大蒜加工废水的活性污泥培养驯化研究

试验选用生活污水处理厂、化肥厂、友谊河的活性污泥作为菌种进行培养实验,培养过程中,考查温度、营养物质的添加等因素对污泥培养的影响,结果证明,大蒜废水本身有机物和其他无机物之间的比例还是比较协调的,营养物质米泔水的添加对大蒜加工废水COD的降解帮助不大.然而,温度对大蒜加工废水活性污泥的培育影响显著,从整体上看,随着温度的升高,COD去除率也增加.实验还显示经过培养,当水温为15℃时,系统的沉降性能变差,出水未沉降絮体增多,并出现污泥膨胀现象,综合考虑,确定25℃为最佳培养温度.     

Highlights and new Editorial Advisory Board members of the Journal of Environmental Sciences

正The Journal of Environmental Sciences(JES)is honored to welcome Professors/Drs William A.Mitch,Jiuhui Qu,Susan D.Richardson,Jerald L.Schnoor,Hongxiao Tang,Shu Tao,and Hugh A.Tilson to serve on the Editorial Advisory Board(EAB).Their tremendous experience in scientific publications,leading expertise in topic areas pertinent to JES,diverse international networks/perspectives,and exemplary dedication to scientific excellence will guide and help the continuing healthy growth of JES.     

填料型A2/O工艺污水处理及反硝化除磷效能

填料型A~2/O工艺是在A~2/O工艺的基础上通过向厌氧池、缺氧池、好氧池中投加醛化纤维式组合填料,将传统活性污泥法与生物膜法相结合组成一套脱氮除磷的新系统,文章对填料型A~2/O工艺与传统A~2/O工艺处理生活污水的效果进行了对比研究,以及对该复合式工艺在不同硝化液回流比下反硝化除磷能力进行了分析.研究结果表明,相同条件下,填料型A~2/O工艺对生活污水的处理效果要优于传统A~2/O工艺,分别使COD和氨氮的去除率达到92.5%和93.1%.试验通过增加硝化液回流比的措施使得反硝化聚磷菌在填料上富集程度增大,当硝化液回流比为300%时,缺氧池的NO-3-N浓度为3.03 mg·L~(-1),吸磷量最大为26.28 mg·L~(-1),胞内聚合物PHB代谢活性最好,利用率最高为1.32 g·g~(-1)·L~(-1).体现了填料型A~2/O工艺具有显著的反硝化除磷效果.     

Cover features and new Associate Editors of the Journal of Environmental Sciences

正We are very pleased to announce that five Associate Editors have joined the editorial team of the Journal of Environmental Sciences(JES).Professors/Drs.Yong Cai,Paul Lam,Jonathan Martin,Michael Plewa,and Po Keung Wong bring a wealth of expertise in environmental sciences.As preeminent scientists in their chosen areas of research,they have made outstanding contributions to the discipline of environmental     

滇池水生植物分布对沉积物间隙水中不同形态氮的影响

为揭示水生植物分布对滇池沉积物间隙水中各形态氮质量浓度的影响,于2015年6月在滇池分别采集有植物区域和无植物区域的沉积物柱状样,检测间隙水及上覆水中DTN(溶解性总氮)、NH₄+-N、NO₃--N和DON(溶解性有机氮)的质量浓度,分析其垂向变化特征以及水生植物对间隙水中各形态氮的释放控制效果. 结果表明:①水生植物改变了柱状沉积物间隙水中不同形态氮的分布规律,并且这种改变随湖区不同而表现不尽一致;②水生植物显著降低了沉积物间隙水中DON的贡献率,有植物分布区域ρ(DON)对ρ(DTN)的平均贡献率为41.05%,无植物区域可达58.48%;③水生植物显著抑制了沉积物中无机氮的释放,促进了DON的转化,同一采样点有植物区域NH₄+-N和NO₃--N的沉积物-水界面扩散通量分别比无植物区域平均降低了87.52%和91.99%;④水生植物生长显著削减了沉积物间隙水中氮的质量浓度,其中ρ(DON)的削减率达到了53.27%~80.42%. 研究显示,水生植物根系作为微生物和多种活性酶的主要载体,为沉积物有机氮的矿化降解起到了促进作用.      

滇池河流氮入湖负荷时空变化及形态组成贡献

为给进一步实施滇池入湖污染控制及小流域污染治理提供依据,以滇池环湖28条河流入湖水量及水体中不同形态氮的质量浓度逐月调查数据为基础,研究了滇池河流不同形态氮的入湖浓度(ρ)和入湖负荷的时空变化,并探讨了不同形态氮的入湖负荷贡献. 结果表明:①滇池河流入湖ρ(TN)在2.91～94.01 mg/L之间,以ρ(DIN)(DIN为溶解性无机氮)最高,而ρ(DON)(DON为溶解性有机氮)和ρ(PN)(PN为颗粒态氮)均较低. ②滇池河流氮入湖负荷总量为6 908.47 t/a,绝大多数河流以DIN负荷为主,平均贡献为67.15%;DON和PN入湖负荷贡献相近,平均分别为17.86%和14.99%. ③不同形态氮入湖负荷贡献的季节性差异明显,DIN入湖负荷较高值出现在春夏季(3—9月),平均贡献达74.01%;DON入湖负荷较高值则出现在秋冬季(9月—翌年1月),平均贡献达33.42%;PN入湖负荷贡献月份变化差异较小,最高值出现在2月,贡献为40.19%. ④滇池河流氮入湖负荷不仅要考虑DIN的贡献,也应重视DON和PN负荷,控制滇池河流氮入湖负荷需要考虑不同河流不同形态氮负荷组成及其季节性差异,有针对性地采取相应措施.      

UASB反应器对印染废水中碳、氮、硫的协同去除研究

采用"UASB-缺氧好氧-混凝沉淀"组合工艺对印染废水进行中试处理研究.结果发现,UASB反应器不仅可以解决印染废水可生化性低、色度高的问题,还对废水中的碳、氮、硫具有协同去除作用,优化条件下UASB可将废水B/C从0.18~0.26提高至0.4以上,对色度、COD、TN、SO_4~(2-)、S~(2-)平均去除率分别为77.0%、36.4%、38.5%、77.5%、60.1%.同时,为了探究碳、氮、硫协同去除机理,对优化条件下的运行数据进行了分析并采用454高通量测序技术进行菌种鉴定.结果表明,UASB反应器内存在硫酸盐还原、厌氧氨化、同步脱硫反硝化和硝化反硝化4种作用,从而造成了碳、氮、硫的同步去除.菌种鉴定未发现产甲烷菌,说明产甲烷菌受到了抑制,UASB反应器很好地停留在了水解酸化阶段.进一步结合小试研究得出,硫酸盐还原是促使硝化反硝化、脱硫反硝化产生的原因,同时也促进了有机物去除.总体而言,硫酸盐还原促进了碳、氮、硫的协同去除.     

郑州市环境空气污染变化规律研究

文章对河南省郑州市大气中的四种污染物臭氧、二氧化氮、一氧化碳和PM2.5的时间变化规律进行了分析,并初步探讨了日变化、年变化规律及其影响因素.臭氧呈现出单峰型变化规律,NO2、CO及PM2.5近似为双峰双谷型.年变化规律表现为单峰型,臭氧浓度在夏季达到最大值,冬季达到最低值,而其余三种污染物在冬季浓度达到最高值,在夏季浓度达到最低值.     

Case Study Comparing Multiple Irrigated Land Datasets in Arizona and Colorado,USA

While there are currently a number of irrigated land datasets available for the western United States (U.S.), there is uncertainty regarding in how they relate to each other. To help understand the characteristics of available irrigated datasets, we compared (1) the Cropland Data Layer (CDL), (2) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Irrigated Agriculture Dataset (IAD), (3) Digitized Irrigated Land (DIL), and (4) Consumptive Use for Irrigation (CUI) data in Arizona and Colorado, U.S. These datasets were derived from multiple sources at various spatial resolutions and temporal scales. We found spatial and temporal trends among all of them. The datasets showed decreases in irrigated land area in Arizona during the 2000–2010 time period. The change ranges and ratios were similar in all Arizona datasets. Irrigated land in Colorado decreased in DIL and CUI but increased in IAD and CDL. The agreement within the same type of dataset during different time periods was from 60% to 80% (R² from 0.35 to 0.72) in Arizona and from 50% to 80% (R² from 0.23 to 0.68) in Colorado. DIL had the highest agreement (80%) in both states. The agreement among different datasets acquired at approximately the same time frame ranged from 51% to 63% (R² from 0.14 to 0.31) in Arizona and from 47% to 69% (R² from 0.32 to 0.40) in Colorado. The results from this study support a greater understanding of the multiresolution and multitemporal nature of these datasets for various applications.     

美日臭氧污染问题及治理经验借鉴研究

以臭氧(O_3)为主要成分的"光化学氧化剂"是光化学烟雾的真身。臭氧污染受臭氧前体物排放及其复杂的相互转化关系控制,导致臭氧污染问题在治理过程中具有高度的复杂性和反复性,甚至成为全球性环境难题。我国城市群臭氧污染问题继PM2.5污染后日趋突出,本文探讨和总结了美国洛杉矶、日本东京等大都市在污染治理方面的经验,以期为我国构建更加全面、科学、系统的治理体系推进臭氧污染防治工作提供借鉴。