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61.
Núria Roura-Pascual Andrew V Suarez Kristina McNyset Crisanto Gómez Pere Pons Yoshifumi Touyama Alexander L Wild Ferran Gascon A Townsend Peterson 《Ecological applications》2006,16(5):1832-1841
Modeling ecological niches of species is a promising approach for predicting the geographic potential of invasive species in new environments. Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) rank among the most successful invasive species: native to South America, they have invaded broad areas worldwide. Despite their widespread success, little is known about what makes an area susceptible--or not--to invasion. Here, we use a genetic algorithm approach to ecological niche modeling based on high-resolution remote-sensing data to examine the roles of niche similarity and difference in predicting invasions by this species. Our comparisons support a picture of general conservatism of the species' ecological characteristics, in spite of distinct geographic and community contexts. 相似文献
62.
Sergio Rodríguez Xavier Querol Andrés Alastuey Jesús de la Rosa 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2007,5(1):1-7
This article synthesises the results obtained in several projects on atmospheric aerosol (particulate matter – PM) pollution
developed during the last years in the Western Mediterranean. It focuses on particulate matter sources and the strategies
for suitable monitoring in ambient air. The article has been structured in several sections that give response to the main
questions that prompted these studies. After analysing the main PM features in the Mediterranean, a brief review of the main
factors differentiating the particulate matter composition with respect to Central Europe is presented. Finally, the suitability
of the different metrics or parameters for monitoring ambient air PM levels in different types of environments is discussed.
Selected article from the 6th European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro organized
by Prof. Dr. Branimir Jovancicevic (www.research.plymouth.ac.uk/ace). 相似文献
63.
It is well established that an optimal aerobic and anaerobic microbial metabolism is achieved with a C/N ratio between 20 and 30. Most studies are currently based on chemically-measured carbon and nitrogen contents. However, some organic wastes can be composed of recalcitrant carbon fractions that are not bioavailable. To know the biodegradable C/N ratio, two different methods to determine the aerobic and anaerobic biodegradable organic carbon (BOCAE and BOCAN) are proposed and used to analyze a wide variety of different organic samples. In general, raw wastes and digested products have more amount of BOCAE. On the contrast, the samples collected after an aerobic treatment have higher content of BOCAN. In any case, all the BOC fractions are lower than the total organic carbon (TOC). Therefore, the C/N ratios based on BOC are always lower than the total C/N ratio based on the TOC measure. The knowledge of the real bioavailable C/N ratio is crucial for the biological treatments of organic materials. To reduce the test time necessary for BOC determination, the values of BOC for all the samples obtained at different times were compared and correlated with the final BOC. A method that allows for the determination of BOCAE in 4 d is proposed. In relation to the anaerobic assay, the biogas potential calculated after 21 and 50 d was positively correlated with the final potential defined after 100 d of assay. 相似文献
64.
Jorge Pey Andrés Alastuey Xavier Querol Sergio Rodríguez 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(38):4879-4890
Different monitoring parameters (PM mass concentrations, number–size distribution, black carbon, gaseous pollutants, and chemical composition, among others) are currently used in air quality studies. Urban aerosols are the result of several sources and atmospheric processes, which suggests that a single monitoring technique is insufficient to quantitatively evaluate all of them.This study assesses the suitability of a number of monitoring techniques (PM mass concentrations, number and size distribution of ultra-fine particles, levels of gaseous pollutants, and a complete chemical characterization of PM10 and PM2.5) by examining the response of those techniques to the different emission sources and/or atmospheric processes affecting an urban Mediterranean area (Barcelona, NE Spain).The results of this work reveal that the PM mass, the number concentration and the chemical composition give different, but complementary, information. Whereas the mineral matter, a key atmospheric aerosol component across the Mediterranean, is not properly quantitatively assessed by measuring sub-micrometric particles, the monitoring of the number concentration is indispensable to interpret the origin of specific aerosol episodes. Furthermore, the chemical composition yields very relevant information to deduce the causes of specific pollution episodes.The number concentration of ultra-fine particles in urban areas is strongly dependent upon vehicle exhaust emissions, which may cause adverse health impacts. Moreover, urban Mediterranean environments are favourable to produce nucleation-mode particles (<20 nm) with photochemical origin. In those cases, these particles are expected to be of high solubility and consequently their toxicity may differ from that of traffic-generated ultra-fine particles. Thus, the use of a single monitoring parameter to evaluate the health effects seems to be not enough. 相似文献
65.
Ika Paul-Pont Xavier de Montaudouin Florence Jude Christine Paillard 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(11):3401-3410
In natural environment, marine organisms are concomitantly exposed to pollutants and multiple disease agents resulting in detrimental interactions. The present study evaluated interactive effects of metal contamination (cadmium) and pathogenic organisms (trematode parasites Himasthla elongata and pathogenic bacteria Vibrio tapetis) singularly and in combination on the bivalve Ruditapes philippinarum, an introduced species to Europe, under laboratory controlled conditions. After 7 days, metal bioaccumulation and pathogen load were analyzed as well as metallothionein (MT) response and hemocyte concentrations and activities. Results showed that infection by opportunistic pathogens affects metal accumulation, leading to maximal Cd accumulation in co-infected clams. Among stressors only V. tapetis induced significant effects on immune parameters whereas a particular interaction “trematode-bacteria” was shown on MT responses. Despite low trematode infection in agreement with the resistant status of R. philippinarum to these macroparasites, significant interaction with bacteria and metal occurred. Such results highlight the necessity of taking pathogens into account in ecotoxicological studies. 相似文献
66.
Cristina Dutra Vieira Maria Auxiliadora Roque de Carvalho Noil Amorim de Menezes Cussiol Maria Eugênia Alvarez-Leite Simone Gonçalves dos Santos Renata Maria da Fonseca Gomes Marcos Xavier Silva Luiz de Macêdo Farias 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2009,29(4):1388-1391
When developing proper waste management strategies, it is essential to characterize the volume and composition of solid waste. The aim of this work was to evaluate the composition of dental waste produced by three dental health services in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Two universities, one public and one private, and one public dental health service were selected. Waste collection took place from March to November 2007. During this period, three samples were collected from each dental health service. The total amount of dental waste produced in one day of dental work was manually separated into three categories: infectious and potentially infectious waste, accounting for 24.3% of the total waste; non-infectious waste, accounting for 48.1%; and domestic-type waste, accounting for 27.6% (percentages are for mean weights of solid waste). Our results showed that most of the waste considered as biomedical may be misclassified, consequently making the infectious waste amount appear much larger. In addition, our results suggest that the best waste minimization method is recycling, and they help to define an appropriate waste management system in all three of the dental health services involved in this study. 相似文献
67.
Analyzing different pathways by which social–ecological systems can loose resilience and enter trajectories of collapse constitutes
an important aspect of our quest towards understanding resource sustainability. This paper’s goal was to better understand
the effect of a particular class of disturbance—the accumulative effects of routine stressors—in the context of marine social–ecological
systems. To that effect, we built a system dynamics model using empirically collected institutional and biological field data
of an artisanal fishery in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Among our findings, we identified different scenarios under which
even very small endogenous changes in the relationship between ecological and institutional variables can send a seemingly
resilient system into a trajectory of collapse. We discuss why these types of disturbances are so difficult to prevent and
be identified by the users of the resource, as well as potential strategies to address these challenges. 相似文献
68.
Ana Isabel Miranda Vera Martins Pedro Cascão Jorge Humberto Amorim Joana Valente Richard Tavares Carlos Borrego Oxana Tchepel António Jorge Ferreira Carlos Robalo Cordeiro Domingos Xavier Viegas Luís Mário Ribeiro Luís Paulo Pita 《Environment international》2010,36(7):736-745
Forest fires represent a serious threat to public security in Europe due to the large burned area. Moreover, smoke pollution due to forest fire events is an important public health issue for the communities directly affected, and particularly for the personnel involved in firefighting operations. Aiming to contribute to the scientific knowledge concerning firefighters exposure to forest fires smoke, data of individual exposure to carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, volatile organic compounds, and particulate matter were obtained during experimental field fires for a group of 10 firefighters equipped with portable “in continuum” measuring devices. Measured values are very high exceeding the Occupational Exposure Standard limits, in particular for peak limit thresholds. These are the first measurements and analysis of firefighter's individual exposure to toxic gases and particles in fire smoke experiments in Europe. However, they already indicate that urgent measures to avoid these levels of exposure are needed. 相似文献
69.
Viet-Dung Nguyen Xavier Pierens Karim Benhabib 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2019,54(5):357-365
The present paper aims at presenting a kinetic model that is supposed to result in the decomposition of methylparaben in completely mixed batch reactor (CMBR) using the UV/H2O2 process. The proposed model incorporates photochemical, chemical reactions and their constant rates to formulate the overall kinetic rate expressions which are integrated into MATLAB. Thus, the changes in pH values during the process of oxidation are taken into consideration. In addition, the effects of hydrogen peroxide (HP) dosage, as well as the concentration of hydroxyl radicals, are examined. Accordingly, the pseudo-first-order rate constant, its variation as functions of HP concentration, incident UV-light intensity and the limitations of the adopted approach are discussed. In line with that, the authors provided evidence of the validity of the kinetic model through the exposure of previous experimental studies as reported in the literature review then through the evidence of the present experimental data. 相似文献