学与英语综合应用能力的培养

英语电影教学是走在前端的一项多媒体教学尝试。语言学习轻松、直观，内容生动、丰富，在减轻学生语言学习焦虑及培养学生语言的应用能力，了解西方社会文化、历史等方面起到了有效的促进作用。     

Differential enhanced degradation of cis‐ and trans‐1,3‐D in soil with a history of repeated field applications of 1,3‐D

Abstract

The fumigant 1,3‐dichloropropene (1,3‐D) is considered to be a potential alternative to methyl bromide. The degradation rates of cis‐ and trans‐l,3‐D in soil from a treated site during three successive annual applications of 1,3‐D progressively increased with an increase in the number of annual applications. The enhancement was greater for trans‐l,3‐D degradation than cis‐l,3‐D. In untreated soil, the degradation rates of the two isomers were similar. The enhancement lasted slightly longer than 2 years after annual field application of 1,3‐D had ceased. A single field reapplication of 1,3‐D to the treated site that had not been treated for 2 years resulted in resumed differential enhanced degradation of cis‐ and trans‐l,3‐D. Microorganisms were responsible for the enhanced degradation.     

Degradation of telone II in contaminated and noncontaminated soils

Abstract

Degradation of the nematicide Telone II (cis‐ and trans‐1,3‐dichloropropene comprise the active ingredients) in soil was studied using ¹⁴C‐l,3‐dichloropropene (DCP) along with soil samples collected from a field test site near Quincy, Florida. A mixed bacterial culture isolated from the soil in the presence of a second carbon source, glucose or yeast extract, completely degraded ¹⁴C‐DCP to ¹⁴CO₂, water‐soluble products, and microbial mass. ¹⁴C‐DCP in soil was also degraded to ¹⁴CO₂. After 28 days of incubation, the labeled chemical was completely degraded to ¹⁴CO₂, water‐soluble metabolites, bound‐residues, and possibly some microbial mass. Little or no difference was observed in the degradation of ¹⁴C‐DCP in soil samples collected one week prior to field application of Telone II, or two weeks and two years after application.     

粘性泥石流扇状地发展过程实验研究

通过不同泥石流容重、不同堆积区坡度条件、不同水槽坡度条件的泥石流连续堆积实验共3组106次实验,定量地探讨了粘性泥石流扇状地发展过程的阶段性及其特征。以泥石流扇状地纵、横方向的平均堆积坡度为依据,将粘性泥石流扇状地的发展过程划分为三个发展阶段。第一阶段以扇状地在纵、横方向快速发展为特征。第二阶段扇状地纵向不再发展,以横向发展为主。第三阶段以扇状地纵向发展为主,横向发展缓慢。     

Biosorption of Pb(II) by biomass of KC-2: kinetic, equilibrium and characteristic studies

Performance and characteristics of biosorption of Pb(II) had been studied in a batch system using the fungal strain biomass, KC-2. The biosorption performance was investigated by analysing the effects of such factors as the initial pH, initial Pb(II) concentration, and contact time at 303 K. The maximum Pb(II) adsorption was obtained at pH 5.0. The experimental data were described by the pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models, and were closely followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium experimental data were well fitted to Langmuir model and the maximum biosorption capacity was 84.03 mg g(-1). The adsorption mechanism was examined by FTIR, SEM and EDAX analysis. Results indicated that carboxylic, hydroxyl and amine groups were involved in the biosorption and ion exchange mechanism existed.     

Nitrogen transfer from one plant to another depends on plant biomass production between conspecific and heterospecific species via a common arbuscular mycorrhizal network

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The formation of a common mycorrhizal network (CMN) between roots of different plant species enables nutrient transfers from one plant to another and...     

Fenton体系降解水中偶氮染料的研究

研究了Fenton体系对于水溶液中偶氮染料橙G(orange G,OG)的降解,反应30 min后,在[Fe2+]0=0.1mmol/L、[H2O2]0=10 mmol/L、pH=3.0的条件下,初始浓度为20 mg/L的OG的去除率达到99%以上。与H2O2相比,OG的降解速率随着Fe2+不同投加量的变化更为敏感。Fe2+和H2O2初始浓度较高时,反应过程中的Fe2+的浓度维持在一个较低的水平,OG的降解速率较快。腐殖酸对OG在Fenton体系中的降解影响表现出明显的阻碍作用,并且随着腐殖酸浓度的增加,抑制作用越来越大。