生物阴极型微生物燃料电池同步降解偶氮染料与产电性能研究

构建了生物阴极型微生物燃料电池(BCMFC),研究了以葡萄糖-偶氮染料(活性艳红X-3B)为共基质条件下,BCMFC产电性能及偶氮染料的降解特性.结果表明,电能的产生源于BCMFC对葡萄糖的降解,共代谢下活性艳红X-3B的(ABRX3B)的生物降解是主要的脱色机理.当葡萄糖初始浓度为500mg·L-1(以COD计),ABRX3B浓度低于300 mg·L-1时,功率密度维持50.7 mW·m-2,最终脱色率在94.4%以上,而ABRX3B浓度的进一步提高对BCMFC产电会产生抑制作用.阳极液的COD去除率和UV-Vis光谱表明,ABRX3B的降解过程中,有中间产物的积累.共基质条件下,BCMFC可成功实现同步电能输出和高效脱色.     

堆肥对重金属污染土壤Cu、Cd形态变化的影响

通过盆栽茼蒿试验研究了不同堆肥用量对重金属Cu、Cd污染土壤根际土和非根际土中Cu、Cd形态变化的影响.结果表明,随着堆肥用量的增加,非根际土和根际土交换态(含水溶态)Cu含量显著增加,最大值是对照的6.0倍;;有机结合态Cu含量在非根际土中显著升高,而在根际土中则先显著升高后降低,两者最大值是对照处理的1.1倍;;非根际土中无机结合态Cu含量先降低后升高;;非根际土和根际土残渣态Cu含量都先显著增加后基本不变.随着堆肥用量增加,非根际土中交换态(含水溶态)Cd含量显著降低,有机结合态和残渣态Cd含量显著升高,无机结合态Cd含量变化不明显;;根际土中,交换态(含水溶态)Cd含量先降低后升高,有机结合态Cd含量显著上升,无机结合态和残渣态Cd先上升后下降.因此,供试堆肥可作为修复剂减弱Cd的危害,但长期施用会造成Cu的累积,应慎重考虑.     

基于检验测试策略的PFD模型建立与分析*

为制定合理检验测试策略,提高安全仪表系统（SIS）在低要求运行模式下的安全性,提出要求平均失效概率(PFDavg)通用计算模型,引入检验测试分布因子和共因失效修正因子,表征部分和完全检验测试对SIS安全性的影响。结果表明:该模型适用于所有同构koon架构系统,可应用于周期性、非周期性部分检验测试及共因失效影响较大的场景,可以为企业制定检验测试策略提供理论依据。     

包头市企业环境行为信用评价指标体系研究

企业环境行为信用评价是一种符合国情的先进的环境管理手段,是对当前环境管理制度的重要补充和完善.为了强化政府对污染源的监管,提升环保部门的环境监管力度和水平,督促企业持续改进环境行为,文章对不同尺度的指标体系进行了分析对比,结合包头市实际情况,构建了包含污染防治、环境管理、社会影响和组织管理四部分共二十五项指标的包头市企业环境行为信用评价指标体系,以期对环境管理起到检查和促进作用、前瞻和导向功能.     

Volatile organic compound emissions from straw-amended agricultural soils and their relations to bacterial communities: A laboratory study

A laboratory study was conducted to investigate volatile organic compound(VOC) emissions from agricultural soil amended with wheat straw and their associations with bacterial communities for a period of 66 days under non-flooded and flooded conditions. The results indicated that ethene, propene, ethanol, i-propanol, 2-butanol, acetaldehyde, acetone,2-butanone, 2-pentanone and acetophenone were the 10 most abundant VOCs, making up over 90% of the total VOCs released under the two water conditions. The mean emission of total VOCs from the amended soils under the non-flooded condition(5924 ng C/(kg·hr)) was significantly higher than that under the flooded condition(2211 ng C/(kg·hr)). One "peak emission window" appeared at days 0–44 or 4–44, and over 95% of the VOC emissions occurred during the first month under the two water conditions. Bacterial community analysis using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) showed that a relative increase of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and γ-Proteobacteria but a relative decrease of Acidobacteria with time were observed after straw amendments under the two water conditions. Cluster analysis revealed that the soil bacterial communities changed greatly with incubation time, which was in line with the variation of the VOC emissions over the experimental period. Most of the above top 10 VOCs correlated positively with the predominant bacterial species of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia but correlated negatively with the dominant bacterial species of Actinobacteria under the two water conditions. These results suggested that bacterial communities might play an important role in VOC emissions from straw-amended agricultural soils.     

城市污水再生利用途径分析与利用量预测

水资源匮乏与水环境污染是制约经济社会发展的主要瓶颈,提高城市污水资源化水平是解决这一问题的重要途径。文章结合《城市污水再生利用分类标准》（GB／T18919-2002）,深入分析包头市城市污水处理与再生利用现状及存在问题,提出包头市再生水近期应主要回用于城市杂用、工业和景观用水,再生水回用率可达到50％以上,为解决城市污水再生利用提供参考。     

Three-dimensional fluorescence spectral characterization of soil dissolved organic matters in the fluctuating water-level zone of Kai County, Three Gorges Reservoir

Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy was used to investigate the fluorescent properties of soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the water-level-fluctuation zone (WLFZ) of Kai County, Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). Most of the soil DOM analyzed in this study was found to contain four fluorescence peaks. Peaks A and C represent humic-like fluorescence, whereas peaks B and D represent tryptophan-like fluorescence. Peaks E and F, which represent tyrosine-like fluorescence, only appeared in certain soils. Soil humus was the main source of DOM in soil, and higher concentration of soil DOM was found in the exposed soil than submerged soil. Compared to the peaks A and B, the fluorescence intensities of peaks C and D were strongly influenced by the fluctuating water level. Analysis of fluorescence intensities of different peaks in soil DOM showed that WLFZ soil was not contaminated significantly. Soil DOM contained at least two types of humic-like fluorescence groups and two types of protein-like fluorescence groups. The proportion of the content of peak A in soil organic matter was quite stable. The soil DOM in exposed soil had relatively high humification and aromaticity, and periodic submerging and exposure of soil had an impact on the humification of soil DOM.     

淮北国家城市湿地公园野生植物区系及栽培植物营建

论文对淮北煤矿塌陷区国家城市湿地公园野生植物区系进行调查,对公园栽培植物营建进行分析。结果表明：1）该区共有野生植物42科95属115种,其中单子叶植物6科27种,双子叶植物35科87种,蕨类植物1科1种。菊科（Compositae）、禾本科（Gramineae）和豆科（Leguminosae）为优势科;属的成分相对分散,均为寡种属和单种属;植物以农田杂草为主,区系成分简单,野生湿地植物种类优势明显。2）湿地公园湿地植被划分为2个植被型组、5个植被型和18个群系。白茅（Imperata cylindrical）、藜（Chenopodium album）、狗牙根（Cynodon dactylon）、苍耳（Xanthium sibiricum）、芦苇（Phragmites australis）、香蒲（Typha orientalis）等为湿地公园湿地植物优势种群,形成大面积优势群落。3）栽培植物共计19科31属34种,主要有意杨（Populus × canadensis ‘I-214’）、垂柳（Salix babylonica）、冬青卫矛（Euonymus japonica）、马尼拉草（Zoysia tenuifolia）等。4）园区有喜旱莲子草（Alternanthera philoxeroides）等外来植物共10种,其中小花山桃草（Gaura parviflora）为安徽省首次记录。论文针对公园野生植物保护及栽培植物营建中存在的主要问题,提出了相应的保护及修复对策。     

首都国际机场飞机排放清单的建立

将基于标准起飞着陆（LTO）循环各阶段工作时间的飞机排放量计算方法加以改进,利用AMDAR资料计算飞机的有效排放高度,进而准确计算出基于逐架飞机的大气污染物排放总量.结果表明,首都国际机场2013年飞机NO_x、CO、HC、SO₂和PM_2.5排放总量分别为7042.1t、3189.9t、295.3t、429.4t和150.4t.与传统的基于LTO循环的方法相比,修正后的首都机场飞机NO_x、CO、HC和SO₂排放增加了23.5%、2.3%、2.1%和18.1%.飞机排放的CO、HC、SO₂和PM_2.5月变化较小,NO_x排放受飞机有效排放高度影响月波动较大.1～2月飞机污染物排放量处于全年最低水平,8月各污染物排放达到峰值.此外,飞机在爬升和滑行/慢车两种模式下污染物排放比例最大,分别占排放总量的37.7%与36.8%.     

基于SWAT模型的阿什河流域非点源污染控制措施

以阿什河流域为研究区,建立了SWAT模型,并通过情景模拟技术分别模拟了退耕还林.等高种植、化肥减量与植被过滤带等非点源污染控制措施及其综合效果.结果表明:通过坡耕地退耕还林,可减少1.03%~5.35%的非点源TN负荷与0.94%~8.09%的非点源TP负荷;通过等高耕作,可减少0.51%~2.77%的非点源TN负荷与0.49%~4.54%的非点源TP负荷;通过20%的化肥减量可减少0.65%~6.52%的非点源TN负荷与0.01%~2.95%的非点源TP负荷;20m的植被过滤带可减少42.62%~69.51%的非点源TN负荷与80.09%~86.27%的非点源TP负荷.通过综合管理措施,可减少34.90%~54.36%的TN负荷与35.32%~60.89%的TP负荷.为达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)中Ⅳ类水体TN与TP的浓度标准,2006~2010年尚需削减45.87%~82.53%的点源TN负荷与35.58%~66.85%的点源TP负荷.