空气湿度对低浓度有机蒸气在活性炭上吸附平衡的影响

采用吸附柱穿透曲线法测定了30℃不同相对湿度（RH）下4种低浓度有机蒸气（VOC）在活性炭上的等温吸附量，结果表明，水蒸汽对VOC吸附平衡的抑制作用。随着RH的增大，VOC浓度的降低而增大，且随着VOC分子极性的增强则有所增大；VOC水蒸汽吸了平衡的抑制作用，随着VOC分子极性的增强是有所减弱，提出一个基于竞争吸附机理的olanyi-Dubi-min方程，解释空气湿度对低浓度VOC在活性炭吸附平衡的影响。     

杭州市城郊土壤重金属含量和形态的研究

研究了杭州市城郊文教居民区、风景旅游区、市郊农业区、市内商业区和市郊工业区等5种土地利用背景下的32个土样中8个重金属元素（Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Mn）的含量和形态。结果表明，杭州市城郊土壤已受重金属的明显污染，其中以Pb的污染最为严重。污染程度为：市郊工业区＞市内商业区＞风景旅游区＞文教居民区＞市郊农业区。用连续提取方法对重金属分级表明，Cd、Co、Cr和Ni主要以残余态为主，平均占总量的60％以上，而Cu、Pb、Zn和Mn主要以酸可提取态、氧化物结合态和有机结合态存在，有较大的释放潜力和生物有效性。     

铜离子冲击下活性污泥微生物多样性的分子生态学分析

采用基于 16SrDNA序列分析方法 ,在长度多态 (LPM)和 16SrDNA的GC含量二维水平分析了受重金属污染的活性污泥系统内细菌的优势种类和多样性 .设计的PCR引物可以将细菌分为三大类 :即 1)proteobacterialα&δ(变形杆菌α&δ) ,2 )pro teobacterialβ&γ(变形杆菌 β&γ) ,以及 3)flexibacter(屈桡杆菌 )和革兰氏阳性菌 .分析了未受重金属驯化和受重金属驯化的两类活性污泥系统在重金属作用下优势种和多样性的变化 ,结果显示未驯化的活性污泥系统多样性减少但优势种的变化微小 ,而驯化系统优势种有较大的变化 ,但多样性基本不变 .这一结果证实驯化有助于提高微生物对重金属的抗性     

青藏铁路工程对高原生态环境的影响

分析了青藏铁路工程建设生态环境的特点，探讨了青藏铁路建设对沿线冻融侵蚀、植被、冻土上限、沙漠化以及野生动物的影响，最后提出了铁路建设过程中的一些环境保护意义。     

气浮-生物接触氧化集成技术处理受污染水源水研究

针对受污染水源水,采用气浮-生物接触氧化集成技术进行中试研究,考察各影响因素对污染物去除效果的影响,优化工艺参数和运行条件,并进行了冬季低温运行研究.与现有生化-气浮串联工艺比较,处理受污染原水(NH3-N质量浓度为5～7 mg·L-1),集成装置能取得更好的处理效果,而且具有占地小、能耗低等优点.     

Effects of environmental factors on the production and release of matrix-bound phosphine from lake sediments

Effects of pH, temperature, and oxygen on the production and release of phosphine in eutrophic lake sediments were investigated under laboratory tests. Results indicated that the elimination of matrix-bound phosphine was accelerated under initial pH 1 or 12. Phosphine levels could reach maximum under initial pH 10. The contents of phosphine increased with the addition of alkali under pH 4–12. The rates of phosphine production and release from lake sediments varied with temperature. 20°C was the most favorable temperature for the production of matrix-bound phosphine. Oxygen showed little effect on matrix-bound phosphine. Matrix-bound phosphine concentrations in lake sediments were concluded to be dependent on a balance of natural generation and depletion processes. Translated from Acta Scientise Circumstantiae, 2005, 25(5): 681–685 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

Acid resistance of methanogenic bacteria in a two-stage anaerobic process treating high concentration methanol Wastewater

In this study, the two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system and batch experiments were employed to evaluate the performance of anaerobic digestion for the treatment of high concentration methanol wastewater. The acid resistance of granular sludge and methanogenic bacteria and their metabolizing activity were investigated. The results show that the pH of the first UASB changed from 4.9 to 5.8 and 5.5 to 6.2 for the second reactor. Apparently, these were not the advisable pH levels that common methanogenic bacteria could accept. The methanogenic bacteria of the system, viz. Methanosarcina barkeri, had some acid resistance and could still degrade methanol at pH 5.0. If the methanogenic bacteria were trained further, their acid resistance would be improved somewhat. Granular sludge of the system could protect the methanogenic bacteria within its body against the impact of the acidic environment and make them degrade methanol at pH 4.5. The performance of granular sludge was attributed to its structure, bacteria species, and the distribution of bacterium inside the granule. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2004, 24(4): 633–636 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

Cd对小花南芥真菌根际pH影响的研究

研究不同浓度的Cd对铅锌矿区和非矿区重金属超累积植物——小花南芥真菌根际pH的影响，以便更有效地减轻重金属污染。     

滇池湖滨区新农村建设中的污染防治工程技术方案研究

对滇池湖滨区农村环境现状及主要环境问题进行了详细分析，就工程总体思路、设计原则及主要考核指标体系等进行了探讨，提出沿湖农村非点源污染防治工程技术方案，即通过以沼气池为纽带的农村能源结构改造、村级污水处置处理和配套沟渠系统建设、村内垃圾处理处置以及普及卫生旱厕、村庄道路修缮及绿化等工程和管理措施，从源头上控制污染物产生量，减少入湖污染负荷，有效地解决滇池环湖新农村建设中的环境保护问题。     

Spatial distribution of ecological security status assessment of West-Liaohe River based on geographic information system

Eco-security assessment is a hot research area in resource and environmental science, which involves data with much spatial, non-linear, and random features. Geographic information system (GIS), as a useful tool to analyze and manage spatial information, has a superior advantage in this field. A case study in the western part of the Liaohe River featuring a method of eco-security spatial differences (ESSD) based on GIS is developed in this paper. The method includes four steps: 1) developing the pressure-state-response (P-S-R) framework with site data; 2) digitizing West-Liaohe River and setting its GRID database of ecosecurity assessment indicators; 3) figuring out the relative membership degree (RMD) of eco-security indicators by using the analytical hierarchy process with the weight of indicator; 4) classifying the security zone and mapping the assessment result of eco-security status in grid by GIS method of assigning and clustering. The visual spatial differences of eco-security based on GIS enables decision makers to know the status of eco-security better in making policies for achieving sustainability. __________ Translated from Environmental Science, 2005, 26(5): 28–33 [译自: 环境科学]