Relationship between bioaccumulation, distribution of METand lipid content of aquatic organisms

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国五国六汽车尾气颗粒物的生态毒性分析

随着汽车使用量的增加,汽车尾气的环境污染及毒性效应已引起社会的关注.我国于2016年12月23日发布了《轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法（中国第六阶段）》,现阶段尚未发现国五和国六两类汽车尾气颗粒物的生态毒性及比较的研究报道.该文选取国五与国六两类汽车为研究对象,对两类汽车尾气颗粒物的排放情况及主要的半挥发性有机物（SVOCs）进行分析;选用发光菌为受试生物,研究两类汽车尾气颗粒物对发光菌的毒性效应.结果发现：①单位距离下,国五和国六汽车尾气颗粒物质量分别为（8.81±2.92）和（1.51±0.35）mg·km^-1,表明单位距离下国六汽车尾气颗粒物质量显著低于国五汽车;②在检出的SVOCs中,多环芳烃为国五和国六汽车尾气颗粒物中主要的有机污染物;③国五货车、国五轿车和国六汽车尾气颗粒物对发光菌的EC₅₀分别为42.00、41.99和5.37 mg·L^-1,表明本次的研究车辆中单位质量国六汽车尾气颗粒物的毒性高于国五汽车.研究结果表明国六标准的实施可对我国环境空气质量的改善起到重要支撑作用,下一步还应继续开展国六汽车尾气颗粒物的生态毒理学研究工作.     

铅锌矿区河谷沉积物的磁学特征与重金属污染的关系

以流经中国铅锌矿储量最大的兰坪金顶铅锌矿区的澜沧江支流--沘江的河谷冲积物为研究对象,通过实地调查采样、室内实验测定和统计分析等方法,测定并分析了沘江河谷沉积物的磁化率特征与重金属Pb、Zn、Cd的含量,以探讨矿产开发对河谷沉积物重金属含量的影响,并试图为其监测提供一种简单有效的手段.研究表明:(1)沘江沉积物磁化率因受到兰坪铅锌矿产开发活动的影响表现出明显的分段性,且与重金属污染状况的分段性基本吻合,呈现上游污染段沉积物的重金属含量和磁化率均高于下游的特征,且单因子污染指数较高的河段磁化率也高;(2)回归分析显示,沉积物磁化率与重金属含量显著相关;(3)可以利用磁性测试监测矿区河流沉积物的重金属污染状况.     

Analysis of contaminant dispersion in open channel with two streambank-absorption boundaries

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Boundary absorption intensity can affect the contaminant depletion capacity within rivers, and the process of spatial contaminant cloud expansion is...     

单颗粒-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地表水中金属纳米颗粒的初探

阐述了单颗粒电感耦合等离子体质谱法(SP-ICP-MS)的背景、分析原理、颗粒数量浓度和粒径计算原理,并采用该方法分析地表水中的纳米颗粒,探究其分析条件和影响因素。试验中测定了银、钛、铜、锌、镉、铅6种金属纳米颗粒(AgNPs、TiNPs、CuNPs、ZnNPs、CdNPs、PbNPs),纳米颗粒数量浓度为2.00×10^(3)~1.92×10^(6)个/mL。在粒径分布上,AgNPs和CdNPs相对单一且粒径较小,平均粒径为10和16 nm;其他4种纳米颗粒(TiNPs、CuNPs、ZnNPs和PbNPs)的粒径均在较广的范围内分布,粒径范围分别为58~176,43~75,90~278和19~136 nm。SP-ICP-MS方法相比其他分析方法更为便捷、快速、准确和全面,可同时获取纳米颗粒的粒径大小、分布状况,以及颗粒数量浓度和溶解态离子质量浓度等信息,可为之后的深入研究提供理论基础和科学依据。     

重金属铜和铅的生态毒性归一化及土壤环境基准研究

鉴于土壤性质对重金属生态毒性的潜在影响,开展了铜和铅的土壤生态毒性的归一化分析,一方面通过土壤性质(pH、OC(有机碳含量)、CEC(阳离子交换量)和Clay(黏土含量))和土壤生物毒性数据建立多元回归归一化模型(铜(铅)分别含10(5)种土壤生物),此外,在毒性数据和土壤性质数据不足以建立多元回归模型时,构建种间外推...     

Distribution and desorption of perfluorinated compounds in fractionated sediments

This study provides particle-scale understanding of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) distribution in sediments collected from two locations in Tianjin, China. The sediments were fractionated according to particle size and density. Even though lower density carbonaceous fractions contributed only 17.8-22.3% of the total sediment mass, they displayed stronger affinity to PFCs with much higher PFC concentrations than in the heavy fractions. Hydrophobic interaction predominated the partition of longer chain PFCs while electrostatic interaction could affect the sorption of short chain PFCs in sediment fractions. The individual PFC concentrations increased with increasing perfluorocarbon chain length, and the concentrations of perfluoroalkanesulfonates (PFSAs) in the same sediment fraction were higher than perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs) with the same chain length. Log K(oc) was in the range of 1.70-3.80 for C5-C12 PFCAs and 1.75-2.97 for C4-C8 PFSAs. Desorption experiments indicated desorption became difficult as the chain length increased, and PFSAs were harder to be desorbed than the corresponding PFCAs.     

Human health ambient water quality criteria for 13 heavy metals and health risk assessment in Taihu Lake

• The concentrations of 13 heavy metals in Taihu Lake were analyzed. • Aquatic vegetables intake was first included in deriving human health AWQC. • The human health AWQC for 13 heavy metals in Taihu Lake were derived. • Human health risk assessment for 13 heavy metals were conducted in Taihu Lake. Heavy metals are widely concerning because of their toxicity, persistence, non-degradation and bioaccumulation ability. Human health ambient water quality criteria (AWQC) are specific levels of chemicals that can occur in water without harming human health. At present, most countries do not consider the effects of aquatic vegetables in deriving human health AWQC. Therefore, the intake of aquatic vegetables (Brasenia schreberi) was added to the derivation of human health AWQC and a health risk assessment for 13 heavy metals in Taihu Lake. The human health AWQC (consumption of water, fish and aquatic vegetables) values of 13 heavy metals ranged from 0.04 (Cd) to 710.87 μg/L (Sn), and the intake of B. schreberi had a very significant effect on the human health AWQC for Cu, with a more than 62-fold difference. The hazard quotients of As (2.8), Cd (1.6), Cr (1.4) and Cu (4.86) were higher than the safe level (HQ= 1), indicating that As, Cd, Cr and Cu in Taihu Lake posed a significant health risk. Sensitivity analysis showed that the contribution rate of B. schreberi intake to the human health risk from Cu was 91.6%, and all results indicated that the risk of Cu in B. schreberi to human health should be of particular concern. This study adds the consideration of aquatic vegetable consumption to the traditional method of human health AWQC derivation and risk assessments for the first time, and this approach can promote the development of risk assessments and water quality criteria.     

甲基汞水环境安全阈值研究及生态风险分析

甲基汞是影响水生生物的毒性物质,其在淡水环境中的安全阈值研究非常少。查阅国内外数据库,搜集筛选了中国淡水水生生物藻类、溞类、鱼类的12种生物甲基汞急性毒性数据、5种生物慢性数据,采用加拿大开发的评估因子法推算淡水水生生物的甲基汞的安全阈值。结合甲基汞典型易生物富集的特点,搜集甲基汞生物富集因子数据,引入最终残留值综合比较,得出甲基汞水生生态系统安全阈值为1.22 ng/L。基于此数据,利用生态风险评估商值法对目前报道的主要流域地表水溶解态甲基汞检出值做出风险评估,结果表明,大部分水域不存在甲基汞带来的风险,只有贵州的乌江渡水库和阿哈水库存在甲基汞带来的食用鱼风险。     

基于物元可拓的熵值泥石流危险性评价

通过选取能够反映和体现泥石流危险性的8项重要参数指标作为泥石流危险性评价指标,运用物元可拓理论和熵值确定权重法,建立泥石流危险性评价的物元可拓模型。应用建立的物元可拓模型,对舟曲县15条典型泥石流沟的危险性进行评价,得到的评价结果与实际情况相符合,同时也说明基于物元可拓的熵值法能较真实地反映实际泥石流沟的危险性等级,证明该方法应用于泥石流危险性评价的有效性和可行性。