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131.
132.
The cadmium binding properties of waters of the superior section of the Rio de la Plata estuarine were determined over a three-year period. Samples were collected at different hydrodynamic conditions. The complexing capacity was determined by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). Titration curve data were analyzed using a multivariable regression. Suspended particulate matter (SPM) was identified by XR diffraction and FTIR. These analyses showed that SPM principal components are clays (illite, montmorillonite and chlorite). The study was applied to the untreated, filtered and centrifuged fractions of each sample at the pH of the natural waters and at pH 1. The results show that the contribution of dissolved organic matter to the complexing capacity is negligible when compared with SPM. At natural pH, the complexing capacity of filtered and untreated fractions can be described by considering two kinds of binding sites. The associated conditional binding constants are independent of the concentration of suspended matter. Their average logarithms are ca. 6.5 and ca. 4.4. The total concentration of binding sites (S(T)) is in microM range, which is about three orders of magnitude higher than that reported for most of the studied estuaries. This difference is explained on the basis of the great amount of SPM. Hydrodynamic conditions produce variations in the concentration and composition of the SPM. At pH 1 samples still exhibit an important complexing capacity with only one binding site with log K(cond) ca. 5.4. These differences could be attributed to superficial modifications that take place at very low pH. 相似文献
133.
Collections made in the course of long-term field studies on ecology of the northern mole vole Ellobius talpinus Pall. in the Ural Region and neighboring areas (more than 2000 individuals from 24 points of the species range) were used
to analyze geographic variation in its coat color (color morphs). On the basis of long-term observations (1985–1999) on marked
animals from a polymorphic population (Kurtamyshskii raion, Kurgan oblast), the life spans of males and females and the dependence
of life span on population density and structure were estimated in animals of different color morphs. Each color morph of
E. talpinus was shown to have specific features of the seasonal dynamics of age structure and migrations. 相似文献
134.
Ohne Zusammenfassung
Original erschienen in UWSF – Z Umweltchem ?kotox 20(2):133–144 (2008) DOI:
Herausgeber: Martin Pehnt und Eckard Helmers 相似文献
135.
This study combined laboratory based microcosm systems as well as field experiments to evaluate the mobility of atrazine on a Ultisol under humid tropical conditions in Brazil. Results from sorption experiments fit to the Freundlich isotherm model [K(f) 0.99 mg kg(-1)/(mg l(-1))(1/n)], and indicate a low sorption capacity for atrazine in this soil and consequently large potential for movement by leaching and runoff. Microcosm systems using (14)C-atrazine to trace the fate of the applied herbicide, showed that 0.33% of the atrazine was volatilized, 0.25% mineralized and 6.89% was recorded in the leachate. After 60 d in the microcosms, 75% of the (14)C remained in the upper 5 cm soil layer indicating atrazine or its metabolites remained close to the soil surface. In field experiments, after 60 d, only 5% of the atrazine applied was recovered in the upper soil layers. In the field experiments atrazine was detected at a depth of 50 cm indicating leaching. Simulating tropical rain in field experiments resulted in 2.1% loss of atrazine in runoff of which 0.5% was adsorbed onto transported soil particles and 1.6% was in solution. Atrazine runoff was greatest two days after herbicide application and decreased 10 fold after 15 d. The use of atrazine on Ultisols, in the humid tropics, constitutes a threat to water quality, causing surface water and ground water pollution. 相似文献
136.
Oritani Marsh in the Hackensack Meadowlands of urbanized northeastern New Jersey USA was assessed in 2000 for vegetation,
soil/sediment chemistry, abundance/diversity of benthic invertebrates, and bird and mammal usage. Vegetatively, both marsh
and uplands are dominated by tall, dense Phragmites australis. Small patches (less than 2 hectares total) dominated by Spartina spp. were found at the lowest elevations. Soil/sediment cores were sliced into 5 intervals and analyzed for metals, pesticides
and volatile/semivolatile organic compounds. Thirteen locations had at least one chemical above Long et al.’s [Environmental Management, 19, 1995, 81--97] “Effects Range-Median” (ERM). Seven metals and nine organics exceeded ERM in at least one sample, with mercury
showing the most exceedances. The surface 15 cm interval was generally more contaminated with metals than the 15 to 30 cm
interval; the reverse was true for semivolatile organic compounds. Twenty taxa of benthic macroinvertebrates were collected,
with each location producing from 1 to 9 taxa. Abundance ranged from 11 to 3,889 individuals/m2. Number of taxa was moderately (r
2 between 0.40 and 0.70) negatively correlated with zinc, beryllium, nickel and arsenic concentrations; no other chemical’s
r
2 was above 0.25. Diversity was moderately negatively correlated with arsenic and beryllium. These correlations were unexpected:
zinc, beryllium, nickel and arsenic were not the chemicals found at the highest concentrations relative to benchmarks. Number
of taxa, abundance and diversity were moderately (negatively) correlated with elevation; organic carbon was moderately (positively)
correlated with abundance. All other correlations were weak (r
2 < 0.35). Live traps captured only one mammal species, the meadow jumping mouse. Bird observations revealed 39 species, dominated
by a few common species. 相似文献
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