由粉煤灰合成单一的沸石及其对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附研究

以粉煤厌为原料采用两步法合成了2种单一沸石矿物种的NaA和NaX型沸石,并对产物的结构和性能进行了详细表征.2种沸石产物的吸附性能比较结果表明,NaA型沸石优于NaX型沸石.在静态吸附条件下,研究了NaA型沸石吸附水溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的相关参数(溶液pH值、吸附温度和吸附时间),并用Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附线对吸附结果进行拟和.结果表明:Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附行为符合Langmuir方程;饱和吸附量为47.78 mg/g.NaA型沸石对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附是物理和化学吸附两种行为共同作用的结果.     

Analysis and residue levels of forchlorfenuron (CPPU) in watermelons

This paper describes the application of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) for analysis of residues of forchlorfenuron (CPPU), a new plant growth regulator, in watermelons, after a sample preparation step based on the buffered Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe extraction method. Analytical determinations were carried out in a triple quadrupole system fitted with an electrospray interphase operating in the positive ionisation mode (ESI+). Three simultaneous MS-MS transitions of the quasi-molecular ion m/z 248 (precursor ion) were monitored for data acquisition (248 > 129, 248 > 155, and 248 > 248), using the transition 248 > 129 for quantitation. Recovery studies on watermelons at levels of 1-200 microg/kg, performing five replicates at each level and using bracketing single-level calibration with matrix-matched standards for quantitation, gave forchlorfenuron mean recoveries ranging from 82 to 106% with relative standard deviations (RSD) lower than 18%. The limit of determination was established at 1 microg/kg. The method was applied to evaluate the persistence of forchlorfenuron residues in watermelons grown in plastic greenhouses, after applying an individual spray treatment to the flower ovary at the anthesis stage (45 mu g/flower and 60 mu g/flower for cv "Extazy" and cv "reina de corazones" watermelons, respectively). One month after treatment, 20 "Extazy" watermelon units (1.5-2 kg/unit) and 20 "Reina de corazones" watermelon units (4-5 kg/unit) were collected and analyzed individually. None of the samples contained forchlorfenuron residues higher than 1 microg/kg.     

城市能源利用与环境保护的综合管理初探

能源短缺和环境污染已成为中国推行全面协调可持续发展的重要制约因素,作为能源消耗的主体和环境污染的控制重点,在城市层面推动能源发展战略的转变和强化环境保护是发展的基本要求.鉴于能源与环境之间的高度关联性,在管理方面要求对能源发展和环境保护进行统筹考虑和综合管理,充分强调能源经济效率和环境制约因素在能源发展中的作用.通过制定合理的产业能效标准和排放绩效标准,为城市经济、能源和环境的可持续性发展提供科学性、系统性决策支持.     

Distribution of elements in needles of Pinus massoniana (Lamb.) was uneven and affected by needle age

Macronutrients (P, S, K, Na, Mg, Ca), heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cd,) and Al concentrations as well as values of Ca/Al in the tip, middle and base sections, and sheaths of current year and previous year needles of Pinus massoniana from Xiqiao Mountain were analyzed and the distribution patterns of those elements were compared. The results indicated that many elements were unevenly distributed among the different components of needles. Possible deficiency of P, K, Ca, Mn and Al toxicity occurred in needles under air pollution. Heavy metals may threaten the health of Masson pine. Needle sheaths were good places to look for particulate pollutants, in this case including Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd and Al.     

海水中微量镍的吸附溶出伏安法分析研究

在1.0mol/L氯化铵缓冲溶液中,加入丁二酮肟,镍(Ni(Ⅱ))于-0.95V处产生灵敏的极谱波.通过对电解质选择,仪器参数优化,建立脉冲伏安法测定海水中镍的分析方法.线性范围为0.38～10.0/μg/L,最小检出限0.10μg/L,样品加标回收率97%～101%,相对标准偏差小于4.9%.该方法具有选择性好、灵敏度高、准确、简便的特点,适用于海水、饮用水和清洁地表水中痕量镍的检测.     

技术变化模拟及其在气候政策模型中的应用

技术变化是应对气候变化问题的关键。对技术变化的模拟和分析能够识别技术变化的作用．在评估减排成本以及确定减排目标时起到重要作用。但是早期的气候政策模型通常将技术变化视为非经济的外生变量，因而无法对技术变化的起因和效果做深入分析。近年来的气候政策模型则开始逐渐利用内生方法模拟技术变化。在介绍内生技术变化的概念及与传统的外生技术变化的区别的基础上，重点介绍和评述研发投入和技术学习这两种主要的内生技术变化模拟方法的原理、特点以及如何在不同的气候政策模型中得到应用。但是现有建模方法无法表征技术变化过程中的动态性、不确定性等特征，因而传统的建模方法需要扩展到一个更为综合的框架并需要更坚实的实证研究基础上。基于该框架介绍内生技术变化模拟方法的未来可能拓展。     

公民对全球环境变化的响应——以上海、香港地区为例

工业革命以来，全球环境发生了前所未有的变化，将可能给地球系统带来灾难性后果，究其原因主要是由于人类活动造成的。人的行为深受意识的影响和制约,环境意识对于环境问题的产生和解决至关重要。本文选取上海、香港两个地区来分析公民对环境的关注度、公民的环保意识、环保行为以及公民对政府环境工作的看法和评价，研究公民对全球环境变化反应的区域差异，为政府制定相关环境保护政策提供理论依据。调查结果显示，上海、香港两地公民在很多环境闷题上具有共识。但是。在对手环境状况好转的期待值、参与环境保护活动的积极性、对人为因素主导力量的认识、环境保护与日常生活的切实关系、为环境保护的支付意愿、对于环境教育内容的认可度等方面存在着一定的差异。     

The ageing effect on the bioaccessibility and fractionation of arsenic in soils from China

Ingestion of contaminated soil has been recognized as an important exposure pathway of arsenic for humans, especially for children through outdoor hand-to-mouth activities. An improved sequential extraction procedure was employed in an attempt to reveal the relationship between bioaccessibility and fractionation of As in five soils from China. Arsenic bioaccessibility in acidic ( approximately pH 4.5) soils reached approximately stable levels after a sharp decline within one week of ageing. In contrast, As bioaccessibility in higher pH (>6.0) soils was found to be significantly higher and took two weeks of ageing to reach stable levels. The artificially added As was more labile than indigenous As. The main proportions of added As were found in the specifically sorbed and amorphous and poorly-crystalline hydrous Fe/Al oxide-bound fractions. Correlation analysis shows that the non-specifically and specifically sorbed As are likely to constitute the main proportion of bioaccessible soil As. The soil content of amorphous and crystalline Fe/Al oxides and soil pH appear to be the key factors controlling, not only the time needed to reach a steady state, but also the magnitude of the bioaccessibility of As added to the soils.     

Social Sciences and landscape analysis: opportunities for the improvement of conservation policy design

This article develops a methodology aimed at generating a systematic social diagnosis of social and natural landscapes. The analytical process is divided into six easily replicable and causatively connected steps. The goal is two-fold: first, to present the inextricable connections between physical landscapes and the communities that occupy them. And second, to provide a fundamental tool to public policy designers that should simultaneously improve social acceptability of conservation policies and policy efficiency and effectiveness. Finally, this methodology is consciously heterogeneous from a theoretical perspective. This article puts together, in fruitful dialogue, contributions from varying places on the social theory spectrum: from political economy to poststructural theory.     

红外法测定石油类的一些技巧及改进

针对红外分光光度法分析过程耗时、耗力、试剂用量大等问题,在保证分析质量的前提下对操作技术进行了一些改进。通过这些改进,对解决石油类测定过程中出现的一些问题,具有很好的应用价值。