表面防护技术对混凝土结构耐久性能的影响

碳化及其导致的钢筋锈蚀是影响钢筋混凝土耐久性的重要因素。比较了混凝土表面浸渗、涂料涂覆及浸渗＋涂覆复合防护3种表面技术,开展了对混凝土防护的研究。通过碳化试验、紫外/冷凝加速气候老化试验以及混凝土内置钢筋电化学测量等检测手段,研究了3种表面防护技术对混凝土保护性能影响。结果表明,采用硅烷浸渗＋水性氟碳涂层的复合浸涂处理,可明显提高钢筋砼结构耐久性。     

Gene modification therapies for hereditary diseases in the fetus

Proof-of-principle disease models have demonstrated the feasibility of an intrauterine gene modification therapy (in utero gene therapy (IUGT)) approach to hereditary diseases as diverse as coagulation disorders, haemoglobinopathies, neurogenetic disorders, congenital metabolic, and pulmonary diseases. Gene addition, which requires the delivery of an integrating or episomal transgene to the target cell nucleus to be transcribed, and gene editing, where the mutation is corrected within the gene of origin, have both been used successfully to increase normal protein production in a bid to reverse or arrest pathology in utero. While most experimental models have employed lentiviral, adenoviral, and adeno-associated viral vectors engineered to efficiently enter target cells, newer models have also demonstrated the applicability of non-viral lipid nanoparticles. Amelioration of pathology is dependent primarily on achieving sustained therapeutic transgene expression, silencing of transgene expression, production of neutralising antibodies, the dilutional effect of the recipient's growth on the mass of transduced cells, and the degree of pre-existing cellular damage. Safety assessment of any IUGT strategy will require long-term postnatal surveillance of both the fetal recipient and the maternal bystander for cell and genome toxicity, oncogenic potential, immune-responsiveness, and germline mutation. In this review, we discuss advances in the field and the push toward clinical translation of IUGT.     

Perceived benefits of applying Pay for Safety Scheme (PFSS) in construction – A factor analysis approach

In recent years, construction safety has been a hot topic in Hong Kong. The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) has launched different safety measures to improve the prevailing safety performance of the construction industry. The Pay for Safety Scheme (PFSS) has emerged as one of the major safety initiatives launched within the public sector construction industry since 1996. It aims to encourage the safety awareness by taking the contractor’s pricing for safety-related items out from the consideration of competitive bidding. The objective is to provide a concise review of the prevailing application of PFSS in Hong Kong in general, and to identify and analyse the key benefits of PFSS in construction through an industry-wide empirical questionnaire survey in particular. Altogether, 145 industrial practitioners who have derived extensive hands-on experience with the PFSS construction projects participated in the survey to indicate their levels of agreement to those 14 key benefits identified which were measured and analysed by factor analysis. The results of factor analysis indicated that the 14 individual benefits of implementing PFSS were consolidated under four underlying factors: (1) Enhancing safety climate and attitude; (2) Promoting effective safety-related communication; (3) Streamlining the safety procedures; and (4) Ensuring adequate safety training. A wider application of PFSS should be encouraged with a view to achieving better safety performance within the industry. It is recommended that a similar scheme to PFSS currently applied in Hong Kong may be developed for implementation in other regions or countries for international comparisons.     

城市化对河流着生硅藻物种和功能多样性的影响—以深圳市河流为例

着生藻类是河流生态系统的主要初级生产者, 了解城市化对着生藻类多样性的影响对于城市河流管理具有重要意义. 本研究以深圳市河流为例, 研究了河流着生硅藻性状及物种、功能多样性对城市干扰的响应. 研究发现城区和郊区的水质状况差异显著. 城区样点的NH₄⁺-N、NO₂-N、TN、TP和DOC浓度是郊区的3~20倍不等. 水环境的巨大变化也导致了河流着生藻类生物多样性的变化. 城区组物种丰富度、Pielou指数和Simpson指数均显著高于郊区组, 而功能均匀度则显著低于郊区组. 并且在21个硅藻性状中, 有15个性状在城区和郊区组间存在显著差异. 进一步用随机森林模型拟合着生藻类生物多样性与水质指标的关系, 结果发现硅藻性状对城市化反应较其他指标更为敏感. 特别是小型、可动、低共位群和运动群这4个性状指标, 构建的随机森林模型解释率能达到40%~60%, 而生物多样性指数构建的模型解释率只有15%~25%左右. 总体来说, TP和TN是影响城市河流着生硅藻多样性的主要水质指标. 在营养水平高的城市样点. 个体较大、能够移动的硅藻占有主导地位; 而在营养水平较低的郊区样点, 个体较小、有柄的低共位群硅藻更具优势. 我们的研究表明了硅藻性状在响应环境变化方面的敏感性, 硅藻性状是对河流生态状况进行评估的一项重要工具.     

The Janus face of paternalistic leaders: Authoritarianism,benevolence, subordinates' organization‐based self‐esteem,and performance

We investigated how the two components of paternalistic leadership, namely authoritarianism and benevolence, jointly influenced work performance through their impacts on organization‐based self‐esteem (OBSE). Using a sample of 686 supervisor–subordinate dyads collected from a manufacturing firm in the People's Republic of China, we found that OBSE mediated the negative relationship between authoritarian leadership on one hand and subordinate task performance and organizational citizenship behavior toward the organization (OCBO) on the other. We also found that the negative effect of authoritarian leadership on subordinate OBSE, task performance, and OCBO was weaker when supervisors exhibited higher levels of leader benevolence. Also, OBSE mediated the joint effect of authoritarian leadership and benevolent leadership on subordinate task performance and OCBO. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

城市韧性与科技创新耦合协调发展研究——以成渝地区双城经济圈为例

以成渝地区双城经济圈为空间载体,运用熵值法、重心模型和修正耦合协调度模型等方法,分析了2005—2019年成渝地区双城经济圈城市韧性与科技创新的发展水平、重心变动特征及耦合协调发展水平。结果表明:①城市韧性和科技创新的发展水平均呈稳步提升态势,但整体发展水平较低。②城市韧性与科技创新的重心经历了复杂的迁移过程,且二者重心的空间叠置性显著上升,迁移方向基本趋于一致,空间耦合趋势明显。③城市韧性与科技创新的耦合协调水平稳步提升,但整体仍处于失调阶段,总体呈“成都、重庆双核高,周边低”的空间分布格局,且科技创新滞后现象日益突出。     

VE生产废水的短程硝化反硝化研究

应用短程硝化 反硝化工艺在维生素E废水生物脱氮处理中的实验研究。结果表明 ,当溶解氧浓度为 0 85mg L时的亚硝化率 (NO-2 N NO-x N)为 18 9% ,远远 >溶解氧 2 6 5mg L时的 1 13% ;通过对回流污泥 12h的缺氧选择处理 ,出水中的NO-2 由原来的 2 5mg L上升到 2 5 6mg L ,相应的污泥中亚硝化细菌与硝化细菌的数量比值由 0 4 5提高到 2 4 4 ;在进水中投加 5～ 10mg L的ClO-3能够使污泥中硝酸细菌的活性受到明显抑制 ,但污泥中硝酸细菌的数量却增加了。在停止向进水中投加氯酸根离子后硝酸细菌活性可以缓慢恢复 ,15d后系统的亚硝化率稳定在 5 5 %～ 5 8%。     

佛山市垃圾填埋场地下废气组成与产量研究

在佛山市五峰山垃圾卫生填埋场安装地下废气监测井,对地下废气的组成与性质进行监测,在位于较迟填埋垃圾区域的监测井内,地下废气ＣＨ４、ＣＯ２的浓度较高,较稳定,在位于较早填埋垃圾区域的监测井内,地上废气ＣＨ４、ＣＯ２的浓度较低,变化也较大,且在最后一次监测中,井内的废气已失去了垃圾填埋场废气的特征,说明地下垃圾的厌氧分解过程已经完成或者厌氧环境已被破坏,前后只约持续了４ａ的时间,远低于预期所需的１０－     

Communication,neighbourhood belonging and household hurricane preparedness

This paper reports on an examination of data on how local residents in Tuscaloosa, a mid‐sized city in the state of Alabama, United States, responded to Hurricane Ivan of September 2004. The evaluation revealed that an integrated connection to community‐level communication resources—comprising local media, community organisations and interpersonal networks—has a direct impact on the likelihood of engaging in pre‐hurricane preparedness activities and an indirect effect on during‐hurricane preparedness activities. Neighbourhood belonging mediated the relation between an integrated connection to community‐level communication resources and during‐hurricane preparedness activities. Neighbourhood belonging was determined to increase the likelihood of taking preparedness actions during Hurricane Ivan, but not prior to it. In addition, we discovered an interesting pattern for two different types of risk perceptions: social and personal risk perceptions. Social risk perceptions increase the likelihood of taking preventative steps before a hurricane while personal risk perceptions are positively related to engaging in preventative action during a hurricane.     

A comparison of European and North American atmospheric deposition networks: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and lindane

A comparison between the sampling and analytical methods used by Canadian (IADN) and German (OSPAR) regional monitoring networks for persistent organic pollutants was conducted from September 2002 to October 2003 at a rural site in Ontario, Canada. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the currently-used pesticide lindane were measured in precipitation and ambient air samples. Overall the two networks sampling and analytical methods agreed well in their results of deposition (wet and dry particulate). Lindane concentrations between the two networks agreed well in the air samples while too few precipitation samples could be compared to conclude on agreement. The lindane seasonal profile with a peak in spring-early summer was consistent with previous results pointing to the continued use of this pesticide in 2002-2003 in Canada. Annual lindane wet depositions were comparable between the two network methodologies. PAHs concentrations in precipitation and in gas phase agreed well while there was a discrepancy for particulate PAHs in air. This study confirmed that the use of data from the two regional POPs monitoring networks for hemispherical modelling studies is warranted.