Properties of mortars made by uncalcined FGD gypsum-fly ash-ground granulated blast furnace slag composite binder

A series of novel mortars were developed from composite binder of uncalcined FGD gypsum, fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) for the good utilization of flue gas desulphurization (FGD) gypsum. At a fixed ratio (20%) of GGBFS to the composite binder, keeping consistency of the mortar between 9.5 and 10.0 cm, the properties of the composite mortar were studied. The results show that higher water/binder (W/B) is required to keep the consistency when increasing the percentage of FGD gypsum. No obvious influences of the W/B and content of FGD gypsum on the bleeding of paste were observed which keeps lower than 2% under all experimental conditions tried. The highest compressive and flexural strengths (ratio is 20% FGD gypsum, 20% GGBFS and 60% FA) are 22.6 and 4.3 MPa at 28 days, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that massive ettringite crystals and C-S-H gels exist in the hydration products. At 90 days the mortars with FGD gypsum is dramatically smaller drying shrinkage (563-938 micro strain) than that without FGD gypsum (about 2250 micro strain). The release of the SO(4)(2-) from the mortar was analyzed, indicating that the dissolution of sulfate increases with FGD gypsum. The concentration of SO(4)(2-) releasing from the mortar with 10% FGD gypsum is almost equal to that obtained from the mortar without FGD gypsum. The release of SO(4)(2-) from the mortar with 20% FGD gypsum is 9200 mg·m(-2), which is lower than that from the mortar with 95% cement clinker and 5% FGD gypsum.     

中国南方红黄壤旱地多熟制效益的系统分析

我国南方有1.58亿亩的红黄壤旱地,目前生产力水平很低。为了开发红黄壤旱地,挖掘其生产潜力,我们于1986～1989年在江西南昌进行了多熟制的定位试验。结果表明,红黄壤旱地发展多熟制可以大幅度提高土地生产力,培肥地力,达到生态效益、经济效益和社会效益同步增长。同时,为了全面、合理地评价耕作制度,文章采用了综合评判的方法,对本试验的6个多熟制的效益进行了系统分析,对其优劣作了较客观的评价,但这一分析方法还有待进一步完善。     

Changes in Soil Properties After Establishment of Artemisia halodendron and Caragana microphylla on Shifting Sand Dunes in Semiarid Horqin Sandy Land, Northern China

In the semiarid Horqin sandy land of northern China, establishment of artificial sand-fixing shrubs on desertified sandy lands is an effective measure to control desertification and improve the regional environment. Caragana microphylla Lam. and Artemisia halodendron Turcz. ex Bess. are two of the dominant native shrub species, which are adapted well to windy and sandy environments, and thus, are widely used in revegetation programs to control desertification in Horqin region. To assess the effects of artificially planting these two shrub species on restoration of desertified sandy land, soil properties and plant colonization were measured 6 years after planting shrubs on shifting sand dunes. Soil samples were taken from two depths (0–5 cm and 5–20 cm) under the shrub canopy, in the mid-row location (alley) between shrub belts, and from nonvegetated shifting sand dune (as a control). Soil fine fractions, soil water holding capacity, soil organic C and total N have significantly increased, and pH and bulk density have declined at the 0–5-cm topsoil in both C. microphylla and A. halodendron. At the 5–20 cm subsurface soil, changes in soil properties are not significant, with exception of bulk density and organic C concentration under the canopy of A. halodendron and total N concentration under the canopy of C. microphylla. Soil amelioration processes are initiated under the shrub canopies, as higher C and N concentrations were found under the canopies compared with alleys. At the same time, the establishment of shrubs facilitates the colonization and development of herbaceous species. A. halodendron proved to have better effects in fixing the sand surface, improving soil properties, and restoring plant species in comparison to C. microphylla.     

气田水处理药剂的筛选及应用

为了确保气田水水质处理效果,除正确选择水处理工艺和装置外,还必须选择相应的化学处理药剂。针对川东气田水水质状况,对多种絮凝剂进行了评价和筛选室内实验。综合考虑5种药剂性能和价格,无机絮凝剂选择TSY4-1效果较好;综合考虑5种处理方法的效果和药剂价格,选择TSY4-2有机絮凝剂作有机浮选剂效果较好。为验证室内实验结果,在川东气田池34井和卧20井气田水处理站分别进行了现场应用实验。结果表明筛选的组合配方药剂完全能够替代进口水处理药剂,能满足川东气田水水质处理的需要。     

基于神经网络的重大危险源分级研究

利用人工种经网络系统理论，对重大危险源进行分级研究，介绍了危险源分级网络系统的结构、学习过程和分级方法，并在计算机上进行网络实现与模拟。实例结果表明，利用神经网络方法对重大危险源进行分级是合理可行的，具有一定的实用价值。     

水稻壮秧分蘖剂苗期抗冷效果初探

利用人工气候室在苗期施用水稻壮秧分蘖剂对水稻秧苗的形态及生理方面的表现进行了探讨。结果表明：水稻壮秧分蘖剂具有增加秧苗干物重,提高秧苗素质,降低电解质渗出率和提高脯氨酸含量的作用。同时增加了秧苗的分蘖能力和提高水稻产量。     

DEBRIS FLOW DISASTER AND ITS MITIGATION COUNTERMEASURES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE MOUNTAIN AREAS IN THE WESTERN CHINA

Debrisflowdisasterharmingcities/towns,trafficlinesandwaterconservancyisoneofthemostimportantdisastersandoneoftheprimaryfactorsofrestrictionofeconomicdevelop mentinwesternmountainareasofChina.Withtheimplementofwesterndevelopmentpro gram,mountaincities/townswillgrowrapidly.Theconflictionbetweenrapidgrowthofcities/townsinmountainareasanddeteriorationofdebrisflowwillbemoreserious,thusthere searchesonmitigationcountermeasuresarenecessaryfordevelopmentandconstructionofmountaincities/towns.Actualitya…     

Fenton氧化法在废水处理中的应用

Fenton氧化技术在水处理中的运用正得到越来越多的关注，本文总结了Fenton氧化技术的发展和研究现状，包括Fenton试剂反应机理，影响因素（pH,[Fe^2 ]/[H2O2],反应温度，投加方式，化学絮凝），反应动力学，改良形式等，并认为Fenton氧化技术是一种很有应用前景的废水处理技术。     

室内家具轰燃的实验研究

室内一旦发生火灾 ,轰燃出现之快慢是人们在有限的逃生时间和有限逃生能力下能否安全逃脱灾难的关键因素。笔者对室内典型家具的轰燃现象进行了实验研究 ,利用实验方法成功地观测到室内家具轰燃的全过程。介绍了轰燃实验的设计方法、实验的测量方法。大量的建筑室内家具轰燃实验 ,仍很难给出室内家具材质的轰燃准则和判别条件 ,对此应进一步开展研究工作。     

油品燃烧时油罐壁温的实验研究

应用ＴＶＳ－２０００ＳＴ型红外热象仪对在１３５ｍｍ×７８ｍｍ×１２０ｍｍ的长方罐中含水油品的燃烧过程进行了动态壁温的测量。实验结果表明：对小尺度油罐，一维热传导的理论是可行的。另外，发现在扬沸前夕油层的温度梯度并不下降，而总的温度值下降，这有助于理解扬沸形成的物理过程和正确地预报扬沸。