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91.
Jinsart W Kaewmanee C Inoue M Hara K Hasegawa S Karita K Tamura K Yano E 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2012,62(1):64-71
The aims of this study were to determine the particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters > or = 2.5 microm (PM2.5) and 2.5-10 microm (PM10-2.5) exposure levels of drivers and to analyze the proportion of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) in PM2.5 in Bangkok, Thailand. Four bus routes were selected. Measurements were conducted over 10 days in August (rainy season) 2008 and 8 days in January (dry season) 2009. The mean PM2.5 exposure level of the Tuk-tuk drivers was 86 microg/m3 in August and 198 microg/m3 in January. The mean for the non-air-conditioned bus drivers was 63 microg/m3 in August and 125 microg/m3 in January. The PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 exposure levels of the drivers in January were approximately twice as high as those in August. The proportion of total carbon (TC) in PM2.5 to the PM2.5 level in August (0.97 +/- 0.28 microg/m3) was higher than in January (0.65 +/- 0.13 microg/m3). The proportion of OC in the TC of the PM2.5 in August (0.51 +/- 0.08 microg/m3) was similar to that in January (0.65 +/- 0.07 microg/m3). The TC exposure by PM25 in January (81 +/- 30 microg/m3) remained higher than in August (56-21 microg/m3). The mean level of OC in the PM2.5 was 29 +/- 13 microg/m3 in August and 50 +/- 24 microg/m3 in January. In conclusion, the PM exposure level in Bangkok drivers was higher than that in the general environment, which was already high, and it varied with the seasons and vehicle type. This study also demonstrated that the major component of the PM was carbon, likely derived from vehicles. 相似文献
92.
Norio Tanaka Teruko Demise Mitsuhiro Ishii Yasumasa Shoji Masahiro Nakaoka 《Marine Biology》2011,158(4):871-882
Massive losses of eelgrass Zostera marina beds in Japan have occurred over the past 100 years. Toward their restoration, transplantation of eelgrass has been attempted
in some areas, including Tokyo Bay. This study examined population genetic structures and gene flow in eelgrass in Tokyo Bay
to establish guidelines for conducting restoration. Genotypes of a total of 360 individuals from 12 beds were determined using
five microsatellite markers. The eelgrass beds in inner bay had above-average genetic diversity. A neighbor-joining tree based
on F
ST values among beds revealed that a strong gene flow had occurred among six beds in the inner bay. Genetic assignment testing
of drifting shoots indicated that those with seeds migrate in both directions between the inner and outer bay. We suggested
that the restoration of eelgrass in the innermost part of Tokyo Bay, where natural habitats have been lost, should be conducted
using the inner bay beds. 相似文献
93.
Paudyal Hari Pangeni Bimala Inoue Katsutoshi Ohto Keisuke Kawakita Hidetaka 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(6):2510-2526
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - An efficient and environmentally benign biosorbent for Mo(VI) and W(VI) sequestration was developed by loading Zr(IV) ions onto Saponified Orange... 相似文献
94.
T. Yamada T. Inoue H. Fukuhara O. Nakahara T. Izuta R. Suda M. Takahashi H. Sase A. Takahashi H. Kobayashi T. Ohizumi T. Hakamata 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):259-266
Since 1983, the Ministry of the Environment of Japan has conducted nation-wide acid deposition surveys. To investigate the
effects of acid deposition on surface water, we used the nonparametric Mann–Kendall test to find temporal trends in pH, alkalinity,
and electrical conductivity (EC) in more than 10 years of data collected from five lakes and their catchments (Lake Kuttara:
northernmost; Lake Kamakita: near Tokyo; Lake Ijira: central; Lake Banryu: western; and Lake Unagiike: southernmost). The
pH of Lake Ijira water has declined slightly since the mid-1990s, corresponding with the downward trends seen in the pH and
alkalinity of the river water flowing into the lake. There were significant upward trends in the EC of both the lake and stream
water; the same trends were also found for concentrations. These trends show evidence of acidification due to atmospheric deposition, and this is the first such finding
in Japan based on significant long-term trends. Lake Ijira is located about 40 km north of the Chukyo industrial area near
Nagoya. The annual depositions of H+, nss-, and in Lake Ijira were among the highest of all deposition monitoring sites, suggesting that this is the main cause of the significant
acidification observed in Lake Ijira. No significant trends suggesting acidification were observed in any of the other lake
catchments in spite of the significant upward trends in EC. Upward trends in pH and alkalinity at Lake Banryu and upward trends
in alkalinity at Lake Kamakita were detected, but no change in pH or alkalinity at Lake Kuttara and Lake Unagiike was observed. 相似文献
95.
Bam H. N. Razafindrabe Ryohei Kada Makoto Arima Shoji Inoue 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2014,19(2):177-198
This study aims at understanding flood risks and their impact on a community, in order to enhance communities’ resilience and adaptive capacity to these threats. It also investigates the possibility of looking at and handling risk from a resilience point of view. Therefore, while a conventional risk management process is employed in this study, social, physical, economic, and institutional dimensions of resilience are also included in order to grasp the extent of risks and the ways in which communities face, cope with, and recover from flooding. Findings showed that there was no significant difference in the perception of flood risk among household heads educated up to secondary school level, suggesting that they believe floods are purely natural events. Those with a higher level of education (high school and above) (82.7 % of respondents) were aware that flood disasters are the result of hazard and vulnerability combined. In addition, social dynamics were apparently strengthened by such disasters, which resulted in cohesion and mutual help following floods in some wards. Also, households with more sources of income and more savings appear to recover faster than others after a flooding event. With regard to governance and networks, greater efforts have to be made by local institutions to ensure basic functioning during and after disaster events and to invest more into risk reduction activities. However, further studies need to be conducted to clarify the understanding of the impact flood disasters have on the environment and community lives and livelihoods in general, as traditional coping strategies, although still practical, no longer suffice in the face of changes in climate and environment. 相似文献
96.
Seiichirou Ohura Hiroyuki Harada Biplob Kumar Biswas Mitsunori Kondo Susumu Ishikawa Hidetaka Kawakita Keisuke Ohto Katsutoshi Inoue 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2011,13(4):293-297
Zirconium was loaded onto orange waste, a cheap and available agricultural waste in Japan, to investigate the feasibility
of its utilization for phosphorus recovery from secondary effluent and side-stream liquid, which contain 5.9 and 68.2 mg/dm3 phosphorus, respectively. The phosphorus removal from side-stream liquid by using zirconium-loaded saponified orange waste
(Zr-SOW) gel increased with an increasing solid/liquid ratio, and it was found that Zr-SOW gel showed better performance than
zirconium ferrite. The prepared adsorbent was effective for phosphorus removal and exhibited a reasonably high adsorption
capacity, twice than that of zirconium ferrite. The secondary effluent was treated in a column packed with Zr-SOW gel, and
an dynamic adsorption capacity of 1.3 mol-P/kg was attained. The adsorbed phosphorus from the column was successfully eluted
as a concentrated form by using a small amount of 0.2 M NaOH. Throughout the elution process, zirconium was not leaked from
the adsorption gel. 相似文献
97.
日本政府自2013年4月1日开始实施《废弃小型电子产品循环再利用促进法》.基于此法的第三条第一款,日本环境省和经济产业省于2013年3月6日正式出台了基本方针,制定了再资源化目标,即至2015年止,每年回收14万t(相当于每人1 kg)废旧手机等小型电子产品,回收率达到20%左右,并介绍了其主要内容及目前的实施状况. 相似文献
98.
Hikari Shimadera Akira Kondo Akikazu Kaga Kundan Lal Shrestha Yoshio Inoue 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(37):5894-5907
To estimate the contribution of transboundary transported air pollutants from other Asian countries to Japan in ionic concentrations in fog water in March 2005, the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system was utilized with meteorological fields produced by the 5th generation Mesoscale Model (MM5). For meteorological predictions, the model well reproduced the surface meteorological variables, particularly temperature and humidity, and generally captured fog occurrence. For chemical predictions, most of the model-predicted monthly mean concentrations were approximately within a factor of 2 of the observations, indicating that the model well simulated the long-range atmospheric transport from the Asian Continent to Japan. For SO42?, NO3? and NH4+, the contribution rates of the transboundary air pollution in the Kinki Region of Japan ranged from 69 to 82% for aerosols, from 47 to 87% for ionic concentrations in rain, and from 55 to 79% for ionic concentrations in fog. The study found that the transboundary air pollution also affected ionic concentrations in fog as well as aerosol concentrations and ionic concentrations in rain. 相似文献
99.
Koichi Haraguchi Akio Koizumi Kayoko Inoue Kouji H. Harada Toshiaki Hitomi Mutsuko Minata Miyako Tanabe Yoshihisa Kato Eri Nishimura Yoshiaki Yamamoto Takao Watanabe Katsunobu Takenaka Shigeki Uehara Hye-Ran Yang Min-Young Kim Chan-Seok Moon Hae-Sook Kim Peiyu Wang Aiping Liu Nguyen Ngoc Hung 《Environment international》2009,35(7):1072-1079
Human breast milk samples collected in 2007–2008 from four countries, Vietnam (Hanoi), China (Beijing), Korea (Seoul) and Japan (Sendai, Kyoto and Takayama), were analyzed for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), chlordane-related compounds (CHLs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Comparing with previous surveys, the present study indicates that the DDTs in breast milk from China and Vietnam had gradually decreased during the last decade, but were still 5–10 times higher than those in other nations. The ratios of p,p′-DDE/p,p′-DDT and o,p′-DDT/p,p′-DDT were higher in Beijing than in the other countries, suggesting that there is less fresh intake of commercial DDT products and a possible exposure to dicofol in China. CHL and PCB levels were relatively higher in mothers from Japan, whereas β-HCH and HCB were more common in Chinese women. In Japan, it is suspected that mothers in the urban/coastal area (Sendai) were more continuously exposed to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) than mothers in the rural/inland area (Takayama). In addition, OCP levels in primiparae were significantly higher than those in multiparae from Japan and Korea. These indicate that both parity and regional factors are major determinants of the levels of OCPs and PCBs in human milk. On the other hand, higher concentrations of PBDEs were observed in mothers' milk from Korea. The congener was dominated by BDE-47 (43–54%), followed by BDE-153 (23–33%) in all regions except for Beijing where BDE-28 (23%) was relatively abundant. In Japanese breast milk, regional and parity-dependent distributions were not observed for PBDEs. Among PBDE congeners, age-dependency was observed for BDE-153, which was negatively correlated (p < 0.05) to the age of mothers in Kyoto (17 participants were housewives), while it increased with age in Sendai (10 participants were clerks). No such correlation was seen for BDE-47, indicating that BDE-47 was ingested and assimilated via different kinetics or routes from BDE-153 in Japan. 相似文献
100.
Amanda D. Melin Linda M. Fedigan Chihiro Hiramatsu Shoji Kawamura 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(5):659-670
Many species of platyrrhine primates are characterised by sex-linked color vision polymorphism. This presents an opportunity
to study the biology and ecology of individuals with different phenotypes living in the same group. Several evolutionary processes
could maintain polymorphic genes in populations. In this study, we evaluate the hypothesis that foraging niche divergence
among monkeys explains the presence of multiple color vision phenotypes. Specifically, we test whether dichromats and trichromats
differ in foraging time devoted to cryptic vs brightly colored resources. We did not find any differences in foraging time
spent on different food types by dichromatic and trichromatic monkeys in two groups of white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) living in a tropical dry forest. We conclude that in so far as these variables are concerned, niche divergence does not
likely explain color vision polymorphism in our study population. 相似文献