马克思自然观的生态意义

摘要：当代社会，生态问题已成为全球性的问题。但早在马克思生存的时代就已经初露端倪，马克思对此进行了详细的阐述并且提出了解决途径。     

南太子湖污水处理厂计算机自动控制系统

武汉市南太子湖污水处理厂为了实现污水处理后达标排放,同时提高污水处理厂的现代化管理水平,大幅度降低污水处理厂工作人员的劳动强度,达到科学、安全、可靠生产运行的目的,采用了计算机自动控制系统.根据南太子湖污水处理厂的实际情况,讨论了该自动控制系统的设计思路,尤其对该系统主要工艺部分自动控制策略的设计原理及实现方法进行详细的分析,并通过现场实地调试及系统目前良好的运行状态,证明了所设计方法的正确性及可靠性.     

商业钛白粉的脱硝性能

对商业催化剂中最常见的载体钛白粉的脱硝活性和选择性展开实验研究,探究了不同钛白粉在相同实验参数下脱硝率的差异和N2O生成量的变化规律,并从组成成分、比表面积和孔容积等方面对各种钛白粉进行对比分析,以探究其脱硝性能差异的原因。实验表明,6001和6002表现出相似的脱硝活性,且高于6003和6009;WO3能较为有效地发挥活性组分的作用,而Na2O、K2O等对于脱硝活性的影响不大;6001在低于400℃时生成更多的N2O,但超过400℃后明显低于6003和6009;负载WO3和掺加SiO2对钛白粉的孔隙结构没有太大的影响,但BaSO4的添加会显著影响钛白粉的孔隙结构。     

混凝法去除城市生活污水中抗性基因

采用聚合氯化铝(PACl)和聚合硫酸铁(PFS)混凝处理城市生活污水(格栅出水和二级出水),考察混凝剂投加量、p H值对污水中抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)的去除率影响。结果表明,随着PACl和PFS投加量的增加,污水中目标基因的去除率先升高后降低;在p H 3~10的范围内,PACl对目标基因的去除效果随p H值的增加而降低,PFS对目标基因的去除随着p H值的增加先升高后降低。对于格栅出水,PACl和PFS的最佳投加量为400 mg/L,基因的去除率分别达到2.33~2.97 log和0.98~2.11 log,对于二级出水,PACl和PFS的最佳投加量分别为200 mg/L和150 mg/L,基因的去除率分别为1.85~2.64log、1.81~2.46 log;混凝去除最优p H条件分别为p H=3(投加PACl)及p H=5~6(投加PFS)。PACl的处理效果优于PFS。     

Enhancing the Ability of a Soil Moisture‐based Index for Agricultural Drought Monitoring by Incorporating Root Distribution

Agricultural drought differs from meteorological, hydrological, and socioeconomic drought, being closely related to soil water availability in the root zone, specifically for crop and crop growth stage. In previous studies, several soil moisture indices (e.g., the soil moisture index, soil water deficit index) based on soil water availability have been developed for agricultural drought monitoring. However, when developing these indices, it was generally assumed that soil water availability to crops was equal throughout the root zone, and the effects of root distribution and crop growth stage on soil water uptake were ignored. This article aims to incorporate root distribution into a soil moisture‐based index and to evaluate the performance of the improved soil moisture index for agricultural drought monitoring. The Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain of China was used as the study area. Overall, soil moisture indices were significantly correlated with the crop moisture index (CMI), and the improved root‐weighted soil moisture index (RSMI) was more closely related to the CMI than averaged soil moisture indices. The RSMI correctly identified most of the observed drought events and performed well in the detection of drought levels. Furthermore, the RSMI had a better performance than averaged soil moisture indices when compared to crop yield. In conclusion, soil moisture indices could improve agricultural drought monitoring by incorporating root distribution.     

An overview of municipal solid waste management in China

Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) in China warrants particular attention as China has become the largest MSW generator in the world and the total amount of MSW it produces continues to increase. In recent years, central and local governments have made great efforts to improve MSWM in China. New regulations and policies have been issued, urban infrastructure has been improved, and commercialization and international cooperation have been encouraged. Considering these developments, an overview is necessary to analyze the current state as well as new opportunities and challenges regarding MSWM in China. This paper shows that since the late 1990s, the amount of MSW collected has been largely decoupled from economic growth and incineration has become an increasingly widespread treatment method for MSW. We identify and discuss four major challenges and barriers related to China’s MSWM, and propose an integrated management framework to improve the overall eco-efficiency of MSWM.     

突变灰盖鬼伞过氧化物酶降解刚果红的响应面法优化分析

酶法降解偶氮染料刚果红是一个复杂的过程，受温度、pH、酶量、刚果红浓度和双氧水浓度显著影响。为研究各因素及因素间交互作用对刚果红降解影响，提高刚果红的降解率，分别使用单因素法和响应面分析法对刚果红降解条件进行了优化。单因素实验结果显示灰盖鬼伞过氧化物酶降解刚果红的最适条件为：pH5．0、32℃、酶量4．98u、双氧水0．1mmol／L、刚果红20mg／L，此时刚果红最高降解率为34．84％。然后选双氧水浓度、刚果红浓度和灰盖鬼伞过氧化物酶量作为3个因素，通过中心组合设计实验，用响应面法对刚果红降解进行优化分析，最后得到一个拟合度良好的二次多项方程模型（R2=0．9900）。方差分析结果显示，刚果红浓度和酶量是影响最显著的因素，双氧水与酶以及染料与酶之间的交互作用极显著。响应面分析优化后的反应体系为：双氧水浓度0．15mmol／L，刚果红浓度为27．21mg／L，酶为2．07U，在此条件下，刚果红降解率达58．13％。     

辽宁省渔业产业结构调整及其优化研究

加快渔业产业结构调整、刺激渔业经济增长,是辽宁省渔业经济发展的现实需要。从2000—2012年的经济数据分析来看,辽宁省渔业产业结构现状是支柱产业稳定、主导产业发展潜力小、潜导产业向主导产业转移。采用Gompertz曲线预测,得出2015年辽宁省渔业经济总产值年均增长速度为9.5%,与农业部发布的《全国渔业发展"十二五"规划》中2015年渔业经济总产值年均增速10.2%的发展目标存在一定的差距,以此为基础提出辽宁省渔业产业结构优化的具体路径选择。     

短链氯化石蜡暴露对HepG2细胞代谢的影响

短链氯化石蜡(short-chain chlorinated paraffins,SCCPs)是一组成分复杂的氯代正构烷烃,在环境中普遍存在。然而有关其毒性机理的信息十分有限,限制了对其健康风险的评估。本研究采用液相色谱–串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)分析技术,研究了不同剂量的SCCPs暴露(0、1.0、10.0和100.0μg·L-1;C13-CPs;55.0%Cl)对人体肝癌细胞Hep G2的糖代谢、氨基酸代谢和脂肪酸代谢的影响。通过偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)鉴别各组代谢产物谱差异,发现3个SCCPs暴露剂量组均能够与对照组完全分开,表明SCCPs短期暴露能够引起细胞代谢活动的显著改变。SCCPs的低剂量暴露可明显刺激Hep G2细胞对氨基酸的吸收。与对照组相比,SCCPs低剂量暴露组(1.0μg·L-1)培养基中谷氨酰胺、色氨酸和丝氨酸的含量显著(P0.05)降低。而高剂量SCCPs(100.0μg·L-1)暴露抑制了细胞对氨基酸和葡萄糖吸收,但促进了乳酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸的生成。氨基酸吸收的抑制不可避免地会影响蛋白质的合成。同时,SCCPs的暴露使饱和脂肪酸代谢紊乱,使不饱和脂肪酸水平上调。为确定SCCPs的毒性作用方式,有必要从转录组和蛋白组层面进一步研究其毒性机制。