造纸废水处理人工湿地系统规划研究

造纸废水是最难治理的废水之一，现在处理技术上并没有得到最大突破；但在土地资源相对比较丰富的地区，通过对处理废水人工湿地系统的合理规划与设计，可以实现污染的零排放，并最终使污水资源化。本文对射阳双灯纸厂造纸废水处理人工湿地系统进行研究，提出合理的废水处理工艺流程与设计，以期达到经济发展与环境保护的协同。     

厌氧氨氧化工艺在UASB反应器中的启动运行研究

利用UASB反应器进行了厌氧氨氧化工艺的启动运行研究。以自配高氮低碳废水为进水,普通厌氧污泥为接种污泥,在温度35℃,pH7.5～8.0的条件下连续运行220d,成功实现了厌氧氨氧化工艺的启动,氨氮容积负荷为0.43kg/(m~3·d)时,氨氮的去除率最高达88.3％,扫描电镜的观察结果表明,厌氧氨氧化污泥中的细菌以形状不规则的短杆菌为主。     

淮安市水污染控制规划研究

淮安市严重的水污染已威胁到当地饮用水及南水北调东线调水的水质安全。根据水污染形势，提出了淮安市“控源导流、清污两制、3级控制、3级标准”的水污染控制战略。基于这一基本思想，构建了淮安市污染源头控制、污水集中处理、尾水调度处置的水污染全过程控制规划方案，确定了淮河入海水道南偏泓作为淮安市区域城市尾水的受纳与处置通道，论证了尾水生态系统的构成、尾水的调度方案，并对南偏泓3级河道稳定塘的水质进行了模拟。     

淮河入海水道南泓生态工程规划研究

在“控制导流,清污两制”的战略指导下,借助淮河入海水道的水工设施,利用南泓作为三淮一洪地区城市污水的调度通道和生态处理场所,尾水最终入海。研究表明,南泓生态工程净化能力显著,基本不会对沿线环境卫生、地下水、下游地面水及海口生态构成影响,是淮阴市三淮一洪以至下游滨海、阜宁地区未来污水安全可靠的出路。     

A/DAT-IAT生物膜工艺与活性污泥法处理高含盐废水对比试验

主要研究A/DAT-IAT(前置厌氧/好氧-间歇曝气池)生物膜工艺的启动,并将该工艺处理高含盐废水的结果与活性污泥法进行比较。结果表明,在总水力停留时间(HRT)为13.5h、pH=7.5、25℃、含盐量为60g/L(以NaCl计)的条件下,A/DAT-IAT生物膜工艺的启动时间为8d,比活性污泥法缩短了10d左右。待反应器运行稳定后,A/DAT-IAT生物膜工艺对CODCr、NH4+-N、PO43--P的去除率分别为80.3%、79.0%、92.4%,反应器内微生物量为11.3g/L;A/DAT-IAT生物膜工艺与活性污泥法相比,CODCr、NH4+-N、PO43--P去除率分别提高了5.8%、11.2%、16.9%,微生物量增加了3.1g/L。     

高氨氮浓度下的亚硝化过程及其影响因素研究

利用小试 CSTR反应器对高氨氮浓度条件下的亚硝化过程进行了试验研究 ,结果表明 :35℃时 ,在无污泥回流的情况下 ,运行 2 6 d后即实现了亚硝化 ,从第 73d开始出水中检测不出 NO3- ;在增加了连续污泥回流的情况下 ,反应器的运行更稳定 ,且出水中仍检测不到 NO3- ;反应器内的污泥具有很高的氨氧化活性 ,其最大氨氧化速率可达 3.0 1 kg N H+ 4- N / ( kg VSS· d) ;并利用间歇试验对 p H和 DO等对氨氧化速率的影响进行了研究     

Characterization of top phase oil obtained from co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and poplar sawdust

To research the impact of adding sawdust on top phase oil, a sewage sludge and poplar sawdust co-pyrolysis experiment was performed in a fixed bed. Gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometry (MS) was used to analyze the component distribution of top phase oil. Higher heating value, viscosity, water content, and pH of the top phase oil product were determined. The highest top phase oil yield (5.13 wt%) was obtained from the mixture containing 15 % poplar sawdust, while the highest oil yield (16.51 wt%) was obtained from 20 % poplar sawdust. Top phase oil collected from the 15 % mixture also has the largest amount of aliphatics and the highest higher heating value (28.6 MJ/kg). Possible reaction pathways were proposed to explain the increase in the types of phenols present in the top phase oil as the proportion of poplar sawdust used in the mixture increased. It can be concluded that synergetic reactions occurred during co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and poplar sawdust. The results indicate that the high ash content of the sewage sludge may be responsible for the characteristic change in the top phase oil obtained from the mixtures containing different proportions of sewage sludge and poplar sawdust. Consequently, co-pyrolysis of the mixture containing 15 % poplar sawdust can increase the yield and the higher heating value of top phase oil.     

啶酰菌胺在斑马鱼体内的富集特性及其对SDH和复合物Ⅱ活性的抑制

为进一步探索啶酰菌胺对水生生物的毒性,选择斑马鱼为供试生物,采用半静态法,研究了啶酰菌胺在斑马鱼体内的富集与消除规律及对其肝脏和鳃的毒性作用。结果表明,斑马鱼暴露于0.08、0.32 mg·L~(-1)中,14 d后均达到富集平衡,28 d生物富集系数(BCF_(28 d))分别为35.50和36.72。在0.16、0.32 mg·L~(-1)浓度下,斑马鱼的比肝重(HSI)和比鳃重(BSI)均明显高于对照组,而肝脏和鳃中琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)和线粒体呼吸链复合物II活性均明显低于对照组,浓度低于0.08 mg·L~(-1)时,对斑马鱼无明显影响。由此可知,啶酰菌胺对斑马鱼为中等富集性,并对其肝脏和鳃有一定毒性作用。     

Tributyltin exposure causes brain damage in Sebastiscus marmoratus

Tributyltin (TBT) is a ubiquitous marine environmental contaminant characterized primarily by its reproductive toxicity. However, the neurotoxic effect of TBT has not been extensively described, especially in fishes which have a high number of species in the marine environment. This study was conducted to investigate the neurotoxic effects of TBT at environmental levels (1, 10, and 100ngl(-1)) on female Sebastiscus marmoratus. The results showed that TBT exposure induced apoptosis in brain cells of three regions including the pallial areas of the telencephalon, the granular layer of the optic tectum, and the cerebellum. In addition, the increase of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide levels, and the decrease of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity were found in the brain. The results strongly indicated neurotoxicity of TBT to fishes. According to the regions in which apoptosis was found in the brain, TBT exposure might influence the schooling, sensory and motorial functions of fishes.