用CAF涡凹气浮设备处理含油污水

用CAF涡凹气浮设备进行含油污水处理的试验，结果表明：当进水油、CODCr平均浓度分别为40.7mg/L、883.8mg/L，平均去除率分别为86.05%,32.62%，出水可满足后续生化处理的进水要求。     

含模糊随机变量的水污染控制系统研究

在水流量为模糊随机变量且河流中工业污水含量标准给定的条件下,以极小化污水处理费用为目标,建立了水污染控制系统问题的模糊随机机会约束规划模型。采用将模糊随机模拟、神经元网络及遗传算法相结合的混合遗传算法来求解该模型,并用算例进行了验证,结果表明该算法是有效可行的。     

突发事件应急机制的建立与管理

分析了当前突发事件应急机制的建立与管理工作的过程,结合某钻井公司建立应急管理机制的具体做法和体会,提出做好突发事件应急机制的建立与管理工作建议.     

生态学原理在城市改造中的应用——以天津市为例

随着中国城市化进程的加快,城市改造的速度也在加快,但是由于缺少科学的理论指导,城市改造往往表现为盲目的重建。天津市在城市的改造中,以生态学原理指导城市改造,注重城市景观多样性的保护和发展,成功地对部分城区进行了改造。对城市改造应遵循的生态学理念进行了阐述,并指出,生态学原理的运用是解决目前中国城市改造中存在的问题的有效途径;并结合天津市“五大道”和海河改造的实例说明生态学原理在城市改造中的应用。     

有害结局路径(AOP)框架在水体复合污染监测研究中的应用

水体复合污染包含低浓度、种类复杂的毒害化学污染物,威胁人类健康和生态安全。监测并识别水体关键毒害污染因子是进行水质管理的前提,也是复合污染研究的难点。目前国内外在水复合污染毒性监测研究上主要基于动物活体试验或者生物体外测试。由于受限于毒理学测试方法,常见的应用通常仅关注于某方面的毒性效应或者少数的分子指标,因而受到质疑和挑战。有害结局路径(Adverse outcome pathway,AOP)的概念将化学污染物的结构、致毒的分子启动事件和生物毒性的有害结局建立关联,为污染物的毒性测试、预测和评估提供了新的模式。本文旨在论述有害结局路径在复合污染毒性评估和关键毒害物质鉴别中的指导性价值和意义。在有害结局路径的指导框架下,借助于生物体外高通量测试技术、化学分析的靶向和非靶向分析技术和生物信息学技术,可以系统地分析化学混合物在分子、细胞水平上健康相关指标的响应水平,评估水体中复杂结构污染物,与不同生态和健康有害结局之间的关联,为水环境评价和优先污染物的筛选管理提供有效支撑。本文通过综述AOP框架在复合水体中毒害物质风险研究的现状和优势,对AOP在水环境环境管理上的应用前景提出展望。     

啶酰菌胺在斑马鱼体内的富集特性及其对SDH和复合物Ⅱ活性的抑制

为进一步探索啶酰菌胺对水生生物的毒性,选择斑马鱼为供试生物,采用半静态法,研究了啶酰菌胺在斑马鱼体内的富集与消除规律及对其肝脏和鳃的毒性作用。结果表明,斑马鱼暴露于0.08、0.32 mg·L~(-1)中,14 d后均达到富集平衡,28 d生物富集系数(BCF_(28 d))分别为35.50和36.72。在0.16、0.32 mg·L~(-1)浓度下,斑马鱼的比肝重(HSI)和比鳃重(BSI)均明显高于对照组,而肝脏和鳃中琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)和线粒体呼吸链复合物II活性均明显低于对照组,浓度低于0.08 mg·L~(-1)时,对斑马鱼无明显影响。由此可知,啶酰菌胺对斑马鱼为中等富集性,并对其肝脏和鳃有一定毒性作用。     

Optimization for MSW logistics of new Xicheng and new Dongcheng districts in Beijing based on maximum capacity of transfer stations

The new Xicheng and new Dongcheng districts of Beijing in 2010 were chosen as the research object. Based on the analysis of the current municipal solid waste (MSW) logistics system, the transfer station’s processing capacity and the terminal treatment facilities' conditions of the two new districts and other districts, a MSW logistics system was built using geographic information system (GIS) and analytic network process methods considering transregional treatment. The new logistics (MSW from new Xicheng was collected for Majialou. MSW from old Dongcheng and Xuanwu was collected for Datun and Xiaowuji, respectively) proved to be an improvement with a 10 % less collection fee, 111 % output–input ratio after transfer station (include) and 0.8:4.6:4.6 I:C:L (incineration:compost:landfill). After Nangong, Gaoantun II and Asuwei incineration are established, the output–input ratio of the new logistics will reach 114 %, and I:C:L will reach 3.6:4.2:2.2 which is environmentally friendly and nearer to the 4:3:3 Beijing government target. For a full load of every transfer station, the complement schemes were also presented and contrasted based on GIS analysis. The results have great theoretical and practical significance in transregional treatment and improving resource management level of MSW.     

Immobilization of fluoride in the sediment of mine drainage stream using loess,Northwest China

Fluoride (F) is a necessary trace element in the human body, which would lead to some diseases if human body lacks or accumulates it excessively (1–1.5 mg d−1). Fluoride contamination in sediments has become more and more serious, which has potential hazards to human body. In this paper, a novel sorbent (loess) was proposed to immobilize trace element F in sediment. The effectiveness of loess on F stabilization was evaluated by decreasing F bioavailability in contaminated sediment. The loess and the sediment were mixed at different proportions for stabilization. About 70 days after the application of loess, the soil column was subject to simulate acid rain leaching test to observe the leaching-migration of F, which can be used to predict the leaching migration of F in the study area. The results showed that when the loess dose was 5 kg, the loess converted highly effective fractions of F (i.e., water-soluble and exchangeable fractions) into a more stable state (i.e., residual state). After 30 days of leaching with HNO3 solution with pH at 3.0, the lowest concentration of F was found in the leachate of soil column with 2 kg loess application. Correlation analysis showed that the F concentration in soil column profile was affected by CaCO3, EC, pH, and OM, of which, pH and CaCO3 have greater influence than other factors.     

臭氧氧化苯乙烯有机气体性能及机制

采用臭氧高级氧化处理高浓度苯乙烯有机废气，研究了进气苯乙烯浓度、臭氧浓度、停留时间、O₃/C₈H₈摩尔比对苯乙烯去除效率的影响。研究结果表明，臭氧氧化能有效净化苯乙烯有机废气，苯乙烯去除效率可达66.6%。适宜运行条件为：停留时间为3.6 s，O₃/C₈H₈摩尔比为0.46。采用GC-MS分析臭氧氧化苯乙烯出口气样，研究结果表明，苯甲醛（C₆H₅CHO）和苯甲酸（C₆H₅COOH）为臭氧氧化苯乙烯的中间产物。臭氧高级氧化苯乙烯机制为苯乙烯气体被臭氧氧化为苯甲醛和苯甲酸，然后继续臭氧氧化为最终产物二氧化碳和水。     

Synthesis and application of Cu-BTC@ZSM-5 composites as effective adsorbents for removal of toluene gas under moist ambience: kinetics,thermodynamics, and mechanism studies

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are excellent adsorbents that provide abundant specific surface area, adjustable pore structure, and rich active sites. The purpose of this study was to prepare composites with hydrophobic and high microporous specific surface area and to adsorb toluene gas in moist ambience. An ethanol activation-assisted hydrothermal method was proposed to synthesize copper-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (Cu-BTC) metal-organic framework, Cu-BTC, and ZSM-5 molecular sieve composites (Cu-BTC@ZSM-5). The dynamic adsorption process of toluene on different adsorbents was investigated, and the results showed that the toluene adsorption capacity of Cu-BTC@ZSM-5 (158.6 mg/g) was 2.53 times higher than Cu-BTC (62.7 mg/g), when the ZSM-5 content is 5% and the humidity is 30%RH. Compared with other factors, the humidity inhibited the adsorption of toluene on Cu-BTC@ZSM-5. Langmuir model and the pseudo-second kinetics model can better describe the adsorption behavior of Cu-BTC@ZSM-5. The thermodynamic results showed the adsorption process was a spontaneous exothermic process at low temperature and mainly physical adsorption. The relative regenerability can still up to 80.4% after six cycles. The adsorption mechanisms of Cu-BTC@ZSM-5 were pore-filling adsorption, π-π interaction, cation-π bonding, and hydrophobic interactions. This study will help to design a systematic route to evaluate the adsorption performance of Cu-BTC@ZSM-5 for toluene.