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101.
Monika Suchowska-Kisielewicz Andrzej Jedrczak Zofia Sadecka Sylwia Myszograj 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2013,15(2):138-145
The efficiency of waste degradation can be expressed by the rate of waste decomposition in individual phases. This article presents the durations of degradation phases of pretreated and untreated waste stabilized in anaerobic laboratory reactors. In this investigation, the quantities of organic and nitrogen contaminants emitted from the waste during the study are presented. The study confirmed the beneficial effects of aerobic pretreatment of waste before landfilling on reducing the duration of hydrolysis and acid phases, and speeding up the start of the stable methane phase. In the pretreated waste reactor, the stable methane phase began about 19 weeks earlier than in the untreated waste. The total amounts of contaminants removed from the aerobic pretreatment waste were lower than from untreated waste, with values of COD, TOC, BOD5, and VFA corresponding to 21, 18, 6, and 23 %, respectively, and values of TKN and NH4 of 7 and 50 %, respectively. 相似文献
102.
Because of low investment and operational costs, interest is increasing in the use of willow plants in landfill leachate disposal. Toxic effects of leachate on the plants should be avoided in the initial period of growth and phytotoxicological testing may be helpful to select appropriate leachate dose rates. The aim of this study was to determine the phytotoxicity of landfill leachate on young willow (Salix amygdalina L.) cuttings, as a criterion for dose rate selection in the early phase of growth. Over a test period of 6 weeks plants were exposed to six concentrations of landfill leachate solutions (0%; 6.25%; 12.5%; 25%; 50% and 100%), under two different regimes. In regime A willow plants were cultivated in leachate solution from the beginning, whereas in regime B they were grown initially in clean water for 4 weeks, after which the water was exchanged for leachate solutions. The lowest effective concentration causing toxic effects (LOEC) was calculated (p < 0.05). In regime A LOEC was between 5.44% and 6.50% of leachate concentration, but slightly higher in regime B (5.32–6.59%). Willow plants were able to survive in landfill leachate solutions with electrical conductivity (EC) values up to 5.0 mS/cm in regime A, whereas in regime B plants were killed when EC exceeded 3.0 mS/cm. This indicates an ability of willow plants to tolerate higher strengths of landfill leachate if they are cultivated in such concentrations from the beginning. 相似文献
103.
Michailova P Warchałowska-Śliwa E Szarek-Gwiazda E Kownacki A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(1):1-14
The investigation was carried out on a small pond situated on a recent mine spoil at Bolesław in the Olkusz region with Zn–Pb
ore deposits. Water of the pond had pH 7.2–8.5 and low concentrations of heavy metals. Concentrations of Pb (487 μg g − 1) and Zn (1,991 μg g − 1) in the sediment were very high and potentially could lead to toxicological effects. In the pond, 48 taxa of macroinvertebrates
belonging to Oligochaeta and water stages of Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Megaloptera, Trichoptera, Heteroptera, Coleoptera and
Diptera (mainly Chironomidae family) were found. The influence of heavy metals on macroinvertebrates diversity was not found.
Effect of heavy metal pollution was observed on the appearance of chromosome aberrations in the polytene chromosomes of Chironomidae
larvae. It was manifested by two ways: (1) in Kiefferulus tendipediformis and Chironomus sp. chromosome rearrangements in fixed state (tandem fusion and homozygous inversions), indicated intensive process of speciation;
(2) in Chironomus sp., K. tendipediformis, Glyptotendipes gripekoveni (Chironomidae) somatic chromosome rearrangements (inversions, deficiencies, specific puffs, polyploidy) affected few cells
of every individual. The somatic functional and structural alterations in Chironomidae species are particular suitable as
biomarkers—they can be easily identified and used for detecting toxic agents in the environment. 相似文献
104.
Mariusz Markowski Krzysztof Urbaniec Andrzej Budek Marian Trafczyński Walter Wukovits Anton Friedl Mattias Ljunggren Guido Zacchi 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010
The paper is concerned with estimation of heat and power consumption in a conceptual plant to produce hydrogen from sucrose-containing or starchy biomass by fermentation. A hydrogen plant connected with a sugar factory is regarded as the basic option; the sugar factory serves as a source of sucrose-containing thick juice for the hydrogen plant, where this feedstock is processed to hydrogen. As another option, a stand-alone hydrogen plant in which starch must initially be converted to fermentable glucose solution is considered. The values of key process parameters are assumed on the basis of preliminary experimental data. For both options of the hydrogen plant, heat consumption is estimated taking heat recovery in a heat exchanger network into account. Power consumption is estimated by calculating power needed for pumping of liquid and gaseous process media. 相似文献
105.
Jacek Andrzej Urbanski 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2001,7(2):155-162
A DTM (Digital Terrain Model) map and the analytical powers of GIS (Geographical Information System) were used in deterministic
and probabilistic methods for analysis of inundation of a coastal area. These methods were applied to evaluate the effects
of a rise in sea-level on the coastal zone of the Puck Lagoon (Poland) over a period of 100 years. The analysis evaluated
the following aspects: the threat to man-made objects such as buildings and roads; changes in the impact of the sea on the
coastal environment manifested as the frequency of flooding of grasslands and marshland in the coastal depression, and the
formation of a dune embankment. The analysis covered a ca. 5 km stretch of low-lying coastline, in which there are two rapidly
growing villages and a nature reserve. The study showed that a sealevel rise of 40 cm would increase the frequency of flooding
in the area and would probably cause the dune ridge vegetation to deteriorate. 相似文献
106.
Per StÅlnacke Anders Grimvall Karin Sundblad Andrzej Tonderski 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1999,58(2):173-200
This article presents the results of the first critical examination of time series of riverine nutrient-load data for the entire Baltic Sea drainage area. Water quality data collected by or for the different national environmental agencies were compiled and analysed statistically to identify and remove inconsistent or obviously incorrect observations. Moreover, sampling tours were undertaken to acquire additional information about the present nutrient concentrations in the largest rivers in the study area. Gaps in the time series of approved data were then filled in by employing statistical interpolation and extrapolation methods. Thereafter, the concentration and runoff data were combined to obtain estimates of monthly nutrient loads for the time period 1970–93. The results of the calculations showed that although there had been substantial changes in land use, atmospheric deposition and wastewater treatment in many parts of the study area, the total riverine loads of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to the Baltic Sea have been fairly constant since 1980, and most likely also since 1970. Moreover, the interannual variation was clearly correlated to the runoff. The mean annual loads for the time period 1980–93 were found to be about 825 000 tonnes N and 41 000 tonnes P, respectively. This implies that (i) several other investigators have strongly underestimated the riverine loads of nutrients, especially the nitrogen, and that (ii) the riverine loads by far exceed the input to the Baltic Sea from other sources, {i.e.} atmospheric deposition, direct emissions from cities and industries along the Baltic Sea coast and nitrogen fixation by marine algae. 相似文献
107.
Andrzej Bia?owiec Irena Wojnowska-Bary?a Marek Hasso-Agopsowicz 《Waste management & research》2007,25(1):61-67
The use of willows (Salix amygdalina L) to manage landfill leachate disposal is an effective and cost-effective method due to the high transpiration ability of the willow plants. A 2-year lysimetric experiment was performed to determine an optimum leachate hydraulic loading rate to achieve high evapotranspiration but exert no harmful influence on the plants. The evapotranspiration rate of a soil-plant system planted with the willow was 1.28-5.12-fold higher than the rate measured on a soil surface lacking vegetation, suggesting that soil-willow systems with high volatilization rates are a viable landfill leachate treatment method. Of the soil-willow systems, the one with willow growing on sand amended with sewage sludge soil at an hydraulic loading rate of 1 mm day(-1) performed best, with evapotranspiration ranging from 2.25 to 3.02 mm day(-1) and a biomass yield of 8.0-9.85 Mg dry matter ha(-1). The organic fraction of the soil increased as much as 2.5% of dry matter, due to the sewage sludge input, which exerted a positive effect on the biomass yield as well as on transpiration and evaporation. It was observed that the plants in the sand-and-sewage sludge soil systems displayed higher resistance to toxic effects from the applied landfill leachate relative to plants in the sand-soil systems. 相似文献
108.
Jabłońska-Trypuć Agata Wydro Urszula Wołejko Elżbieta Pietryczuk Anna Cudowski Adam Leszczyński Jacek Rodziewicz Joanna Janczukowicz Wojciech Butarewicz Andrzej 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2021,43(9):3683-3698
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Leachate from landfills is a product of complex biological and physicochemical processes occurring during waste storage. In the present study, the toxicity... 相似文献
109.
Andrzej Mikulski Małgorzata Grzesiuk Małgorzata Kloc Joanna Pijanowska 《Chemoecology》2009,19(2):69-72
It has previously been shown that the level of Daphnia proteins detected by commonly used anti-HSP antibodies, with molecular weights corresponding to those of heat shock proteins,
can be modified by various kinds of stress, including the threat of predation. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that these proteins change their expression
in response to thermal stress. Thus, it is concluded that Daphnia heat shock proteins, as components of the cellular stress defense, are involved in both, abiotic and biotic stress. 相似文献
110.