溢油分散剂及其乳化原油对海洋微藻的急性毒性效应评价

以96 h半致死效应浓度(96 h-EC50)为指标,比较测定了3种溢油分散剂(oil spill dispersant,OSD)、原油的水溶性成分(water accommodated fraction,WAF)以及OSD乳化作用下原油的水溶性成分(dispersed water accommodated fraction,DWAF)对海洋微藻的急性毒性效应。结果表明:所测试3种OSD中,RSA-11型和ZHY-2型的毒性明显低于RSS-6型的毒性;而RSA-11型OSD的毒性高于组成该OSD单一表面活性剂的毒性,呈现明显的协同作用;同时,OSD与原油共存时的DWAF的毒性既高于OSD单独存在时,也高于原油单独存在时WAF的毒性,表明溢油时加入OSD会增强原油对海洋微藻的毒性。     

基于邓肯-张模型的黏土心墙堆石坝有限元数值模拟分析

基于邓肯-张非线性弹性材料模型,对云南省某在建黏土心墙堆石坝逐层填筑施工和正常蓄水+9度地震作用两种工况情况下的坝体应力和变形进行了有限元数值模拟与分析。结果表明:由于存在"内部拱效应",过渡层出现应力集中,心墙出现应力迅速降低;填筑竣工后的大坝应力分布和位移符合一般规律,但9度地震作用下可能会引起大坝失稳,建议采取一定的工程措施,提高坝坡的抗震稳定性。     

Exposure to butylated hydroxytoluene compromises endometrial decidualization during early pregnancy

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), one of the most widely used synthetic phenolic antioxidants, is a popular food additive. Previous studies have...     

铁杉属的起源、扩散与传播——基于化石证据【封面文章】

铁杉属是松科的重要组成部分,具有典型的北美—东亚间断分布特征。关于该属的起源、扩散与传播,目前存在较多的争议。本次研究收集了亚洲铁杉属大化石记录,整合了铁杉属花粉记录,获取地质历史时期该属在中国的分布,推测该属的起源和传播路径。该属大约起源于晚白垩世的西欧地区,于马特斯里赫特期—达宁期通过欧亚大陆传播到中国,而在古新世—始新世时期通过北大西洋陆桥传播到北美。早始新世以后北美与东亚的铁杉属植物可以通过白令陆桥进行物种交流,当图尔盖海峡在渐新世干涸后,铁杉属能够通过西西伯利亚和中亚哈萨克斯坦地区在欧亚大陆上交流。在晚中新世铁杉属可以通过北大西洋陆桥进行交流。依据化石记录推断的铁杉属起源和传播的结果与分子学研究存在一定差异,需要更多的铁杉属化石记录及分子学研究提供更可靠的证据。     

聚丙烯环生物滴滤塔去除实际市政污水厂硫化氢性能及微生物群落分析

在非稳态条件下,采用AAO剩余污泥为种泥、聚丙烯环为填料启动生物滴滤塔,处理实际市政污水厂细格栅H2S恶臭气体.研究了生物滴滤塔的启动、稳定阶段的运行模式,在空床停留时间为14 s,进气浓度2. 02～319. 19 mg·m-3,环境温度为7. 8～32. 5℃条件下,平均出气浓度为13. 08 mg·m-3,平均去除率达到91. 8%,最高去除负荷达到78. 37 g·(m3·h)-1.在247d运行中,监测到生物滴滤塔压降在长期运行中维持稳定在96 Pa·m-1.高通量测序表明,生物滴滤塔内的微生物群落发生了改变,Shannon指数由4. 99降低至3. 75,但Pseudomonas和Thiobacillus等功能菌的存在解释了生物滴滤塔较好的去除性能.结果表明,在非稳态条件下,以AAO剩余污泥为种泥的生物滴滤塔可实现H2S的高效去除;聚丙烯环作为填料可以在长期运行中维持稳定的压降;微生物群落在长期高浓度的H2S环境中,多样性降低,但降解性能可以得到提高.     

同位素热源热冲击入水试验方法

目的 针对空间同位素热源异常事故场景入水过程的热冲击安全性问题,研究热冲击入水试验方法.方法 通过对同位素热源入水事故场景分析,基于热边界等效、热量等效原则,研究空间同位素热源热冲击入水的试验条件和方法,明确试验样品的加载温度、人工海水体积、浓度、温度以及试验转移时间等,提出热冲击入水试验流程和试验装置要求.结果 样品的加载温度为空间同位素热源的运行温度,人工海水需要完全淹没样品,且体积在样品的20倍以上,人工海水的温度以10～30℃为宜,热冲击入水试验样品转移时间小于1 min.结论 建立的热冲击入水方法可对同位素热源的安全性评估提供支撑,也可供其他产品的热冲击入水评估提供参考.     

川西甘孜藏族自治州1961—2015年日照时数变化特征分析

甘孜藏族自治州(简称甘孜州)位于青藏高原东南缘,是一个气候敏感区和环境脆弱区.利用多年气象数据探讨该区气候变化趋势对研究区环境保护、灾害防治和发展规划有重要意义.本文基于1961—?2015年甘孜州11个气象站点的日照时数、气温、降水、相对湿度和风速数据,通过一元线性回归、5 a滑动平均、累计距平、Mann-Kendall(M-K)突变检验和样条函数插值分析方法,研究该地区年际、季度的日照时数时空变化特征以及与其他气候因子之间的关系.研究结果表明:(1)平均日照时数在年际和季度尺度上呈减少趋势,减少速率分别为25 h·(10a)?1(年际)、6.4 h·(10a)?1(春季)、6.8 h·(10a)?1(夏季)、6.9 h·(10a)?1(秋季)、6.3 h·(10a)?1(冬季).(2)空间分布上,德格的西部地区日照时数减少最快,而乡城县等极少数地区出现日照时数增加的趋势.(3)年际日照时数在1989年发生突变,在季节尺度上春季、夏季、冬季发生突变的年份分别为1989年、1991年和1994年,秋季突变不明显.(4)日照时数与气温、降水量、相对湿度均呈负相关关系,相关系数分别为??0.2、??0.6、??0.5;日照时数与风速呈显著正相关关系,相关系数为0.6.本研究可为甘孜州地区1961—?2015年的气候变化提供数据支持.     

Fish forewarning of comprehensive toxicity in water environment based on Bayesian sequential method

Environmental impact of pollutants can be analyzed effectively by acquiring fish behavioral signals in water with biological behavior sensors. However, a variety of factors, such as the complexity of biological organisms themselves, the device error and the environmental noise, may compromise the accuracy and timeliness of model predictions. The current methods lack prior knowledge about the fish behavioral signals corresponding to characteristic pollutants, and in the event of a pollutant invasion, the fish behavioral signals are poorly discriminated. Therefore, we propose a novel method based on Bayesian sequential, which utilizes multi-channel prior knowledge to calculate the outlier sequence based on wavelet feature followed by calculating the anomaly probability of observed values. Furthermore, the relationship between the anomaly probability and toxicity is analyzed in order to achieve forewarning effectively. At last, our algorithm for fish toxicity detection is verified by integrating the data on laboratory acceptance of characteristic pollutants. The results show that only one false positive occurred in the six experiments, the present algorithm is effective in suppressing false positives and negatives, which increases the reliability of toxicity detections, and thereby has certain applicability and universality in engineering applications.     

Copper stimulates the incidence of antibiotic resistance, metal resistance and potential pathogens in the gut of black soldier fly larvae

The black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have been successfully applied to treat various organic wastes. However, the impacts of heavy metals on antibiotic resistance in the BSFL guts are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of copper (exposure concentrations of 0, 100 and 800 mg/kg) on the antibiotic and metal resistance profiles in BSFL guts. A total of 83 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), 18 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and 6 metal resistance genes (MRGs) were observed in larval gut samples. Exposure to Cu remarkably reduced the diversity of ARGs and MGEs, but significantly enhanced the abundances of gut-associated ARGs and MRGs. The levels of MRGs copA, czcA and pbrT were dramatically strengthened after Cu exposure as compared with CK (increased by 2.8–13.5 times). Genera Enterococcus acted as the most predominant potential host of multiple ARG, MGE and MRG subtypes. Meanwhile, high exposure to Cu aggravated the enrichment of potential pathogens in BSFL guts, especially for Escherichia, Enterococcus and Salmonella species. The mantel test and procrustes analysis revealed that the gut microbial communities could be a key determinant for antibiotic and metal resistance. However, no significant positive links were observed between MGEs and ARGs or MRGs, possibly suggesting that MGEs did not play a crucial role in shaping the ARGs or MRGs in BSFL guts under the stress of Cu. These findings extend our understanding on the impact of heavy metals on the gut-associated antibiotic and metal resistome of BSFL.     

Rapid field testing of mercury pollution by designed fluorescent biosensor and its cells-alginate hydrogel-based paper assay

With increasing industrial activities, mercury has been largely discharged into environment and caused serious environmental problems. The growing level of mercury pollution has become a huge threat to human health due to its significant biotoxicity. Therefore, the simple and fast means for on-site monitoring discharged mercury pollution are highly necessary to protect human beings from its pernicious effects in time. Herein, a “turn off” fluorescent biosensor (mCherry L199C) for sensing Hg²⁺ was successfully designed based on direct modification of the chromophore environment of fluorescent protein mCherry. For rapid screening and characterization, the designed variant of mCherry (mCherry L199C) was directly expressed on outer-membrane of  Escherichia coli cells by cell surface display technique. The fluorescent biosensor was characterized to have favorable response to Hg²⁺ at micromole level among other metal ions and over a broad pH range. Further, the cells of the fluorescent biosensor were encapsulated in alginate hydrogel to develop the cells-alginate hydrogel-based paper. The cells-alginate hydrogel-based paper could detect mercury pollution in 5 min with simple operation process and inexpensive equipment, and it could keep fluorescence and activity stable at 4?°C for 24 hr, which would be a high-throughput screening tool in preliminarily reporting the presence of mercury pollution in natural setting.