企业一体化管理体系实施模式探讨

笔者依据ISO90 0 1、ISO14 0 0 1及OHSAS180 0 1标准 ,为企业进行质量、环境及职业安全健康管理体系整合并实现一体化管理提出了实施模式     

盐矿安全问题及环境污染的防治

我国水溶开采岩盐的回采率较低 ,主要是由盐井事故 (如卤水渗漏、地面冒卤等 )引起的。盐矿旱采残渣堆存地面 ,水溶开采中顶板跨塌、冒卤 ,卤水输送过程中管壁渗漏等对土壤造成污染 ,可采用种植耐盐植物、客土和深翻的方法进行改良。卤水对区内地表水污染 ,造成某些水域中氯化物含量超出农用灌溉水标准 ,可将制盐废水用于水溶回采和生产化工产品的原料 ,氯化钠含量较高的废水可回收其中的盐分 ;制盐过程空气中飞扬的盐尘 ,可采用旋风除尘器除尘 ,车间内也可用水喷洒处理 ,采用种植耐盐植物净化车间周边空气。岩盐矿床常伴生天然气 ,其在卤水中有一定的溶解度 ,可采取多次预热的方法实现气卤分离 ,且回收的甲烷可作为能源使用     

大气污染物质的干性沉着及其计测

在分析了大气污染物质干性沉着特点的基础上，重点讨论了干性沉着短期计测的扩散管法和4段滤纸法以及求算气体流束F的涡相关法，倾度法和热平衡法，这对我国进一步开展大气污染物质干性沉着机理的解明及其对环境影响的把握研究具有重要意义。     

龙岩城区空气污染成因分析及控制

通过分析多年的环境监测数据，确定龙岩市城区环境空气首要污染物是TSP。同时对TSP污染原因进行了较详细的分析，并对TSP的控制提出切实可行的方案。     

新疆萨尔布拉克金矿矿床地球化学及矿床成因

本文介绍萨尔布拉克金矿成矿元素、稀土元素、稳定同位素及石英气─液包裹体的地球化学特征及其在时空上的演化规律．提出成矿元素主要来自地层中的火山物质，下石炭统南明水组的一套火山碎屑岩是矿源层，成矿元素是在动力变质作用下活化、迁够，最后在断裂的交汇部位富集、沉淀、成矿。     

Evaluation of background persistent organic pollutant levels in human from Taiwan: polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls

This study was intended to determine the background levels of PCDD/PCDFs and PCBs in the Taiwanese population and to investigate factors potentially related to PCDD/PCDF and PCB levels. The levels of seventeen PCDD/PCDFs in the 251 serum samples collected from the general population in Taiwan ranged from 4.92 to 26.7 pg WHO(1998)-TEQ/g lipid (median: 11.5) and those of the twelve dioxin-like PCBs ranged between 1.74 and 21.6 pg WHO(1998)-TEQ/g lipid (median: 6.14). Five factors, age, gender, region of residence, dietary status, and smoking status, showed statistically significant association with the TEQ level of PCDD/PCDFs. The TEQ level of PCBs was statistically associated with age only, but not with the other four factors. The trends observed between age and the levels of PCDD/PCDFs and PCBs were not parallel in young subjects (<30 years old) and old subjects (>30 years old). The levels of PCDD/PCDFs and PCBs increased by 0.16 and 0.03 WHO(1998)-TEQ/g lipid per year for subjects above the age of 30, but there was no evidence of any association between age and the levels for subjects below the age of 30 years. These factors should be considered when investigating relationships between background serum levels of persistent organic pollutants and parameters associated with exposure sources or health outcomes.     

Deodorization of Dimethyl Sulfide Using a Discharge Approach at Room Temperature

Abstract

The traditional technologies for odor removal of thiol usually create either secondary pollution for scrubbing, adsorption, and absorption processes, or sulfur (S) poisoning for catalytic incineration. This study applied a laboratory-scale radio-frequency plasma reactor to destructive percentage-grade concentrations of odorous dimethyl sulfide (CH₃SCH₃, or DMS). Odor was diminished effectively via reforming DMS into mainly carbon disulfide (CS₂) or sulfur dioxide (SO₂). The removal efficiencies of DMS elevated significantly with a lower feeding concentration of DMS or a higher applied rf power. A greater inlet oxygen (O₂)/DMS molar ratio slightly improved the removal efficiency. In an O₂-free environment, DMS was converted primarily to CS₂, methane (CH₄), acetylene (C₂H₂), ethylene (C₂H₄), and hydrogen (H₂), with traces of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), methyl mercaptan (CH₃SH), and dimethyl disulfide. In an O₂-containing environment, the species detected were SO₂, CS₂, carbonyl sulfide, carbon dioxide (CO₂), CH₄, C₂H₄, C₂H₂, H₂, formal-dehyde, and methanol. Differences in yield of products were functions of the amounts of added O₂ and the applied power. This study provided useful information for gaining insight into the reaction pathways for the DMS dissociation and the formation of products in the plasmolysis and conversion processes.     

基于层次分析法的区域泥石流防治决策模型

从系统理论出发,运用层次分析法 AHP 对与区域泥石流防治相关因子进行分析,构建了基于层次分析法的区域泥石流防治决策模型.并以广东省潮揭地区泥石流防治决策为实例进行验证,计算结果和实际情况较符合.     

Relationship between (210)Pb(ex) activity and sedimentary organic carbon in sediments of 3 Chinese lakes

This report demonstrates that organic matter was an important factor in lake sediment ²¹⁰Pb_ex dating. Sediment cores from lakes in central and western China with different-trophic levels were collected, and the ²¹⁰Pb_ex activity and total organic carbon (TOC) were measured. The Rock-Eval pyrolysis technique was used to deconvolute TOC into free hydrocarbons (S1), thermally less-stable macromolecular organic matter (S2a), kerogen (S2b), and residual carbon (RC). The results show significant correlations between TOC and ²¹⁰Pb_ex, particularly between S2a and ²¹⁰Pb_ex, in all the sediment cores. This indicated that the algal-derived organic component S2a may play the most important role in controlling the distribution of ²¹⁰Pb_ex. Scavenging by algal-derived organic matter may be the main mechanism. As chronology is the key to the understanding of pollution reconstruction and early diagenesis in sediments, more attention should be paid to the influence of organic matter on ²¹⁰Pb_ex.