考虑物种权重校验保护太湖水生生物的铅基准

铅是一种有毒重金属元素,位列我国水中优先控制污染物"黑名单".我国水系众多,水生生物多样,研究保护区域水生生物的铅基准十分必要.太湖作为中国周边经济最发达、大中城市最密集且污染最严重的淡水湖泊之一,本研究选取8种太湖本土水生生物实验补充铅的急性毒性数据并两步外推得到慢性毒性数据.结合文献建立铅的本土毒性数据库,基于水体硬度对铅毒性的影响,建立硬度和毒性关系.考虑太湖生物区系和水质特征,采用物种权重敏感度分布方法,得到保护太湖水生生物铅的最大浓度基准值(CMC)和持续浓度基准值(CCC)值分别为50.04—58.87μg·L~(-1)和3.99—4.69μg·L~(-1);现行地表水铅的Ⅲ类标准限值(50μg·L~(-1))下受铅急性毒性和慢性毒性影响的生物比例分别为4.42%和23.00%.     

The influence of heterogeneous environmental regulation on the green development of the mining industry: empirical analysis based on the system GMM and dynamic panel data model

The intensity of environmental regulation (ERI) affects the short-term effect of the level of green mining (GML), and which structure determines the long-term mechanism. Based on the panel data from 2001 to 2015, with the dynamic panel model and system GMM estimation method were employed to test the influence of heterogeneous environmental regulation on green mining and its transmission mechanism. The results show that, there is a “U” type nonlinear relationship between the ERI and GML. The direct effect of command-control-based (CAC) and the market incentive-based (MBI) environmental regulation on green development of mining shows the characteristics of inhibition and promotion. There is a “U” type of indirectly moderating effect between technological innovation and the energy consumption structure on the GML. The technological innovation promotes the green development of the mining industry only after pass the inflection point of MBI, while the CAC plays a significant guiding role in upgrading of the energy consumption structure. There is an inhibition and promotion effect of MBI on the GML in the southeast coastal area, and the CAC is not significantly. Meanwhile, both of the ERI shows no positive effects in the central and western inland region.     

CaCu3Ti4O12, an efficient catalyst for ibuprofen removal by activation of peroxymonosulfate under visible-light irradiation

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Contamination of waters by pharmaceuticals is a major health issue. Therefore, there is a need for efficient techniques to remove pharmaceutical pollutants. Here,...     

Isolation and identification of potential fungal species for spent engine lubrication oil remediation in Peninsular Malaysia

Improper disposal and spills of spent engine oil into the environment can result in contamination, which eventually affects humans through the food chain. Mycoremediation is an effective and inexpensive alternative to clean up spent engine oil contamination. In recent work, the potential effectiveness of fungi for degrading spent engine oil was confirmed, with the species identified through molecular identification. Fungi that were able to grow in Bushnell Haas Broth supplied with spent engine oil were identified with the potential to utilize spent engine oil as a carbon source. Six species of fungi namely Penicillium simplicissimum, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Aspergillus ustus, and Aspergillus flavus were successfully identified in this study. Over a course of seven days, P. simplicissimum (21.11 percent) was identified as the most effective fungi in degrading spent engine oil, followed by A. nidulans (17.75 percent), A. niger (15.85 percent), T. longibrachiatum (15.12 percent), A. ustus (15.02 percent), and A. flavus (11.80 percent). As these species of fungi were isolated from the natural environment in Peninsular Malaysia, the potential of using these fungi as mycoremediation of spent engine oil was therefore confirmed.     

A review of the impact of outdoor and indoor environmental factors on human health in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported that global climate change has led to the increased occurrence of extreme weather...     

Control strategies of atmospheric mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants in China

Atmospheric mercury (Hg) emission from coal is one of the primary sources of anthropogenic discharge and pollution. China is one of the few countries in the world whose coal consumption constitutes about 70% of total primary energy, and over half of coals are burned directly for electricity generation. Atmospheric emissions of Hg and its speciation from coal-fired power plants are of great concern owing to their negative impacts on regional human health and ecosystem risks, as well as long-distance transport. In this paper, recent trends of atmospheric Hg emissions and its species split from coal-fired power plants in China during the period of 2000-2007 are evaluated, by integrating each plant's coal consumption and emission factors, which are classified by different subcategories of boilers, particulate matter (PM) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) control devices. Our results show that the total Hg emissions from coal-fired power plants have begun to decrease from the peak value of 139.19 t in 2005 to 134.55 t in 2007, though coal consumption growing steadily from 1213.8 to 1532.4 Mt, which can be mainly attributed to the co-benefit Hg reduction by electrostatic precipitators/fabric filters (ESPs/FFs) and wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD), especially the sharp growth in installation of WFGD both in the new and existing power plants since 2005. In the coming 12th five-year-plan, more and more plants will be mandated to install De-NO(x) (nitrogen oxides) systems (mainly selective catalytic reduction [SCR] and selective noncatalytic reduction [SNCR]) for minimizing NO(x) emission, thus the specific Hg emission rate per ton of coal will decline further owing to the much higher co-benefit removal efficiency by the combination of SCR + ESPs/FFs + WFGD systems. Consequently, SCR + ESPs/FFs + WFGD configuration will be the main path to abate Hg discharge from coal-fired power plants in China in the near future. However advanced specific Hg removal technologies are necessary for further reduction of elemental Hg discharge in the long-term.     

微波无极紫外光催化降解茜素绿的性能研究及产物分析

以微波无极紫外灯为光源,P25型Ti O2为催化剂,研究了微波反应器中茜素绿(AG)的光催化降解性能,考察了染料初始浓度及p H对降解效率的影响,利用ESI电子喷雾质谱和离子色谱测定了茜素绿降解的中间产物,并对产物的可生化性进行了分析。结果表明,微波/紫外/二氧化钛体系拓宽了染料浓度和p H的适用范围。降解后生成了大量小分子物质,可生化性得到了大幅度的提高,BOD5/COD值从反应前的0.0959增加到了0.40。     

乙醇溶析结晶法从白炭黑废母液中回收硫酸钠

以乙醇为溶析剂，通过过滤—中和—蒸馏浓缩—溶析结晶等工序，从白炭黑废母液中回收硫酸钠。考察了硫酸钠回收效果的影响因素，并进行了热能消耗和处理成本的分析。实验结果表明：乙醇的加入量对硫酸钠溶解度和蒸馏浓缩过程有着显著影响；在蒸馏醇水比（乙醇与中性废母液的体积比）为0.27，浓缩废母液中硫酸钠质量浓度为69.27 g/L，溶析醇水比（乙醇与浓缩废母液的体积比）为1的最佳工艺条件下，白炭黑废母液中硫酸钠的一次回收率可达69.94%，硫酸钠产品的纯度达到97.3%。     

连云港春季PM2.5中主要水溶性无机离子污染特征及来源解析

于2017年3月1日—5月31日监测分析了连云港市大气PM_(2.5)中主要水溶性无机离子质量浓度的日变化规律,以及与气象因子、PM10、PM_(2.5)相关性。结果表明,水溶性无机离子质量浓度与环境空气中NO_2、CO、PM_(10)、PM_(2. 5)显著相关,与气温、风速、能见度等呈负相关;日变化呈明显单峰型,峰值出现在08:00左右;水溶性无机离子季度均值为27. 2μg/m~3,占ρ(PM_(2.5))平均50%左右,ρ(NO_3~-)、ρ(SO_4~(2-))和ρ(NH_4~+)占ρ(水溶性无机离子)总85%以上;指出,SO_4~(2-)主要受远距离传输的影响,NO_3~-和NH_4~+主要受局地源的影响。     

Removal of nitrogen from wastewaters by anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) using granules in upflow reactors

Nitrogen pollution of waters has sometimes caused severe eutrophication, leading to the death of fishes and most aquatic life. There is therefore a need for efficient and cost-effective methods to remove nitrogen from ammonium-rich wastewaters. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) is a promising process to remove nitrogen because this process directly oxidizes ammonium (NH₄ ⁺) to dinitrogen gas (N₂) under anoxic condition. Nonetheless, a challenge of this process is that chemolithoautotrophic Anammox bacteria grow slowly at the beginning, thus resulting in low Anammox biomass and instability of reactors. Such issues can be overcome by granulation of the Anammox sludge. Here, we review the characteristics of the Anammox bacteria, and the formation, structure and flotation of Anammox granules under high hydraulic loadings. We also evaluate the performances of full-scale granular Anammox processes. The major points are: 1) Anammox bacteria secrete a large amount of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), up to 415 mg g^?1 of volatile suspended solids (VSS), containing many hydrophobic functional groups that facilitate biomass granulation. 2) Granulation enhances the sludge settling property and retention time, which contributes to the extremely high nitrogen removal rate of 77 kg m^?3 d^?1 of Anammox upflow reactors. 3) Flotation of Anammox granules frequently occurs under nitrogen removal rate higher than 10 kg m^?3 d^?1, which is mainly due to the overproduction of EPS under high hydraulic conditions.