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131.
K. G. Willis Malcolm Newson Sonja Boehmer‐Christiansen 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1994,37(2):243-247
Cost Benefit Analysis of Environmental Change
Per‐Olov Johansson
Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1993, 232 pp., £13.95
Computerised Environmental Modelling: A Practical Introduction using Excel
J. Hardisty, D. M. Taylor & S. E. Metcalfe
Chichester, Wiley, 1993, 204 pp., £14.95
Keeping Pace with Science and Engineering: Case Studies in Environmental Regulation
Washington DC, US National Academy of Engineering, 1993
World Without End: Economics, Environment and Sustainable Development
D. W. Pearce & J. J. Warford
Oxford University Press, New York, 1993, 440 pp., £35.95 相似文献
132.
The authors used a global High Resolution Biosphere Model (HRBM), consisting of a biome model and a carbon cycle model, to estimate the changes of carbon storage in the major pools of the terrestrial biosphere from 18 000 BP to present. The climate change data to drive the biosphere for 18 000 BP were derived from an Atmospheric General Circulation Model. Using the AGCM anomalies interpolated to a 0.5 degrees grid, the HRBM data base of the present climate was recalculated for 18 000 BP. The most important processes which influenced the carbon storage include (1) climate-induced changes in biospheric processes and vegetation distribution, (2) the CO(2) fertilization effect, (3) the inundation of lowland areas resulting from the sea level rise of 100 m. Two scenarios were investigated. The first scenario, which ignored the CO(2) fertilization effect, led to total carbon losses from the terrestrial biosphere of -460 x 10(9) t. Scenario 2, which assumed that the model formulation of the CO(2) fertilization effect as used for preindustrial to present could be extrapolated to the glacial 200 microl litre(-1) (ppmv, parts per million per volume), gave a carbon fixation in the terrestrial biosphere of +213 x 10(9) t. The two scenarios were compared with CO(2) concentration data and isotopic ratios from air in ice cores. The results of Scenario 1 are not in agreement with the data. Scenario 2 gives realistic delta(13)C shifts in the atmosphere but the biospheric carbon storage at the end of the glacial period seems too large. The authors suggest that the low atmospheric CO(2) concentration may have favoured the C-4 plants in ice age vegetation types. As a consequence the influence of the low CO(2) concentration was eventually reduced and the glacial carbon storage in vegetation, litter, and soil was increased. 相似文献
133.
Mahaney WC Wilson E Boyer MG Hancock RG 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1995,87(1):71-75
Recent lichen surveys in the foreland of The Syterb?cken glacier reveal that the crustose lichens, principally species of Rhizocarpon section Rhizocarpon, exhibit marginal bleaching, readily distinguishable from normal pigmented forms. The largest elliptical thallus of Rhizocarpon measured 290 mm maximum diameter on a bedrock outcrop beyond the margin of Little Ice Age moraines in the upper Syterb?cken Valley. Many small and large thalli of Rhizocarpon suffered damage to the periphery of individual thalli. We examine here some of the possible hypotheses explaining these occurrences. Among others, these are bedrock lithology, ice crystal blasting, long-term snowbank cover, ultraviolet exposure and acid rain. While at this time none of the possibilities can be ruled out entirely, acid rain would appear to be at least one of the factors involved. Acid rain, which is known to produce a soil pH as low as 3.3 in the field area, appears to provide a high input of H(+) ions that the lichen algal component cannot withstand. However, the lack of similar effects on associated foliose or fruticose forms raises the possibility that perhaps two or more factors specific to the environment of Rhizocarpon are operating. 相似文献
134.
Fractionation of Cu, Pb and Zn in certified reference soils SRM 2710 and SRM 2711 using the optimized BCR sequential extraction procedure 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Sequential extraction of metals from solid media is a common analytical tool used in environmental and exploration geochemistry. A number of procedures exist, but without harmonization and standardization, meaningful comparisons are tenuous without baseline data. A newly developed, standardized sequential extraction procedure (optimized BCR) was applied to two contaminated certified reference soils from Montana, US (SRM 2710 and SRM 2711) for Cu, Pb and Zn. Four operationally defined fractions were isolated, acid extractable, reducible, oxidizable, and residual (by aqua regia). Fraction-specific concentrations, percentages and recoveries for Cu, Pb and Zn were used to explore differences between the optimized BCR procedure and three other sequential extraction schemes with published data for SRM 2710 and 2711 (i.e. Tessier scheme, Geological Survey of Canada scheme and the original BCR scheme). Results indicate significant differences between the four schemes, even for schemes that are closely associated (i.e. the original and optimized BCR schemes). Order-of-magnitude fraction-specific concentration differences were observed, especially for Pb in the reducible fraction. Differences between schemes are worrisome because trends varied between metals, between fractions and between reference soils. These data reinforce the need for increased adoption of standardized sequential extraction procedures and further examination of different solid media. 相似文献
135.
浅析生态园林城市的建设--以重庆市为例 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
随着社会、经济的快速发展,城市生态环境问题越来越突出,由此人们提出了建设生态园林城市的构想,即实现了人与自然、人与社会的和谐统一,实现了可持续发展的人类聚居地。山水园林城市与生态城市在本质上是一致的。本文以重庆市为例,从自然、经济、社会三个生态亚系统入手,分析了重庆市生态系统的现状,主要是提出目前面临的问题和矛盾,并在此基础上提出重庆市建设山水园林城市的5条途径。 相似文献
136.
厦门港和员当湖表层沉积物中的石油烃和多环芳香烃 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9
2002年4月厦门港沿岸设9个站,员当湖设两个站采集表层沉积物,用有机溶剂萃取,硅胶柱色层分离,气相色谱—质谱联机带SIM数据采集系统对样品的石油烃类(M/Z=55),多环芳香烃类进行分析,结果显示员当湖石油烃和多环芳香烃质量分数分别高达1397和1376.5ng/g。厦门港船只活动,厦门港四周工业废水、车辆燃油滴漏是石油烃和多环芳香烃污染的主要来源。 相似文献
137.
138.
通过对姑山矿生产现状的调查研究,确定审计重点为选矿车间,分析了选矿车间存在的问题,提出了清洁生产方案,对方案实施后的经济效益作了分析。 相似文献
139.
140.
重庆三峡库区主要生态环境问题与对策 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
三峡水电站建成后,制约重庆经济可持续发展的关系是生态环境问题,包括三峡库区的水体污染,水土流失与泥沙问题,灾害性地质环境问题,建议建立三峡库区生态环境委员会,实行在市长领导下的环境保护行政领导责任制依法治库,加强生态环境意识教育,建立生态环境保护基金等。 相似文献