Molecular perspectives and recent advances in microbial remediation of persistent organic pollutants

Nutrition and pollution stress stimulate genetic adaptation in microorganisms and assist in evolution of diverse metabolic pathways for their survival on several complex organic compounds. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are highly lipophilic in nature and cause adverse effects to the environment and human health by biomagnification through the food chain. Diverse microorganisms, harboring numerous plasmids and catabolic genes, acclimatize to these environmentally unfavorable conditions by gene duplication, mutational drift, hypermutation, and recombination. Genetic aspects of some major POP catabolic genes such as biphenyl dioxygenase (bph), DDT 2,3-dioxygenase, and angular dioxygenase assist in degradation of biphenyl, organochlorine pesticides, and dioxins/furans, respectively. Microbial metagenome constitutes the largest genetic reservoir with miscellaneous enzymatic activities implicated in degradation. To tap the metabolic potential of microorganisms, recent techniques like sequence and function-based screening and substrate-induced gene expression are proficient in tracing out novel catabolic genes from the entire metagenome for utilization in enhanced biodegradation. The major endeavor of today’s scientific world is to characterize the exact genetic mechanisms of microbes for bioremediation of these toxic compounds by excavating into the uncultured plethora. This review entails the effect of POPs on the environment and involvement of microbial catabolic genes for their removal with the advanced techniques of bioremediation.     

武汉城市圈空间组织演化评价

空间组织演化是空间自组织演化和经济社会发展耦合协同作用的结果。以武汉城市圈为研究对象,比较研究长三角、珠三角城市群和京津冀都市圈,利用空间相互作用强度、区域交通通达性和道路网络性评价武汉城市圈空间组织。结果显示：武汉城市圈在总量和规模等级等指标表征上弱于比较对象一个层级,尚处于发育的初级阶段;但武汉城市圈结构性指标表征良好,城镇空间组织演进良性,空间结构表现合理,从道路的网络性和通达性方面,与发达城市群（都市圈）差异不大,某些指标甚至超过了比较对象,表明武汉城市圈虽处于发展的初级阶段,但总体结构以及组织演化科学合理,发展健康     

A critical review of impact of and adaptation to climate change in developed and developing economies

Rapid change in climate is set to alter the delicate balance that exists between man and nature. It is more so for the region which are ecologically fragile. The literature to this effect points out that the poorest countries and communities are likely to suffer the most because of their geographic locations, low income and low institutional capacity, as well as their greater reliance on climate-sensitive sectors like agriculture. Even if climate mitigations plans are implemented properly there will be some degree of warming due to inertia of emissions already released. As such, there is a strong consensus about the need of adaptation to changing climatic conditions. Adaptation is believed to enhance the resilience against increasing climate variability. In this backdrop, the objective of the present paper is, therefore, to systematically and critically review the existing literature on the impacts of climate change and choice of adaptations across countries and draw insights for suggesting a comprehensive policy framework particularly for developing countries in this regard. The paper finds that the role of government and civil society is crucial for enabling efficient adaptation methods. Development policies and programs having synergy effect with climate change initiatives help adapt with the changing climate better. However, the availability of clean technology in developing countries will play the decisive role in controlling their growth rate of emission. This will be made feasible only when there is a better understanding of the problem between the developed and developing world about the eminent danger arising out of climate change.     

上海城市风暴潮灾害及其预测

风暴潮是上海地区最主要的自然灾害之一。其特点一是大的风暴潮灾害都是由于台风影响造成的;二是重灾区主要发生在沿杭州湾、长江口地区和市区;三是随首防潮设施防御能力提高而减轻,随地面下沉面加重;四是随着长江口、黄浦江潮位的不断抬高,黄浦江中上游地区潮灾加重。因而,预测可能最高潮位,因害设防,对于防灾减灾具有实践意义。     

战略环境影响评价(SEA)在中国的开展—区域环境评价(REA)

实践和研究表明 :传统的环境影响评价 (EIA) ,即在项目层次上开展的EIA ,不尽完美。而包含有战略环境影响评价的新一代EIA体系将很好的弥补项目EIA的不足 ,并且将可持续发展的思想真正贯彻到实际中去。中国在开展环境影响评价方面 ,也逐渐注重两个层次上EIA的开展 ,特别是结合当前发展的新特点 ,开展了区域环境影响评价。文章论证了区域环境评价 ,无论从层次上 ,还是从评价的对象、内容上都是属于战略环境影响的形式。并基于这个观点 ,介绍了区域环评在中国的开展及今后发展应注意的一些问题。     

人的二噁一日最大可摄取量(TDI)(日本)

介绍了日本 1999年度环境厅中央环境审议会环境保健分会 ,厚生省生活环境审议会 ,食品卫生调查会等发表的有关二的TDI的研究、计算、实验等方面内容     

“十五”规划期上海城市生态环境建设的战略重点与对策

评价了上海市的生态环境现状和制约因素,从人口结构优化,城乡融合规划,清洁生产与ISO1400认证,绿地生态建设,环境,环境教育与组织建设等方面研究了“十五”规划期间上海城市生态环境建设的战略重点与对策。     

地震前兆数据库及处理系统(JSOMEN)介绍

“九五”重点项目江苏省地震应急指挥系统建设中提出了建立基于Web的系统集成 ,全省地震前兆观测数据库及分析预报系统的建设是其中的一项重要内容。为此与中国地震局分析预报中心合作建立了江苏省前兆数据库和分析预报方法集成系统JSOMEN ,编写了适用于江苏前兆观测资料的控制主表 ,用C、VB等语言编写程序整理入库了 1 990年以来全省 4 3个测点 75个测项的一百多万组前兆观测数据 ,同时建立了台站和市局的前兆数据库 ,以达到全省前兆观测数据的共享     

黄河三角洲水环境现状调查

调查了黄河三角洲的排污现状及治理情况,分析评价了黄河三角洲地区的水环境质量。指出石油开采业和造纸黄河三角洲地区的主要污染行业。     

节能加热法测定高锰酸盐指数

用节能加热法代替水浴法测定高锰酸盐指数。使加热时间同30min缩短为10min,省时省电。经试验,该法与水浴法测定结果一致,可用于 批量环境监测样品分析。