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121.
Cadmium (Cd) distribution and contamination in Chinese paddy soils on national scale 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Xiaojuan Liu Guangjin Tian Dong Jiang Chi Zhang Lingqiang Kong 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(18):17941-17952
Rice is a staple food by an increasing number of people in China. As more issues have arisen in China due to rice contaminated by cadmium (Cd), Cd contamination in arable soils has become a severe problem. In China, many studies have examined Cd contamination in arable soils on a national scale, but little studies have focused on the distribution of Cd in paddy fields. This study explored the spatial pattern of Cd in paddy soils in China, made a preliminary evaluation of the potential risk, and identified the most critically contaminated regions based on the domestic rough rice trade flow. The results showed that Cd concentrations in paddy soils in China ranged from 0.01 to 5.50 mg/kg, with a median value of 0.23 mg/kg. On average, the highest Cd concentrations were in Hunan (0.73 mg/kg), Guangxi (0.70 mg/kg), and Sichuan (0.46 mg/kg) provinces. Cd concentrations in paddy soils in central and western regions were higher than those in eastern regions, especially the southeastern coastal regions. Of the administrative regions, Cd standard exceedance rate was 33.2 %, and the heavy pollution rate was 8.6 %. Regarding to Cd of paddy soil, soil environmental quality was better in Northeast China Plain than in Yangtze River Basin and southeastern coastal region. Mining activities were the main anthropogenic pollution source of Cd in Chinese paddy soil. Based on rice trade, more of the Chinese population would be exposed to Cd through intake of rice produced in Hunan province. Certain regions that output rice, especially Hunan province, should be given priority in the management and control of Cd contamination in paddy soil. 相似文献
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123.
Yanlin Wu Monica Passananti Marcello Brigante Wenbo Dong Gilles Mailhot 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(21):12154-12162
The present work compares the efficiency of homogenous Fenton and photo-Fenton processes in the presence of Fe(III)–EDDS complex under different experimental conditions. 4-tert-Butylphenol (4-t-BP), which is one of the endocrine disrupting chemicals, was used as a model pollutant to investigate the Fenton and photo-Fenton application. The efficiency of homogenous photo-Fenton process was significantly much higher than homogenous Fenton process, which is due to the rapid formation of Fe2+ under UV irradiation of the iron complex and the photochemical formation of HO? from the photolysis of the complex Fe(III)–EDDS. Through the degradation of 4-t-BP, the effect of Fe(III)–EDDS concentration, H2O2 concentration, pH, and oxygen was investigated in both processes. Such trend was also correlated with pH calculating the polychromatic Fe2+ quantum yield formation at pH 4.0, 6.0, and 8.6. The results showed that at high Fe(III)–EDDS and H2O2 concentrations, a negative effect was found. By the way, the Fenton process was found to be enhanced at basic pH. These results can be very useful for the use and optimization of such iron complex in water treatment process as function of different physico-chemical conditions. 相似文献
124.
Kim SS Lee SM Park KH Kwon DW Hong SC 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2011,61(5):552-558
This study investigated the effect of adding vanadium (V) to natural manganese oxide (NMO) in ammonia (NH3) selective catalytic reduction (SCR). The addition of V to NMO decreased the catalytic activity at low temperatures by blocking the active site. However, the enhancement of catalytic activity was achieved by controlling NH3 oxidation at high temperatures. From the NH3 temperature programmed desorption and oxygen on/off test, it was confirmed that the amount of Lewis acid site and active lattice oxygen of the catalyst affects the catalytic performance at low temperature. 相似文献
125.
为了研究太阳翼驱动机构(solar array drive assembly,SADA)驱动太阳翼运行期间所产生的扰振力矩特性,设计了一套地面测试系统,包括应变式微振动测试平台、柔性负载以及模拟SADA在轨无重力工作环境的重力卸载装置。阐述了所设计测试系统的工作原理,并利用该测试系统进行了试验测试。测试结果表明:SADA驱动柔性负载运行期间所产生扰振力矩的扰振频率成分主要包含两部分,即:1)SADA驱动柔性负载耦合系统的低阶扭转固有频率;2)SADA电脉冲信号的输入频率及其高阶谐波。 相似文献
126.
Shipeng Dong Liang Mao Siqiang Luo Lei Zhou Yiping Feng Shixiang Gao 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(3):2358-2366
Concentrations of aqueous-phase nonylphenol (NP), a well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical, are shown to be reduced effectively via reaction with lignin peroxidase (LiP) or horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide. We systematically assessed their reaction efficiencies at varying conditions, and the results have confirmed that the catalytic performance of LiP toward NP was more efficient than that of HRP under experimental conditions. Mass spectrum analysis demonstrated that polymerization through radical–radical coupling mechanism was the pathway leading to NP transformation. Our molecular modeling with the assistance of ab initio suggested the coupling of NP likely proceeded via covalent bonding between two NP radicals at their unsubstituted carbons in phenolic rings. Data from acute immobilization tests with Daphnia confirm that NP toxicity is effectively eliminated by LiP/HRP-catalyzed NP removal. The findings in this study provide useful information for understanding LiP/HRP-mediated NP reactions, and comparison of enzymatic performance can present their advantages for up-scale applications in water/wastewater treatment. 相似文献
127.
研究了UV/Fenton技术对高浓度金属清洗乳化油废水的处理效果,考察了亚铁与双氧水浓度、pH、反应时间和搅拌对COD去除效果的影响。实验结果表明,UV/Fenton技术对高浓度乳化油废水(COD平均浓度为35 000 mg/L)具有较高的去除效果,最佳工艺条件为:亚铁与双氧水浓度分别为2 400 mg/L和6 000 mg/L,pH为3,经过2 h反应,COD可降低至1 050 mg/L,去除率为97%。搅拌会降低COD的去除率。研究表明,UV/Fenton技术对高浓度乳化油废水具有很好的降解效果,且药品消耗较低,为目前此类高浓度有机废水的处理提供了技术参考。 相似文献
128.
This paper summarizes the circular economy development model of tourism companies,and explores the support system which guaranteed the development of circular economy in tourism companies.It takes Xiedao Resort as an example to summarize its development model of circular economy. 相似文献
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130.