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91.
Constenla Maria Soler-Membrives Anna Besada Victoria Carrassón Maite 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(11):15713-15728
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Many studies have been carried out along mighty rivers with heavily industrialized watersheds to evaluate pollutants and their effects on freshwater... 相似文献
92.
Some marine species have been shown to target foraging at particular hotspots of high prey abundance. However, we show here that in the year after a nesting season, female leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) in the Atlantic generally spend relatively little time in fixed hotspots, especially those with a surface signature revealed in satellite imagery, but rather tend to have a pattern of near continuous traveling. Associated with this traveling, distinct changes in dive behavior indicate that turtles constantly fine tune their foraging behavior and diel activity patterns in association with local conditions. Switches between nocturnal vs. diurnal activity are rare in the animal kingdom but may be essential for survival on a diet of gelatinous zooplankton where patches of high prey availability are rare. These results indicate that in their first year after nesting, leatherback turtles do not fit the general model of migration where responses to resources are suppressed during transit. However, their behavior may be different in their sabbatical years away from nesting beaches. Our results highlight the importance of whole-ocean fishing gear regulations to minimize turtle bycatch. 相似文献
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Goodwin V Jones-Hughes T Thompson-Coon J Boddy K Stein K 《Journal of Safety Research》2011,42(6):443-451
Problem and objective
The translation of the evidence-base for preventing falls among community-dwelling older people into practice has been limited. This study systematically reviewed and synthesised the effectiveness of methods to implement falls prevention programmes with this population.Methods
Articles published between 1980 and May 2010 that evaluated the effects of an implementation strategy. No design restrictions were imposed. A narrative synthesis was undertaken.Results
15 studies were identified. Interventions that involved the active training of healthcare professionals improved implementation. The evidence around changing the way people who fall are managed within primary care practices, and, layperson, peer or community delivered models was mixed.Impact on industry
Translating the evidence-base into practice involves changing the attitudes and behaviours of older people, healthcare professionals and organisations. However, there is a need for further evaluation on how this can be best achieved. 相似文献96.
Johannes M. M. Engels Hannes Dempewolf Victoria Henson-Apollonio 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2011,24(2):107-126
Humans have always played a crucial role in the evolutionary dynamics of agricultural biodiversity and thus there is a strong
relationship between these resources and human cultures. These agricultural resources have long been treated as a global public
good, and constitute the livelihoods of millions of predominantly poor people. At the same time, agricultural biodiversity
is under serious threat in many parts of the world despite extensive conservation efforts. Ethical considerations regarding
the collecting, research, and use of agricultural biodiversity are currently topics of great concern. For example, easy access
to genetic resources for breeding purposes is important, but international agreements and legal frameworks are necessary to
ensure adequate recognition of the contributions of local communities and traditional farmers in creating and nurturing these
resources. Here, we assess ethical principles in the context of existing codes of conduct that are relevant for agro-biodiversity
researchers. We aim to create awareness among scientists and policy makers who are concerned with agro-biodiversity research
and its potential impact on local communities. We encourage a serious assessment of the ethical principles presented here
and hope to facilitate an integration of these principles into the reader’s personal ethical framework. Key ethical principles
considered here include the importance of obtaining prior informed consent, equity, and the inalienability of rights of local
communities and farmers. 相似文献
97.
Pickett ST Cadenasso ML Grove JM Boone CG Groffman PM Irwin E Kaushal SS Marshall V McGrath BP Nilon CH Pouyat RV Szlavecz K Troy A Warren P 《Journal of environmental management》2011,92(3):331-362
Urban ecological studies, including focus on cities, suburbs, and exurbs, while having deep roots in the early to mid 20th century, have burgeoned in the last several decades. We use the state factor approach to highlight the role of important aspects of climate, substrate, organisms, relief, and time in differentiating urban from non-urban areas, and for determining heterogeneity within spatially extensive metropolitan areas. In addition to reviewing key findings relevant to each state factor, we note the emergence of tentative "urban syndromes" concerning soils, streams, wildlife and plants, and homogenization of certain ecosystem functions, such as soil organic carbon dynamics. We note the utility of the ecosystem approach, the human ecosystem framework, and watersheds as integrative tools to tie information about multiple state factors together. The organismal component of urban complexes includes the social organization of the human population, and we review key modes by which human populations within urban areas are differentiated, and how such differentiation affects environmentally relevant actions. Emerging syntheses in land change science and ecological urban design are also summarized. The multifaceted frameworks and the growing urban knowledge base do however identify some pressing research needs. 相似文献
98.
We compiled 109 species richness-altitude (SRA) relationships in arthropods to test the hypothesis that identification of shape and robustness of pattern are contingent on the selection of studies included in meta-analysis. We used attributes of their sampling design to distinguish three subsets of data according to stringent, intermediate, and lax selection criteria. We tested (1) whether uncertainty over identification of shape increases as the criteria of inclusion of studies relaxes and (2) whether studies that conform to stringent selection criteria show robustness in SRA patterns to variation in method used to identify shape. We identified the shape of each SRA relationship using statistical and visual methods; data sets that suggested several shapes as equally likely were sorted out by consensus. Arthropods suggested multiple forms in the SRA relationship, with predominance of hump-shaped patterns in the stringent subset. Uncertainty over identification of shape increased after application of intermediate and lax selection criteria. The method of analysis interacted with the quality of basic data to influence the relative distribution of patterns. We concluded that the gathering of large quantities of data is insufficient and that critical evaluation of literature is crucial to infer with confidence the general shape of ecological patterns in meta-analysis. 相似文献
99.
Benkdad A Laissaoui A Tornero MV Benmansour M Chakir E Garrido IM Moreno JB 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,182(1-4):317-324
Macroalgae species Codium sp, Bangia atropurpurea, Membranoptera alata, Plocamium cartilagineum, Dictyota dichotoma, Fucus spiralis and Stypocaulon scoparia were collected from seven stations along the north coast of Morocco. Samples were analysed to determine activities of naturally occurring radionuclides ((210)Pb, U isotopes and (40)K) and concentrations of metals (Zn, Fe, Co, Cu, Ni, Mn, Pb, Cd, As and Cr) using radiometric and ICP-OES techniques, respectively. Metal concentrations were within ranges reported in the scientific literature, and concentrations of bio-essential elements were in the order Mn>Fe> Zn>Cu in all samples. Brown algae had the highest concentrations of almost all metals, and concentrations decreased in the order brown>red>green algae. With respect to radionuclides, the red alga P. cartilagineum had the highest activities of (210)Pb, in most cases an order of magnitude higher than for the green alga Codium sp. (234)U and (238)U activities in all algae samples were in the range 0.96- 7.61 and 1.16-6.14 Bq/kg dry weight, respectively. Our analyses of radionuclide activities and metal concentrations in marine macroalgae showed large differences among taxa. These results provide insights into which algal species should be used for biomonitoring programmes. 相似文献
100.